use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::cmp;
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use std::fmt;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
use std::ptr;
use std::slice;
use std::str;
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::str::Utf8Error;

use crate::CapacityError;
use crate::LenUint;
use crate::char::encode_utf8;
use crate::utils::MakeMaybeUninit;

#[cfg(feature="serde")]
use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize, Serializer, Deserializer};


/// A string with a fixed capacity.
///
/// The `ArrayString` is a string backed by a fixed size array. It keeps track
/// of its length, and is parameterized by `CAP` for the maximum capacity.
///
/// `CAP` is of type `usize` but is range limited to `u32::MAX`; attempting to create larger
/// arrayvecs with larger capacity will panic.
///
/// The string is a contiguous value that you can store directly on the stack
/// if needed.
#[derive(Copy)]
pub struct ArrayString {
    // the `len` first elements of the array are initialized
    xs: [MaybeUninit; CAP],
    len: LenUint,
}

impl Default for ArrayString
{
    /// Return an empty `ArrayString`
    fn default() -> ArrayString {
        ArrayString::new()
    }
}

impl ArrayString
{
    /// Create a new empty `ArrayString`.
    ///
    /// Capacity is inferred from the type parameter.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let mut string = ArrayString::::new();
    /// string.push_str("foo");
    /// assert_eq!(&string[..], "foo");
    /// assert_eq!(string.capacity(), 16);
    /// ```
    pub fn new() -> ArrayString {
        assert_capacity_limit!(CAP);
        unsafe {
            ArrayString { xs: MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init(), len: 0 }
        }
    }

    /// Create a new empty `ArrayString` (const fn).
    ///
    /// Capacity is inferred from the type parameter.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// static ARRAY: ArrayString = ArrayString::new_const();
    /// ```
    pub const fn new_const() -> ArrayString {
        assert_capacity_limit_const!(CAP);
        ArrayString { xs: MakeMaybeUninit::ARRAY, len: 0 }
    }

    /// Return the length of the string.
    #[inline]
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.len as usize }

    /// Returns whether the string is empty.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.len() == 0 }

    /// Create a new `ArrayString` from a `str`.
    ///
    /// Capacity is inferred from the type parameter.
    ///
    /// **Errors** if the backing array is not large enough to fit the string.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let mut string = ArrayString::::from("foo").unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(&string[..], "foo");
    /// assert_eq!(string.len(), 3);
    /// assert_eq!(string.capacity(), 3);
    /// ```
    pub fn from(s: &str) -> Result {
        let mut arraystr = Self::new();
        arraystr.try_push_str(s)?;
        Ok(arraystr)
    }

    /// Create a new `ArrayString` from a byte string literal.
    ///
    /// **Errors** if the byte string literal is not valid UTF-8.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let string = ArrayString::from_byte_string(b"hello world").unwrap();
    /// ```
    pub fn from_byte_string(b: &[u8; CAP]) -> Result {
        let len = str::from_utf8(b)?.len();
        debug_assert_eq!(len, CAP);
        let mut vec = Self::new();
        unsafe {
            (b as *const [u8; CAP] as *const [MaybeUninit; CAP])
                .copy_to_nonoverlapping(&mut vec.xs as *mut [MaybeUninit; CAP], 1);
            vec.set_len(CAP);
        }
        Ok(vec)
    }

    /// Return the capacity of the `ArrayString`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let string = ArrayString::::new();
    /// assert_eq!(string.capacity(), 3);
    /// ```
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize { CAP }

    /// Return if the `ArrayString` is completely filled.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let mut string = ArrayString::::new();
    /// assert!(!string.is_full());
    /// string.push_str("A");
    /// assert!(string.is_full());
    /// ```
    pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool { self.len() == self.capacity() }

    /// Adds the given char to the end of the string.
    ///
    /// ***Panics*** if the backing array is not large enough to fit the additional char.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let mut string = ArrayString::::new();
    ///
    /// string.push('a');
    /// string.push('b');
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(&string[..], "ab");
    /// ```
    pub fn push(&mut self, c: char) {
        self.try_push(c).unwrap();
    }

    /// Adds the given char to the end of the string.
    ///
    /// Returns `Ok` if the push succeeds.
    ///
    /// **Errors** if the backing array is not large enough to fit the additional char.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let mut string = ArrayString::::new();
    ///
    /// string.try_push('a').unwrap();
    /// string.try_push('b').unwrap();
    /// let overflow = string.try_push('c');
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(&string[..], "ab");
    /// assert_eq!(overflow.unwrap_err().element(), 'c');
    /// ```
    pub fn try_push(&mut self, c: char) -> Result {
        let len = self.len();
        unsafe {
            let ptr = self.as_mut_ptr().add(len);
            let remaining_cap = self.capacity() - len;
            match encode_utf8(c, ptr, remaining_cap) {
                Ok(n) => {
                    self.set_len(len + n);
                    Ok(())
                }
                Err(_) => Err(CapacityError::new(c)),
            }
        }
    }

    /// Adds the given string slice to the end of the string.
    ///
    /// ***Panics*** if the backing array is not large enough to fit the string.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let mut string = ArrayString::::new();
    ///
    /// string.push_str("a");
    /// string.push_str("d");
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(&string[..], "ad");
    /// ```
    pub fn push_str(&mut self, s: &str) {
        self.try_push_str(s).unwrap()
    }

    /// Adds the given string slice to the end of the string.
    ///
    /// Returns `Ok` if the push succeeds.
    ///
    /// **Errors** if the backing array is not large enough to fit the string.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use arrayvec::ArrayString;
    ///
    /// let mut string = ArrayString::::new();
    ///
    /// string.try_push_str("a").unwrap();
    /// let overflow1 = string.try_push_str("bc");
    /// string.try_push_str("d").unwrap();
    /// let overflow2 = string.try_push_str("ef");
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(&string[..], "ad");
    /// assert_eq!(overflow1.unwrap_err().element(), "bc");
    /// assert_eq!(overflow2.unwrap_err().element(), "ef");
    /// ```
    pub fn try_push_str Result char {
        let ch = match self[idx..].chars().next() {
            Some(ch) => ch,
            None => panic!("cannot remove a char from the end of a string"),
        };

        let next = idx + ch.len_utf8();
        let len = self.len();
        unsafe {
            ptr::copy(self.as_ptr().add(next),
                      self.as_mut_ptr().add(idx),
                      len - next);
            self.set_len(len - (next - idx));
        }
        ch
    }

    /// Make the string empty.
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        unsafe {
            self.set_len(0);
        }
    }

    /// Set the stringss length.
    ///
    /// This function is `unsafe` because it changes the notion of the
    /// number of valid bytes in the string. Use with care.
    ///
    /// This method uses *debug assertions* to check the validity of `length`
    /// and may use other debug assertions.
    pub unsafe fn set_len(&mut self, length: usize) {
        // type invariant that capacity always fits in LenUint
        debug_assert!(length  &str {
        self
    }

    /// Return a mutable string slice of the whole `ArrayString`.
    pub fn as_mut_str(&mut self) -> &mut str {
        self
    }

    fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8 {
        self.xs.as_ptr() as *const u8
    }

    fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut u8 {
        self.xs.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8
    }
}

impl Deref for ArrayString
{
    type Target = str;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &str {
        unsafe {
            let sl = slice::from_raw_parts(self.as_ptr(), self.len());
            str::from_utf8_unchecked(sl)
        }
    }
}

impl DerefMut for ArrayString
{
    #[inline]
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut str {
        unsafe {
            let len = self.len();
            let sl = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr(), len);
            str::from_utf8_unchecked_mut(sl)
        }
    }
}

impl PartialEq for ArrayString
{
    fn eq(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
        **self == **rhs
    }
}

impl PartialEq for ArrayString
{
    fn eq(&self, rhs: &str) -> bool {
        &**self == rhs
    }
}

impl PartialEq for str
{
    fn eq(&self, rhs: &ArrayString) -> bool {
        self == &**rhs
    }
}

impl Eq for ArrayString 
{ }

impl Hash for ArrayString
{
    fn hash(&self, h: &mut H) {
        (**self).hash(h)
    }
}

impl Borrow for ArrayString
{
    fn borrow(&self) -> &str { self }
}

impl AsRef for ArrayString
{
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &str { self }
}

impl fmt::Debug for ArrayString
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { (**self).fmt(f) }
}

impl fmt::Display for ArrayString
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { (**self).fmt(f) }
}

/// `Write` appends written data to the end of the string.
impl fmt::Write for ArrayString
{
    fn write_char(&mut self, c: char) -> fmt::Result {
        self.try_push(c).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)
    }

    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
        self.try_push_str(s).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)
    }
}

impl Clone for ArrayString
{
    fn clone(&self) -> ArrayString {
        *self
    }
    fn clone_from(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
        // guaranteed to fit due to types matching.
        self.clear();
        self.try_push_str(rhs).ok();
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for ArrayString
{
    fn partial_cmp(&self, rhs: &Self) -> Option {
        (**self).partial_cmp(&**rhs)
    }
    fn lt(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool { **self < **rhs }
    fn le(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool { **self  bool { **self > **rhs }
    fn ge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool { **self >= **rhs }
}

impl PartialOrd for ArrayString
{
    fn partial_cmp(&self, rhs: &str) -> Option {
        (**self).partial_cmp(rhs)
    }
    fn lt(&self, rhs: &str) -> bool { &**self < rhs }
    fn le(&self, rhs: &str) -> bool { &**self  bool { &**self > rhs }
    fn ge(&self, rhs: &str) -> bool { &**self >= rhs }
}

impl PartialOrd for str
{
    fn partial_cmp(&self, rhs: &ArrayString) -> Option {
        self.partial_cmp(&**rhs)
    }
    fn lt(&self, rhs: &ArrayString) -> bool { self < &**rhs }
    fn le(&self, rhs: &ArrayString) -> bool { self  bool { self > &**rhs }
    fn ge(&self, rhs: &ArrayString) -> bool { self >= &**rhs }
}

impl Ord for ArrayString
{
    fn cmp(&self, rhs: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
        (**self).cmp(&**rhs)
    }
}

impl FromStr for ArrayString
{
    type Err = CapacityError;

    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result {
        Self::from(s).map_err(CapacityError::simplify)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature="serde")]
/// Requires crate feature `"serde"`
impl Serialize for ArrayString
{
    fn serialize(&self, serializer: S) -> Result
        where S: Serializer
    {
        serializer.serialize_str(&*self)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature="serde")]
/// Requires crate feature `"serde"`
impl for ArrayString 
{
    fn deserialize(deserializer: D) -> Result
        where D: Deserializer Visitor TryFrom;

    fn try_from(f: &'a str) -> Result {
        let mut v = Self::new();
        v.try_push_str(f)?;
        Ok(v)
    }
}

impl> for ArrayString
{
    type Error = CapacityError;

    fn try_from(f: fmt::Arguments