Arrow Flight RPC#

Arrow Flight is an RPC framework for efficient transfer of Flight data over the network.

Writing a Flight Service#

Servers are subclasses of FlightServerBase. To implement individual RPCs, override the RPC methods on this class.

import pyarrow.flight as flight

class MyFlightServer(flight.FlightServerBase):
    def list_flights(self, context, criteria):
        info = flight.FlightInfo(...)
        yield info

Each RPC method always takes a ServerCallContext for common parameters. To indicate failure, raise an exception; Flight-specific errors can be indicated by raising one of the subclasses of FlightError.

To start a server, create a Location to specify where to listen, and create an instance of the server. (A string will be converted into a location.) This will start the server, but wont block the rest of the program. Call FlightServerBase.serve() to block until the server stops.

# Listen to all interfaces on a free port
server = MyFlightServer("grpc://0.0.0.0:0")

print("Server listening on port", server.port)
server.serve()

Using the Flight Client#

To connect to a Flight service, call pyarrow.flight.connect() with a location.

Cancellation and Timeouts#

When making a call, clients can optionally provide FlightCallOptions. This allows clients to set a timeout on calls or provide custom HTTP headers, among other features. Also, some objects returned by client RPC calls expose a cancel method which allows terminating a call early.

On the server side, timeouts are transparent. For cancellation, the server needs to manually poll ServerCallContext.is_cancelled() to check if the client has cancelled the call, and if so, break out of any processing the server is currently doing.

Enabling TLS#

TLS can be enabled when setting up a server by providing a certificate and key pair to FlightServerBase.

On the client side, use Location.for_grpc_tls() to construct the Location to listen on.

Enabling Authentication#

Handshake-based authentication can be enabled by implementing ServerAuthHandler. Authentication consists of two parts: on initial client connection, the server and client authentication implementations can perform any negotiation needed; then, on each RPC thereafter, the client provides a token. The server authentication handler validates the token and provides the identity of the client. This identity can be obtained from the ServerCallContext.

Custom Middleware#

Servers and clients support custom middleware (or interceptors) that are called on every request and can modify the request in a limited fashion. These can be implemented by subclassing ServerMiddleware and ClientMiddleware, then providing them when creating the client or server.

Middleware are fairly limited, but they can add headers to a request/response. On the server, they can inspect incoming headers and fail the request; hence, they can be used to implement custom authentication methods.

Flight best practices#