# Linux
> `cd`, `ls`, `pwd`, `mkdir`, `rmdir`, `tree`, `touch`, `ln`, `rename`, `stat`, `file`, `chmod`, `chown`, `locate`, `find`, `cp`, `scp`, `mv`, `rm`
## 1. Linux
### 1.1. Linux
linux `/`
### 1.2. Linux
Linux Linux
Linux ll ls l
```bash
$ ls -l
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 14 2012 bin
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 19 2012 boot
```
bin `d` `d` Linux
Linux
- `d`
- `-`
- `l` (link file)
- `b` ()
- `c` ()
rwx `r` (read)`w` (write)`x` (execute) `-`
10
0-9
- 0
- 1-3
- 4-6
- 7-9
- 147 "r""-"
- 258 "w""-"
- 369 "x""-"
```bash
d rwx r-x r-x
- (x/-)
(w/-)
(r/-)
(x/-)
(w/-)
(r/-)
(x/-)
(w/-)
(r/-)
()
```
#### 1.2.1. Linux
```bash
$ ls -l
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 14 2012 bin
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 19 2012 boot
```
-
- Linux
-
- Linux
- bin root
## 2. Linux
### 2.1.
- - [cd](#cd)
- - [ls](#ls)
- - [pwd](#pwd)
- - [tree](#tree)
- - [mkdir](#mkdir)
- - [rmdir](#rmdir)
### 2.2.
- - [touch](#touch)
- - [ln](#ln)
- - [rename](#rename)
- - [stat](#stat)
- - [file](#file)
- - [chmod](#chmod)
- - [chown](#chown)
- - [locate](#locate)
- - [find](#find)
- - [which](#which)
- - [whereis](#whereis)
### 2.3.
- - [cp](#cp)
- - [scp](#scp)
- - [mv](#mv)
- - [rm](#rm)
## 3.
### 3.1. cd
> cd
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/cd
```bash
cd #
cd ~ #
cd - #
cd .. #
cd ../.. #
```
### 3.2. ls
> ls
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/ls
```bash
ls #
ls -l #
ls -la #
ls -lh #
ls -lt #
ls -ltr #
ls --color=auto #
```
### 3.3. pwd
> pwd
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/pwd
### 3.4. mkdir
> mkdir
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/mkdir
```bash
# zp zp test
mkdir -p zp/test
# zp zp test
mkdir -p -m 750 zp/test
```
### 3.5. rmdir
> rmdir
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/rmdir
```bash
# test zp
rmdir -p zp/test
```
### 3.6. tree
> tree
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/tree
```bash
# /private
tree /private -L 1
/private/
etc
tftpboot
tmp
var
#
tree -I node_modules # node_modules
tree -P node_modules # node_modules
tree -P node_modules -L 2 # node_modules
tree -L 2 > /home/www/tree.txt # tree.txt
#
tree -I 'node_modules|icon|font' -L 2
```
### 3.7. touch
> touch
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/touch
```
touch ex2
```
### 3.8. ln
> ln "-s"
>
>
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/ln
```bash
# /usr/mengqc/mub1 m2.c /usr/liu a2.c
cd /usr/mengqc
ln /mub1/m2.c /usr/liu/a2.c
# /usr/liu abc /usr/mengqc/mub1
# /usr/mengqc/mub1 /usr/liu/abc
ln -s /usr/mengqc/mub1 /usr/liu/abc
```
### 3.9. rename
> rename
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/rename
```bash
# main1.c main.c
rename main1.c main.c main1.c
rename "s/AA/aa/" * # AA aa
rename "s//.html//.php/" * # .html .php
rename "s/$//.txt/" * # txt
rename "s//.txt//" * # .txt .txt
```
### 3.10. stat
> stat stat ls
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/stat
```bash
stat myfile
```
### 3.11. file
> file file 3
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/file
```bash
file install.log #
file -b install.log #
file -i install.log # MIME
file -L /var/spool/mail #
```
### 3.12. chmod
> chmod UNIX 3 3 chmod
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/chmod
Linux (Group)otherLinux root `/etc/passwd``/etc/shadow` `/etc/group`
linux
```bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 user staff 651 Oct 12 12:53 .gitmodules
#
# 0
# g
# u
# `d` `-`
```
rwx rw- r--
r=// 4
w=// 2
x=// 1
```bash
chmod u+x,g+w f01# f01
chmod u=rwx,g=rw,o=r f01
chmod 764 f01
chmod a+x f01 # f01u,g,o
# /home/wwwroot/755
chmod -R 755 /home/wwwroot/*
```
### 3.13. chown
> chown D id
>
>
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/chown
```bash
# /usr/meng liu
chown -R liu /usr/meng
```
### 3.14. locate
> locate slocate
>
> locate find -name /var/lib/locatedbLinux locate locate updatedb
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/locate_slocate
```bash
locate pwd # pwd
locate /etc/sh # etc sh
```
### 3.15. find
> find find
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/find
```bash
# 140.206.111.111
find . -type f -name "*" | xargs grep "140.206.111.111"
#
find .
# /home .txt
find /home -name "*.txt"
#
find /home -iname "*.txt"
# .txt .pdf
find . -name "*.txt" -o -name "*.pdf"
#
find /usr/ -path "*local*"
#
find . -regex ".*\(\.txt\|\.pdf\)$"
#
find . -iregex ".*\(\.txt\|\.pdf\)$"
# /home .txt
find /home ! -name "*.txt"
```
### 3.16. cp
> cp cp
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/cp
#### 3.16.1.
- cp `-R`
-
```bash
# file /usr/men/tmp file1
cp file /usr/men/tmp/file1
# /usr/men /usr/zh
cp -r /usr/men /usr/zh
# /usr/men /usr/zh
cp -rf /usr/men/* /usr/zh
# /usr/men m .c /usr/zh
cp -i /usr/men m*.c /usr/zh
```
### 3.17. scp
> scp Linux cp cp scp read only system scp scp rsync rsync scp rsync I/O scp
```bash
#
scp @:
scp test.txt root@192.168.0.1:/opt
#
scp -r @:
scp -r test root@192.168.0.1:/opt
```
#### 3.17.1.
1 ssh
```
ssh-keygen -t rsa
```
2 A `\~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub` B `\~/.ssh/authorized_keys`
```bash
# A
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.2:~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.tmp
# B
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.tmp >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
rm ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.tmp
```
### 3.18. mv
> mv source target
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/mv
```bash
mv file1.txt /home/office/ #
mv file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt /home/office/ #
mv *.txt /home/office/ # txt
mv dir1/ /home/office/ #
mv /usr/men/* . #
mv file1.txt file2.txt #
mv dir1/ dir2/ #
mv -v *.txt /home/office #
mv -i file1.txt /home/office #
mv -uv *.txt /home/office #
mv -vn *.txt /home/office #
mv -f *.txt /home/office #
mv -bv *.txt /home/office #
```
### 3.19. rm
> rm
>
> http://man.linuxde.net/rm
```bash
rm test.txt #
rm -i test.txt test2.txt #
rm -r * #
rm -r testdir #
rm -rf testdir #
rm -v testdir #
```