(function(ionic) {
  /* for nextUid function below */
  var nextId = 0;

  /**
   * Various utilities used throughout Ionic
   *
   * Some of these are adopted from underscore.js and backbone.js, both also MIT licensed.
   */
  ionic.Utils = {

    arrayMove: function(arr, oldIndex, newIndex) {
      if (newIndex >= arr.length) {
        var k = newIndex - arr.length;
        while ((k--) + 1) {
          arr.push(undefined);
        }
      }
      arr.splice(newIndex, 0, arr.splice(oldIndex, 1)[0]);
      return arr;
    },

    /**
     * Return a function that will be called with the given context
     */
    proxy: function(func, context) {
      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
      return function() {
        return func.apply(context, args.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
      };
    },

    /**
     * Only call a function once in the given interval.
     *
     * @param func {Function} the function to call
     * @param wait {int} how long to wait before/after to allow function calls
     * @param immediate {boolean} whether to call immediately or after the wait interval
     */
     debounce: function(func, wait, immediate) {
      var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result;
      return function() {
        context = this;
        args = arguments;
        timestamp = new Date();
        var later = function() {
          var last = (new Date()) - timestamp;
          if (last < wait) {
            timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - last);
          } else {
            timeout = null;
            if (!immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
          }
        };
        var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
        if (!timeout) {
          timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
        }
        if (callNow) result = func.apply(context, args);
        return result;
      };
    },

    /**
     * Throttle the given fun, only allowing it to be
     * called at most every `wait` ms.
     */
    throttle: function(func, wait, options) {
      var context, args, result;
      var timeout = null;
      var previous = 0;
      options || (options = {});
      var later = function() {
        previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : Date.now();
        timeout = null;
        result = func.apply(context, args);
      };
      return function() {
        var now = Date.now();
        if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
        var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
        context = this;
        args = arguments;
        if (remaining