matplotlib.pyplot.subplots#

matplotlib.pyplot.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1, *, sharex=False, sharey=False, squeeze=True, width_ratios=None, height_ratios=None, subplot_kw=None, gridspec_kw=None, **fig_kw)[source]#

Create a figure and a set of subplots.

This utility wrapper makes it convenient to create common layouts of subplots, including the enclosing figure object, in a single call.

Parameters:

nrows, ncolsint, default: 1

Number of rows/columns of the subplot grid.

sharex, shareybool or {'none', 'all', 'row', 'col'}, default: False

Controls sharing of properties among x (sharex) or y (sharey) axes:

• True or 'all': x- or y-axis will be shared among all subplots.

• False or 'none': each subplot x- or y-axis will be independent.

• 'row': each subplot row will share an x- or y-axis.

• 'col': each subplot column will share an x- or y-axis.

When subplots have a shared x-axis along a column, only the x tick labels of the bottom subplot are created. Similarly, when subplots have a shared y-axis along a row, only the y tick labels of the first column subplot are created. To later turn other subplots' ticklabels on, use tick_params.

When subplots have a shared axis that has units, calling Axis.set_units will update each axis with the new units.

Note that it is not possible to unshare axes.

squeezebool, default: True

• If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned array of Axes:

  • if only one subplot is constructed (nrows=ncols=1), the resulting single Axes object is returned as a scalar.

  • for Nx1 or 1xM subplots, the returned object is a 1D numpy object array of Axes objects.

  • for NxM, subplots with N>1 and M>1 are returned as a 2D array.

• If False, no squeezing at all is done: the returned Axes object is always a 2D array containing Axes instances, even if it ends up being 1x1.

width_ratiosarray-like of length ncols, optional

Defines the relative widths of the columns. Each column gets a relative width of width_ratios[i] / sum(width_ratios). If not given, all columns will have the same width. Equivalent to gridspec_kw={'width_ratios': [...]}.

height_ratiosarray-like of length nrows, optional

Defines the relative heights of the rows. Each row gets a relative height of height_ratios[i] / sum(height_ratios). If not given, all rows will have the same height. Convenience for gridspec_kw={'height_ratios': [...]}.

subplot_kwdict, optional

Dict with keywords passed to the add_subplot call used to create each subplot.

gridspec_kwdict, optional

Dict with keywords passed to the GridSpec constructor used to create the grid the subplots are placed on.

**fig_kw

All additional keyword arguments are passed to the pyplot.figure call.

Returns:

figFigure

axAxes or array of Axes

ax can be either a single Axes object, or an array of Axes objects if more than one subplot was created. The dimensions of the resulting array can be controlled with the squeeze keyword, see above.

Typical idioms for handling the return value are:

# using the variable ax for a single Axes
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

# using the variable axs for multiple Axes
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2)

# using tuple unpacking for multiple Axes
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2)
fig, ((ax1, ax2), (ax3, ax4)) = plt.subplots(2, 2)

The names ax and pluralized axs are preferred over axes because for the latter it's not clear if it refers to a single Axes instance or a collection of these.

See also

pyplot.figure

pyplot.subplot

pyplot.axes

Figure.subplots

Figure.add_subplot

Examples

# First create some toy data:
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 400)
y = np.sin(x**2)

# Create just a figure and only one subplot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.set_title('Simple plot')

# Create two subplots and unpack the output array immediately
f, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
ax1.plot(x, y)
ax1.set_title('Sharing Y axis')
ax2.scatter(x, y)

# Create four polar Axes and access them through the returned array
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, subplot_kw=dict(projection="polar"))
axs[0, 0].plot(x, y)
axs[1, 1].scatter(x, y)

# Share an X axis with each column of subplots
plt.subplots(2, 2, sharex='col')

# Share a Y axis with each row of subplots
plt.subplots(2, 2, sharey='row')

# Share both X and Y axes with all subplots
plt.subplots(2, 2, sharex='all', sharey='all')

# Note that this is the same as
plt.subplots(2, 2, sharex=True, sharey=True)

# Create figure number 10 with a single subplot
# and clears it if it already exists.
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=10, clear=True)

Examples using matplotlib.pyplot.subplots#

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Line plot

Line plot

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Linestyles

Linestyles

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Dashed line style configuration

Dashed line style configuration

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Markevery Demo

Markevery Demo

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Marker reference

Marker reference

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Infinite lines

Infinite lines

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Multicolored lines

Multicolored lines

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Lines with a ticked patheffect

Lines with a ticked patheffect

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Grouped bar chart with labels

Grouped bar chart with labels

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Bar chart with labels

Bar chart with labels

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Stacked bar chart

Stacked bar chart

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Bar chart with individual bar colors

Bar chart with individual bar colors

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Hat graph

Hat graph

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Bar chart with gradients

Bar chart with gradients

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Horizontal bar chart

Horizontal bar chart

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Discrete distribution as horizontal bar chart

Discrete distribution as horizontal bar chart

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Broken horizontal bars

Broken horizontal bars

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Scatter Demo2

Scatter Demo2

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Mapping marker properties to multivariate data

Mapping marker properties to multivariate data

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Marker examples

Marker examples

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Scatter plot with a legend

Scatter plot with a legend

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Stairs Demo

Stairs Demo

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Filled polygon

Filled polygon

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fill_between with transparency

fill_between with transparency

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Fill the area between two lines

Fill the area between two lines

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Fill the area between two vertical lines

Fill the area between two vertical lines

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Stackplots and streamgraphs

Stackplots and streamgraphs

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Eventplot demo

Eventplot demo

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Timeline with lines, dates, and text

Timeline with lines, dates, and text

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hlines and vlines

hlines and vlines

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Shade regions defined by a logical mask using fill_between

Shade regions defined by a logical mask using fill_between

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Plotting categorical variables

Plotting categorical variables

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Many ways to plot images

Many ways to plot images

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Image with masked values

Image with masked values

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Multiple images with one colorbar

Multiple images with one colorbar

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Modifying the coordinate formatter

Modifying the coordinate formatter

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Image resampling

Image resampling

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Interpolations for imshow

Interpolations for imshow

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Blend transparency with color in 2D images

Blend transparency with color in 2D images

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Shading example

Shading example

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Clipping images with patches

Clipping images with patches

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Placing images, preserving relative sizes

Placing images, preserving relative sizes

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pcolor images

pcolor images

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pcolormesh

pcolormesh

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pcolormesh grids and shading

pcolormesh grids and shading

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Image nonuniform

Image nonuniform

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QuadMesh Demo

QuadMesh Demo

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Triplot Demo

Triplot Demo

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Tripcolor Demo

Tripcolor Demo

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Tricontour Demo

Tricontour Demo

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Tricontour Smooth User

Tricontour Smooth User

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Tricontour Smooth Delaunay

Tricontour Smooth Delaunay

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Trigradient Demo

Trigradient Demo

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Triinterp Demo

Triinterp Demo

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Contour plot of irregularly spaced data

Contour plot of irregularly spaced data

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Contour Demo

Contour Demo

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Contour Label Demo

Contour Label Demo

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Contourf demo

Contourf demo

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Contour image

Contour image

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Contourf and log color scale

Contourf and log color scale

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Contourf hatching

Contourf hatching

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Contour corner mask

Contour corner mask

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Contouring the solution space of optimizations

Contouring the solution space of optimizations

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Quiver Simple Demo

Quiver Simple Demo

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Advanced quiver and quiverkey functions

Advanced quiver and quiverkey functions

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Wind barbs

Wind barbs

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Streamplot

Streamplot

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Interactive adjustment of colormap range

Interactive adjustment of colormap range

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Colormap normalizations

Colormap normalizations

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Colormap normalizations SymLogNorm

Colormap normalizations SymLogNorm

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Annotated heatmap

Annotated heatmap

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Affine transform of an image

Affine transform of an image

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Spy Demos

Spy Demos

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Spectrogram

Spectrogram

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BboxImage Demo

BboxImage Demo

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Watermark image

Watermark image

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Errorbar function

Errorbar function

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Different ways of specifying error bars

Different ways of specifying error bars

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Errorbar subsampling

Errorbar subsampling

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Including upper and lower limits in error bars

Including upper and lower limits in error bars

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Create boxes from error bars using PatchCollection

Create boxes from error bars using PatchCollection

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Plot a confidence ellipse of a two-dimensional dataset

Plot a confidence ellipse of a two-dimensional dataset

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Curve with error band

Curve with error band

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Histograms

Histograms

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Demo of the histogram function's different histtype settings

Demo of the histogram function's different histtype settings

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Histogram bins, density, and weight

Histogram bins, density, and weight

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The histogram (hist) function with multiple data sets

The histogram (hist) function with multiple data sets

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Multiple histograms side by side

Multiple histograms side by side

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Bihistogram

Bihistogram

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Hexagonal binned plot

Hexagonal binned plot

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Time Series Histogram

Time Series Histogram

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Boxplots

Boxplots

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Artist customization in box plots

Artist customization in box plots

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Box plots with custom fill colors

Box plots with custom fill colors

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Separate calculation and plotting of boxplots

Separate calculation and plotting of boxplots

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Box plot vs. violin plot comparison

Box plot vs. violin plot comparison

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Violin plot basics

Violin plot basics

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Violin plot customization

Violin plot customization

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Cross- and auto-correlation

Cross- and auto-correlation

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Power spectral density (PSD)

Power spectral density (PSD)

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Cross spectral density (CSD)

Cross spectral density (CSD)

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Plotting the coherence of two signals

Plotting the coherence of two signals

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Pie charts

Pie charts

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Bar of pie

Bar of pie

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Nested pie charts

Nested pie charts

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A pie and a donut with labels

A pie and a donut with labels

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Labeling pie charts

Labeling pie charts

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Polar plot

Polar plot

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Multiple subplots

Multiple subplots

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Create multiple subplots using plt.subplots

Create multiple subplots using plt.subplots

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Axes Demo

Axes Demo

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Combine two subplots using subplots and GridSpec

Combine two subplots using subplots and GridSpec

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Resize Axes with constrained layout

Resize Axes with constrained layout

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Resize Axes with tight layout

Resize Axes with tight layout

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Programmatically control subplot adjustment

Programmatically control subplot adjustment

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Adjacent subplots

Adjacent subplots

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Controlling view limits using margins and sticky_edges

Controlling view limits using margins and sticky_edges

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Axes box aspect

Axes box aspect

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Equal axis aspect ratio

Equal axis aspect ratio

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Figure size in different units

Figure size in different units

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Figure subfigures

Figure subfigures

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Shared axis

Shared axis

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Inverted axis

Inverted axis

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Plots with different scales

Plots with different scales

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Different scales on the same Axes

Different scales on the same Axes

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Multiple y-axis with Spines

Multiple y-axis with Spines

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Twin Axes with delta_zorder

Twin Axes with delta_zorder

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Secondary Axis

Secondary Axis

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Align labels and titles

Align labels and titles

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Axis label position

Axis label position

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Axes properties

Axes properties

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Figure labels: suptitle, supxlabel, supylabel

Figure labels: suptitle, supxlabel, supylabel

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Zoom region inset Axes

Zoom region inset Axes

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Broken axis

Broken axis

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Draw regions that span an Axes

Draw regions that span an Axes

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Automatically setting tick positions

Automatically setting tick positions

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Tick locators

Tick locators

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Major and minor ticks

Major and minor ticks

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Left-aligned y tick labels

Left-aligned y tick labels

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Move x/y-axis ticks and labels on top and right

Move x/y-axis ticks and labels on top and right

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Center labels between ticks

Center labels between ticks

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Rotated tick labels

Rotated tick labels

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Multilevel (nested) ticks

Multilevel (nested) ticks

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The default tick formatter

The default tick formatter

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Custom Ticker

Custom Ticker

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Dollar ticks

Dollar ticks

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Format ticks using engineering notation

Format ticks using engineering notation

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SI prefixed offsets and natural order of magnitudes

SI prefixed offsets and natural order of magnitudes

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Setting tick labels from a list of values

Setting tick labels from a list of values

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Date tick labels

Date tick labels

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Date tick locators and formatters

Date tick locators and formatters

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Format date ticks using ConciseDateFormatter

Format date ticks using ConciseDateFormatter

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Date converter demo

Date converter demo

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Placing date ticks using recurrence rules

Placing date ticks using recurrence rules

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Custom tick formatter for time series

Custom tick formatter for time series

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Date precision and epochs

Date precision and epochs

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Colorbar Tick labelling

Colorbar Tick labelling

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Fixing too many ticks

Fixing too many ticks

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Scales overview

Scales overview

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Loglog aspect

Loglog aspect

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Log scale

Log scale

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Logit scale

Logit scale

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Exploring normalizations

Exploring normalizations

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Symlog scale

Symlog scale

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Spines

Spines

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Dropped spines

Dropped spines

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Centered spines with arrows

Centered spines with arrows

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Text alignment

Text alignment

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Multiline text

Multiline text

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Text rotation angle in data coordinates

Text rotation angle in data coordinates

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Using a text as a Path

Using a text as a Path

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Annotating a plot

Annotating a plot

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Annotate plots

Annotate plots

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Angle annotations on bracket arrows

Angle annotations on bracket arrows

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Annotation arrow style reference

Annotation arrow style reference

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Placing text boxes

Placing text boxes

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Artists as annotations

Artists as annotations

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Scale invariant angle label

Scale invariant angle label

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Legend Demo

Legend Demo

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Legend using pre-defined labels

Legend using pre-defined labels

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Compose custom legends

Compose custom legends

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Figure legend demo

Figure legend demo

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Accented text

Accented text

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Configure the font family

Configure the font family

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Using ttf font files

Using ttf font files

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Font table

Font table

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Mathtext

Mathtext

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Math fontfamily

Math fontfamily

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Render math equations using TeX

Render math equations using TeX

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Artist within an artist

Artist within an artist

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Title positioning

Title positioning

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Text watermark

Text watermark

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Arrow guide

Arrow guide

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Line, Poly and RegularPoly Collection

Line, Poly and RegularPoly Collection

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Compound path

Compound path

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Dolphins

Dolphins

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Mmh Donuts!!!

Mmh Donuts!!!

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Ellipse with orientation arrow demo

Ellipse with orientation arrow demo

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Ellipse Collection

Ellipse Collection

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Ellipse Demo

Ellipse Demo

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Drawing fancy boxes

Drawing fancy boxes

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Fill rule demo

Fill rule demo

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Hatch style reference

Hatch style reference

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Hatchcolor Demo

Hatchcolor Demo

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Plot multiple lines using a LineCollection

Plot multiple lines using a LineCollection

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Circles, Wedges and Polygons

Circles, Wedges and Polygons

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PathPatch object

PathPatch object

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Bezier curve

Bezier curve

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Color Demo

Color Demo

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Color by y-value

Color by y-value

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Colors in the default property cycle

Colors in the default property cycle

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Named color sequences

Named color sequences

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Colorbar

Colorbar

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Histogram as colorbar

Histogram as colorbar

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Colormap reference

Colormap reference

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Create a colormap from a list of colors

Create a colormap from a list of colors

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Selecting individual colors from a colormap

Selecting individual colors from a colormap

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List of named colors

List of named colors

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Ways to set a color's alpha value

Ways to set a color's alpha value

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Bayesian Methods for Hackers style sheet

Bayesian Methods for Hackers style sheet

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Dark background style sheet

Dark background style sheet

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FiveThirtyEight style sheet

FiveThirtyEight style sheet

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ggplot style sheet

ggplot style sheet

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Grayscale style sheet

Grayscale style sheet

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Style sheets reference

Style sheets reference

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Clip the data to the axes view limits

Clip the data to the axes view limits

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Custom hillshading in a 3D surface plot

Custom hillshading in a 3D surface plot

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3D plot projection types

3D plot projection types

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3D stem

3D stem

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3D surface (colormap)

3D surface (colormap)

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3D wireframe plots in one direction

3D wireframe plots in one direction

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Anchored Direction Arrow

Anchored Direction Arrow

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HBoxDivider and VBoxDivider demo

HBoxDivider and VBoxDivider demo

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Show RGB channels using RGBAxes

Show RGB channels using RGBAxes

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Colorbar with AxesDivider

Colorbar with AxesDivider

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Control the position and size of a colorbar with inset_locator.inset_axes

Control the position and size of a colorbar with inset_locator.inset_axes

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Inset locator demo

Inset locator demo

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Inset locator demo 2

Inset locator demo 2

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Align histogram to scatter plot using locatable Axes

Align histogram to scatter plot using locatable Axes

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Simple Anchored Artists

Simple Anchored Artists

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Basic animated line plot

Basic animated line plot

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Decay

Decay

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Animated histogram

Animated histogram

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pyplot animation

pyplot animation

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The Bayes update

The Bayes update

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Animated image using a precomputed list of images

Animated image using a precomputed list of images

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Multiple Axes animation

Multiple Axes animation

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Pause and resume an animation

Pause and resume an animation

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Animated scatter saved as GIF

Animated scatter saved as GIF

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Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope

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Annotated cursor

Annotated cursor

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Buttons

Buttons

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Check buttons

Check buttons

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Cursor

Cursor

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Lasso Selector

Lasso Selector

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Mouse Cursor

Mouse Cursor

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Multicursor

Multicursor

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Select indices from a collection using polygon selector

Select indices from a collection using polygon selector

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Polygon Selector

Polygon Selector

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Radio Buttons Grid

Radio Buttons Grid

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Image scaling using a RangeSlider

Image scaling using a RangeSlider

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Slider

Slider

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Snap sliders to discrete values

Snap sliders to discrete values

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Span Selector

Span Selector

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Textbox

Textbox

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Mouse move and click events

Mouse move and click events

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Cross-hair cursor

Cross-hair cursor

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Data browser

Data browser

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Figure/Axes enter and leave events

Figure/Axes enter and leave events

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Scroll event

Scroll event

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Keypress event

Keypress event

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Legend picking

Legend picking

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Looking glass

Looking glass

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Path editor

Path editor

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Pick event demo

Pick event demo

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Pick event demo 2

Pick event demo 2

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Polygon editor

Polygon editor

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Pong

Pong

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Resampling Data

Resampling Data

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Timers

Timers

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Trifinder Event Demo

Trifinder Event Demo

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Viewlims

Viewlims

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Zoom modifies other Axes

Zoom modifies other Axes

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pyplot with GTK3

pyplot with GTK3

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pyplot with GTK4

pyplot with GTK4

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SVG Tooltip

SVG Tooltip

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Annotation with units

Annotation with units

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Artist tests

Artist tests

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Bar demo with units

Bar demo with units

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Group barchart with units

Group barchart with units

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Evans test

Evans test

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Radian ticks

Radian ticks

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Inches and centimeters

Inches and centimeters

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Unit handling

Unit handling

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Anchored Artists

Anchored Artists

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Identify whether artists intersect

Identify whether artists intersect

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Manual Contour

Manual Contour

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Coords Report

Coords Report

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Custom projection

Custom projection

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AGG filter

AGG filter

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Ribbon box

Ribbon box

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Add lines directly to a figure

Add lines directly to a figure

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Findobj Demo

Findobj Demo

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Building histograms using Rectangles and PolyCollections

Building histograms using Rectangles and PolyCollections

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Plotting with keywords

Plotting with keywords

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Multiprocessing

Multiprocessing

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Packed-bubble chart

Packed-bubble chart

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Patheffect Demo

Patheffect Demo

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Rasterization for vector graphics

Rasterization for vector graphics

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TickedStroke patheffect

TickedStroke patheffect

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Zorder Demo

Zorder Demo

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Integral as the area under a curve

Integral as the area under a curve

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Stock prices over 32 years

Stock prices over 32 years

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Hillshading

Hillshading

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Anscombe's quartet

Anscombe's quartet

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Ishikawa Diagram

Ishikawa Diagram

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Radar chart (aka spider or star chart)

Radar chart (aka spider or star chart)

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Topographic hillshading

Topographic hillshading

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The Lifecycle of a Plot

The Lifecycle of a Plot

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Coding shortcuts

Coding shortcuts

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plot(x, y)

plot(x, y)

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scatter(x, y)

scatter(x, y)

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bar(x, height)

bar(x, height)

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stem(x, y)

stem(x, y)

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fill_between(x, y1, y2)

fill_between(x, y1, y2)

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stackplot(x, y)

stackplot(x, y)

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stairs(values)

stairs(values)

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hist(x)

hist(x)

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boxplot(X)

boxplot(X)

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errorbar(x, y, yerr, xerr)

errorbar(x, y, yerr, xerr)

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violinplot(D)

violinplot(D)

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eventplot(D)

eventplot(D)

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hist2d(x, y)

hist2d(x, y)

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hexbin(x, y, C)

hexbin(x, y, C)

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pie(x)

pie(x)

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ecdf(x)

ecdf(x)

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imshow(Z)

imshow(Z)

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pcolormesh(X, Y, Z)

pcolormesh(X, Y, Z)

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contour(X, Y, Z)

contour(X, Y, Z)

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contourf(X, Y, Z)

contourf(X, Y, Z)

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barbs(X, Y, U, V)

barbs(X, Y, U, V)

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quiver(X, Y, U, V)

quiver(X, Y, U, V)

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streamplot(X, Y, U, V)

streamplot(X, Y, U, V)

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tricontour(x, y, z)

tricontour(x, y, z)

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tricontourf(x, y, z)

tricontourf(x, y, z)

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tripcolor(x, y, z)

tripcolor(x, y, z)

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triplot(x, y)

triplot(x, y)

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bar3d(x, y, z, dx, dy, dz)

bar3d(x, y, z, dx, dy, dz)

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fill_between(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)

fill_between(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)

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plot(xs, ys, zs)

plot(xs, ys, zs)

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quiver(X, Y, Z, U, V, W)

quiver(X, Y, Z, U, V, W)

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scatter(xs, ys, zs)

scatter(xs, ys, zs)

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stem(x, y, z)

stem(x, y, z)

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plot_surface(X, Y, Z)

plot_surface(X, Y, Z)

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plot_trisurf(x, y, z)

plot_trisurf(x, y, z)

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voxels([x, y, z], filled)

voxels([x, y, z], filled)

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plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z)

plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z)

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Quick start guide

Quick start guide

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Animations using Matplotlib

Animations using Matplotlib

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Faster rendering by using blitting

Faster rendering by using blitting

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Styling with cycler

Styling with cycler

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Path Tutorial

Path Tutorial

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Transformations Tutorial

Transformations Tutorial

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Arranging multiple Axes in a Figure

Arranging multiple Axes in a Figure

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Axis autoscaling

Axis autoscaling

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Axis scales

Axis scales

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Axis ticks

Axis ticks

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Plotting dates and strings

Plotting dates and strings

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Placing colorbars

Placing colorbars

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Constrained layout guide

Constrained layout guide

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Legend guide

Legend guide

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Tight layout guide

Tight layout guide

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Specifying colors

Specifying colors

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Blending and compositing artists

Blending and compositing artists

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Blending and compositing groups of artists

Blending and compositing groups of artists

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Customized Colorbars Tutorial

Customized Colorbars Tutorial

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Creating Colormaps in Matplotlib

Creating Colormaps in Matplotlib

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Colormap normalization

Colormap normalization

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Choosing Colormaps in Matplotlib

Choosing Colormaps in Matplotlib

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Annotations

Annotations

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Text in Matplotlib

Text in Matplotlib