matplotlib.backends.backend_agg#

An Anti-Grain Geometry (AGG) backend.

Features that are implemented:

• capstyles and join styles

• dashes

• linewidth

• lines, rectangles, ellipses

• clipping to a rectangle

• output to RGBA and Pillow-supported image formats

• alpha blending

• DPI scaling properly - everything scales properly (dashes, linewidths, etc)

• draw polygon

• freetype2 w/ ft2font

Still TODO:

• integrate screen dpi w/ ppi and text

matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.FigureCanvas[source]#

alias of FigureCanvasAgg

class matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.FigureCanvasAgg(figure=None)[source]#

Bases: FigureCanvasBase

buffer_rgba()[source]#

Get the image as a memoryview to the renderer's buffer.

draw must be called at least once before this function will work and to update the renderer for any subsequent changes to the Figure.

copy_from_bbox(bbox)[source]#

draw()[source]#

Render the Figure.

This method must walk the artist tree, even if no output is produced, because it triggers deferred work that users may want to access before saving output to disk. For example computing limits, auto-limits, and tick values.

get_renderer()[source]#

print_avif(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a AVIF file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadataNone

Unused for pillow-based writers. All supported options can be passed via pil_kwargs.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keyword arguments that are passed to PIL.Image.Image.save when saving the figure.

print_gif(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a GIF file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadataNone

Unused for pillow-based writers. All supported options can be passed via pil_kwargs.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keyword arguments that are passed to PIL.Image.Image.save when saving the figure.

print_jpeg(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a JPEG file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadataNone

Unused for pillow-based writers. All supported options can be passed via pil_kwargs.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keyword arguments that are passed to PIL.Image.Image.save when saving the figure.

print_jpg(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a JPEG file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadataNone

Unused for pillow-based writers. All supported options can be passed via pil_kwargs.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keyword arguments that are passed to PIL.Image.Image.save when saving the figure.

print_png(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a PNG file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadatadict, optional

Metadata in the PNG file as key-value pairs of bytes or latin-1 encodable strings. According to the PNG specification, keys must be shorter than 79 chars.

The PNG specification defines some common keywords that may be used as appropriate:

• Title: Short (one line) title or caption for image.

• Author: Name of image's creator.

• Description: Description of image (possibly long).

• Copyright: Copyright notice.

• Creation Time: Time of original image creation (usually RFC 1123 format).

• Software: Software used to create the image.

• Disclaimer: Legal disclaimer.

• Warning: Warning of nature of content.

• Source: Device used to create the image.

• Comment: Miscellaneous comment; conversion from other image format.

Other keywords may be invented for other purposes.

If 'Software' is not given, an autogenerated value for Matplotlib will be used. This can be removed by setting it to None.

For more details see the PNG specification.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Keyword arguments passed to PIL.Image.Image.save.

If the 'pnginfo' key is present, it completely overrides metadata, including the default 'Software' key.

print_raw(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None)[source]#

print_rgba(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None)[source]#

print_tif(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a TIFF file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadataNone

Unused for pillow-based writers. All supported options can be passed via pil_kwargs.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keyword arguments that are passed to PIL.Image.Image.save when saving the figure.

print_tiff(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a TIFF file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadataNone

Unused for pillow-based writers. All supported options can be passed via pil_kwargs.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keyword arguments that are passed to PIL.Image.Image.save when saving the figure.

print_to_buffer()[source]#

print_webp(filename_or_obj, *, metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None)[source]#

Write the figure to a WebP file.

Parameters:

filename_or_objstr or path-like or file-like

The file to write to.

metadataNone

Unused for pillow-based writers. All supported options can be passed via pil_kwargs.

pil_kwargsdict, optional

Additional keyword arguments that are passed to PIL.Image.Image.save when saving the figure.

restore_region(region, bbox=None, xy=None)[source]#

tostring_argb()[source]#

Get the image as ARGB bytes.

draw must be called at least once before this function will work and to update the renderer for any subsequent changes to the Figure.

class matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.GraphicsContextAgg(renderer)[source]#

Bases: GraphicsContextBase

set_blend_mode(blend_mode)[source]#

Set the blend mode for compositing - not supported on all backends.

Parameters:

blend_modestr or BlendMode

The allowed values are: "normal", "multiply", "screen", "overlay", "darken", "lighten", "color dodge", "color burn", "hard light", "soft light", "difference", "exclusion", "hue", "saturation", "color", "luminosity", "knockout", "clear", "erase", "atop", "xor", and "plus".

class matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.RendererAgg(width, height, dpi)[source]#

Bases: RendererBase

The renderer handles all the drawing primitives using a graphics context instance that controls the colors/styles

buffer_rgba()[source]#

clear()[source]#

close_blend_group()[source]#

Close the transparency group used for blending.

draw_gouraud_triangles(gc, triangles_array, colors_array, transform)[source]#

Draw a series of Gouraud triangles.

Parameters:

gcGraphicsContextBase

The graphics context.

triangles_array(N, 3, 2) array-like

Array of N (x, y) points for the triangles.

colors_array(N, 3, 4) array-like

Array of N RGBA colors for each point of the triangles.

transformTransform

An affine transform to apply to the points.

draw_mathtext(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle)[source]#

Draw mathtext using matplotlib.mathtext.

draw_path(gc, path, transform, rgbFace=None)[source]#

Draw a Path instance using the given affine transform.

draw_tex(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, *, mtext=None)[source]#

Draw a TeX instance.

Parameters:

gcGraphicsContextBase

The graphics context.

xfloat

The x location of the text in display coords.

yfloat

The y location of the text baseline in display coords.

sstr

The TeX text string.

propFontProperties

The font properties.

anglefloat

The rotation angle in degrees anti-clockwise.

mtextText

The original text object to be rendered.

draw_text(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None)[source]#

Draw a text instance.

Parameters:

gcGraphicsContextBase

The graphics context.

xfloat

The x location of the text in display coords.

yfloat

The y location of the text baseline in display coords.

sstr

The text string.

propFontProperties

The font properties.

anglefloat

The rotation angle in degrees anti-clockwise.

ismathbool or "TeX"

If True, use mathtext parser.

mtextText

The original text object to be rendered.

Notes

Notes for backend implementers:

RendererBase.draw_text also supports passing "TeX" to the ismath parameter to use TeX rendering, but this is not required for actual rendering backends, and indeed many builtin backends do not support this. Rather, TeX rendering is provided by draw_tex.

get_canvas_width_height()[source]#

Return the canvas width and height in display coords.

get_text_width_height_descent(s, prop, ismath)[source]#

Get the width, height, and descent (offset from the bottom to the baseline), in display coords, of the string s with FontProperties prop.

Whitespace at the start and the end of s is included in the reported width.

new_gc()[source]#

Return an instance of a GraphicsContextBase.

open_blend_group(blend_mode, *, alpha=1, knockout=False)[source]#

Open a transparency group used for blending.

This blend group can be an isolated group, a knockout group, both, or neither. See Blending and compositing groups of artists for details, and see also Blending and compositing artists.

Isolated groups are supported by the Agg, Cairo, PDF, PGF, and SVG renderers:

• If blend_mode is not None, this blend group is an isolated group. Artists within this group are rendered in an separate buffer. When this group is closed, the isolated buffer is then drawn as an image into the primary buffer using the specified blend mode and scalar alpha.

• If blend_mode is None, this blend group is a non-isolated group. Artists within this group are rendered successively onto the primary buffer, which has the same result as if the artists were not grouped unless this group is a knockout group.

Knockout groups are supported by the Agg, Cairo, PDF, and PGF renderers:

• If knockout is False, the blend group is a non-knockout group. Each successive artist in this group is rendered onto the backdrop as modified by the preceding artists in this group.

• If knockout is True, the blend group is a knockout group. Each successive artist in this group is rendered onto the initial backdrop, ignoring any modifications underneath by preceding artists in this group.

• If the knockout group is also isolated, the initial backdrop is a fully transparent buffer.

• If the knockout group is not isolated, the initial backdrop is the primary buffer. This is supported by the PDF and PGF renderers, but not by the Agg and Cairo renderers.

Parameters:

blend_modeblend mode or None

If None, this group is a non-isolated group. Otherwise, this group is an isolated group that will be rendered into the primary buffer using this blend mode.

alphafloat, default: 1

The scalar alpha to additionally apply to the isolated buffer when blending into the primary buffer. Defaults to 1, which means no fading of the isolated buffer.

knockoutbool, default: False

Specifies whether this group is a knockout group. Defaults to False, which means this group is a non-knockout group.

option_image_nocomposite()[source]#

Return whether image composition by Matplotlib should be skipped.

Raster backends should usually return False (letting the C-level rasterizer take care of image composition); vector backends should usually return not rcParams["image.composite_image"].

option_scale_image()[source]#

Return whether arbitrary affine transformations in draw_image are supported (True for most vector backends).

points_to_pixels(points)[source]#

Convert points to display units.

You need to override this function (unless your backend doesn't have a dpi, e.g., postscript or svg). Some imaging systems assume some value for pixels per inch:

points to pixels = points * pixels_per_inch/72 * dpi/72

Parameters:

pointsfloat or array-like

Returns:

Points converted to pixels

restore_region(region, bbox=None, xy=None)[source]#

Restore the saved region. If bbox (instance of BboxBase, or its extents) is given, only the region specified by the bbox will be restored. xy (a pair of floats) optionally specifies the new position (the LLC of the original region, not the LLC of the bbox) where the region will be restored.

>>> region = renderer.copy_from_bbox()
>>> x1, y1, x2, y2 = region.get_extents()
>>> renderer.restore_region(region, bbox=(x1+dx, y1, x2, y2),
...                         xy=(x1-dx, y1))

start_filter()[source]#

Start filtering. It simply creates a new canvas (the old one is saved).

stop_filter(post_processing, *, blend_mode='normal')[source]#

Save the current canvas as an image and apply post processing.

The post_processing function:

def post_processing(image, dpi):
  # ny, nx, depth = image.shape
  # image (numpy array) has RGBA channels and has a depth of 4.
  ...
  # create a new_image (numpy array of 4 channels, size can be
  # different). The resulting image may have offsets from
  # lower-left corner of the original image
  return new_image, offset_x, offset_y

The saved renderer is restored and the returned image from post_processing is plotted (using draw_image) on it, using the blend mode specified by blend_mode.

tostring_argb()[source]#

matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.get_hinting_flag()[source]#