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[xxx.png]"
```
2.
1. `{% load static %}`
2. `{% static 'xxx.png' %}`
#####
1. `extends`
+ ,AJAX
+ base
```jinja2
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block main %}
{% endblock %}
```
2. `include`
+ ,,
+
```jinja2
{% include 'navbar.html' %}
```
#### Django App
+ Project () App () ,
+ App () Django ,
##### App
1. `python manage.py startapp app_name`
2. `setting.py` INSTALLD_APPS App
```python
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'blog',
]
```
3. pycharm **New Project** --> **more setting** App
#### Django
##### ORM
1. Object Relational Mapping (ORM ) : . () ()
2. ORM
1. Python
2. Python
3. Python
3. ORM
+ ORM , SQL , ..
4. ORM
+
##### DjangoOrm
+ Django App models
#####
1. MySQL
1.
```python
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'db_name',
'USER': 'user_name',
'PASSWORD': 'user_password',
'HOST': 'HOST_IP',
'PORT': 'mysql_port', # 3306
}
}
```
2. PyMySQL , `__init__.py`
```python
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_PyMySQLdb()
```
3. : Django 2.2.1 PyMySQL
1.
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 21, in
main()
File "manage.py", line 17, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 83, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\makemigrations.py", line 101, in handle
loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 283, in check_consistent_history
applied = recorder.applied_migrations()
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 73, in applied_migrations
if self.has_table():
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 56, in has_table
return self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor())
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 256, in cursor
return self._cursor()
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 233, in _cursor
self.ensure_connection()
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 197, in connect
self.init_connection_state()
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 231, in init_connection_state
if self.features.is_sql_auto_is_null_enabled:
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 80, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\features.py", line 82, in is_sql_auto_is_null_enabled
cursor.execute('SELECT @@SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL')
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 103, in execute
sql = self.db.ops.last_executed_query(self.cursor, sql, params)
File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\operations.py", line 146, in last_executed_query
query = query.decode(errors='replace')
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'
```
2. : `File "E:\Anaconda\envs\mydjango\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\operations.py", line 146, in last_executed_queryquery = query.decode(errors='replace')` decode ,python3 , encode
```python
def last_executed_query(self, cursor, sql, params):
# With MySQLdb, cursor objects have an (undocumented) "_executed"
# attribute where the exact query sent to the database is saved.
# See MySQLdb/cursors.py in the source distribution.
query = getattr(cursor, '_executed', None)
if query is not None:
query = query.encode(errors='replace') # decode ,python3 , encode
return query
```
3.
2. sqlite3
+
```python
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
```
3. ()
1. `python manage.py check` :
2. `python manage.py makemigrations app_name` :
3. `python manage.py migrate` :
4. Django
| | |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `models.CharField(max_length=32)` | , max_length |
| `models.IntergerField()` | |
| `models.FloatField()` | |
| `models.TextField()` | |
| `models.EmailField()` | |
| `models.DateField()` | () |
| `models.DateTimeField()` | () |
| `models.FileField(upload_to=file_dir)` | , ,, upload_to |
| `models.ImageField(upload_to=img_dir)` | , (),, upload_to |
| `` | |
+ ImageField
1. pillow : `pip install pillow`
2. `setting.py`
```python
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
```
5. Django
| | |
| -------------- | ---------------------------- |
| `verbose_name` | , |
| `default` | |
| `unique` | |
| `blank` | , |
| `null` | null |
| `max_length` | |
| `upload_to` | |
| `Auto_now` | |
6. Django ORM
1. Django ORM id
2. Django ORM ,, blank null
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