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/* Error handling */

#include "Python.h"
#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_Audit()
#include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
#include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _PyFile_Flush
#include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_ERR()
#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_Format()
#include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
#include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
#include "pycore_structseq.h"     // _PyStructSequence_FiniBuiltin()
#include "pycore_traceback.h"     // _PyTraceBack_FromFrame()
#include "pycore_unicodeobject.h" // _PyUnicode_Equal()

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
#  include 
#  include 
#  include              // _sys_nerr
#endif


void
_PyErr_SetRaisedException(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc)
{
    PyObject *old_exc = tstate->current_exception;
    tstate->current_exception = exc;
    Py_XDECREF(old_exc);
}

static PyObject*
_PyErr_CreateException(PyObject *exception_type, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *exc;

    if (value == NULL || value == Py_None) {
        exc = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(exception_type);
    }
    else if (PyTuple_Check(value)) {
        exc = PyObject_Call(exception_type, value, NULL);
    }
    else {
        exc = PyObject_CallOneArg(exception_type, value);
    }

    if (exc != NULL && !PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "calling %R should have returned an instance of "
                     "BaseException, not %s",
                     exception_type, Py_TYPE(exc)->tp_name);
        Py_CLEAR(exc);
    }

    return exc;
}

void
_PyErr_Restore(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *type, PyObject *value,
               PyObject *traceback)
{
    if (type == NULL) {
        assert(value == NULL);
        assert(traceback == NULL);
        _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, NULL);
        return;
    }
    assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(type));
    if (value != NULL && type == (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(value)) {
        /* Already normalized */
#ifdef Py_DEBUG
        PyObject *tb = PyException_GetTraceback(value);
        assert(tb != Py_None);
        Py_XDECREF(tb);
#endif
    }
    else {
        PyObject *exc = _PyErr_CreateException(type, value);
        Py_XDECREF(value);
        if (exc == NULL) {
            Py_DECREF(type);
            Py_XDECREF(traceback);
            return;
        }
        value = exc;
    }
    assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(value));
    if (traceback != NULL) {
        if (PyException_SetTraceback(value, traceback) < 0) {
            Py_DECREF(traceback);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            Py_DECREF(type);
            return;
        }
        Py_DECREF(traceback);
    }
    _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, value);
    Py_DECREF(type);
}

void
PyErr_Restore(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *traceback)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_Restore(tstate, type, value, traceback);
}

void
PyErr_SetRaisedException(PyObject *exc)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
}

_PyErr_StackItem *
_PyErr_GetTopmostException(PyThreadState *tstate)
{
    _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
    assert(exc_info);

    while (exc_info->exc_value == NULL && exc_info->previous_item != NULL)
    {
        exc_info = exc_info->previous_item;
    }
    assert(!Py_IsNone(exc_info->exc_value));
    return exc_info;
}

static PyObject *
get_normalization_failure_note(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *args = PyObject_Repr(value);
    if (args == NULL) {
        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        args = PyUnicode_FromFormat("");
    }
    PyObject *note;
    const char *tpname = ((PyTypeObject*)exception)->tp_name;
    if (args == NULL) {
        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        note = PyUnicode_FromFormat("Normalization failed: type=%s", tpname);
    }
    else {
        note = PyUnicode_FromFormat("Normalization failed: type=%s args=%S",
                                    tpname, args);
        Py_DECREF(args);
    }
    return note;
}

void
_PyErr_SetObject(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *exc_value;
    PyObject *tb = NULL;

    if (exception != NULL &&
        !PyExceptionClass_Check(exception)) {
        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                      "_PyErr_SetObject: "
                      "exception %R is not a BaseException subclass",
                      exception);
        return;
    }
    /* Normalize the exception */
    int is_subclass = 0;
    if (value != NULL && PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
        is_subclass = PyObject_IsSubclass((PyObject *)Py_TYPE(value), exception);
        if (is_subclass < 0) {
            return;
        }
    }
    Py_XINCREF(value);
    if (!is_subclass) {
        /* We must normalize the value right now */

        /* Issue #23571: functions must not be called with an
            exception set */
        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);

        PyObject *fixed_value = _PyErr_CreateException(exception, value);
        if (fixed_value == NULL) {
            PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));

            PyObject *note = get_normalization_failure_note(tstate, exception, value);
            Py_XDECREF(value);
            if (note != NULL) {
                /* ignore errors in _PyException_AddNote - they will be overwritten below */
                _PyException_AddNote(exc, note);
                Py_DECREF(note);
            }
            _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
            return;
        }
        Py_XSETREF(value, fixed_value);
    }

    exc_value = _PyErr_GetTopmostException(tstate)->exc_value;
    if (exc_value != NULL && exc_value != Py_None) {
        /* Implicit exception chaining */
        Py_INCREF(exc_value);
        /* Avoid creating new reference cycles through the
           context chain, while taking care not to hang on
           pre-existing ones.
           This is O(chain length) but context chains are
           usually very short. Sensitive readers may try
           to inline the call to PyException_GetContext. */
        if (exc_value != value) {
            PyObject *o = exc_value, *context;
            PyObject *slow_o = o;  /* Floyd's cycle detection algo */
            int slow_update_toggle = 0;
            while ((context = PyException_GetContext(o))) {
                Py_DECREF(context);
                if (context == value) {
                    PyException_SetContext(o, NULL);
                    break;
                }
                o = context;
                if (o == slow_o) {
                    /* pre-existing cycle - all exceptions on the
                       path were visited and checked.  */
                    break;
                }
                if (slow_update_toggle) {
                    slow_o = PyException_GetContext(slow_o);
                    Py_DECREF(slow_o);
                }
                slow_update_toggle = !slow_update_toggle;
            }
            PyException_SetContext(value, exc_value);
        }
        else {
            Py_DECREF(exc_value);
        }
    }
    assert(value != NULL);
    if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(value))
        tb = PyException_GetTraceback(value);
    _PyErr_Restore(tstate, Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(value)), value, tb);
}

void
PyErr_SetObject(PyObject *exception, PyObject *value)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, exception, value);
}

/* Set a key error with the specified argument. This function should be used to
 * raise a KeyError with an argument instead of PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError,
 * arg) which has a special behavior. PyErr_SetObject() unpacks arg if it's a
 * tuple, and it uses arg instead of creating a new exception if arg is an
 * exception.
 *
 * If an exception is already set, override the exception. */
void
_PyErr_SetKeyError(PyObject *arg)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();

    // PyObject_CallOneArg() must not be called with an exception set,
    // otherwise _Py_CheckFunctionResult() can fail if the function returned
    // a result with an excception set.
    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);

    PyObject *exc = PyObject_CallOneArg(PyExc_KeyError, arg);
    if (!exc) {
        /* caller will expect error to be set anyway */
        return;
    }

    _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(exc), exc);
    Py_DECREF(exc);
}

void
_PyErr_SetNone(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception)
{
    _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, exception, (PyObject *)NULL);
}


void
PyErr_SetNone(PyObject *exception)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_SetNone(tstate, exception);
}


void
_PyErr_SetString(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception,
                 const char *string)
{
    PyObject *value = PyUnicode_FromString(string);
    if (value != NULL) {
        _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, exception, value);
        Py_DECREF(value);
    }
}

void
PyErr_SetString(PyObject *exception, const char *string)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, exception, string);
}

void
_PyErr_SetLocaleString(PyObject *exception, const char *string)
{
    PyObject *value = PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(string, "surrogateescape");
    if (value != NULL) {
        PyErr_SetObject(exception, value);
        Py_DECREF(value);
    }
}

PyObject* _Py_HOT_FUNCTION
PyErr_Occurred(void)
{
    /* The caller must hold a thread state. */
    _Py_AssertHoldsTstate();

    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    return _PyErr_Occurred(tstate);
}


int
PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *err, PyObject *exc)
{
    if (err == NULL || exc == NULL) {
        /* maybe caused by "import exceptions" that failed early on */
        return 0;
    }
    if (PyTuple_Check(exc)) {
        Py_ssize_t i, n;
        n = PyTuple_Size(exc);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            /* Test recursively */
             if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(
                 err, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(exc, i)))
             {
                 return 1;
             }
        }
        return 0;
    }
    /* err might be an instance, so check its class. */
    if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(err))
        err = PyExceptionInstance_Class(err);

    if (PyExceptionClass_Check(err) && PyExceptionClass_Check(exc)) {
        return PyType_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject *)err, (PyTypeObject *)exc);
    }

    return err == exc;
}


int
_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc)
{
    return PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate), exc);
}


int
PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyObject *exc)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    return _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, exc);
}


#ifndef Py_NORMALIZE_RECURSION_LIMIT
#define Py_NORMALIZE_RECURSION_LIMIT 32
#endif

/* Used in many places to normalize a raised exception, including in
   eval_code2(), do_raise(), and PyErr_Print()

   XXX: should PyErr_NormalizeException() also call
            PyException_SetTraceback() with the resulting value and tb?
*/
void
_PyErr_NormalizeException(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **exc,
                          PyObject **val, PyObject **tb)
{
    int recursion_depth = 0;
    tstate->recursion_headroom++;
    PyObject *type, *value, *initial_tb;

  restart:
    type = *exc;
    if (type == NULL) {
        /* There was no exception, so nothing to do. */
        tstate->recursion_headroom--;
        return;
    }

    value = *val;
    /* If PyErr_SetNone() was used, the value will have been actually
       set to NULL.
    */
    if (!value) {
        value = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
    }

    /* Normalize the exception so that if the type is a class, the
       value will be an instance.
    */
    if (PyExceptionClass_Check(type)) {
        PyObject *inclass = NULL;
        int is_subclass = 0;

        if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
            inclass = PyExceptionInstance_Class(value);
            is_subclass = PyObject_IsSubclass(inclass, type);
            if (is_subclass < 0) {
                goto error;
            }
        }

        /* If the value was not an instance, or is not an instance
           whose class is (or is derived from) type, then use the
           value as an argument to instantiation of the type
           class.
        */
        if (!is_subclass) {
            PyObject *fixed_value = _PyErr_CreateException(type, value);
            if (fixed_value == NULL) {
                goto error;
            }
            Py_SETREF(value, fixed_value);
        }
        /* If the class of the instance doesn't exactly match the
           class of the type, believe the instance.
        */
        else if (inclass != type) {
            Py_SETREF(type, Py_NewRef(inclass));
        }
    }
    *exc = type;
    *val = value;
    tstate->recursion_headroom--;
    return;

  error:
    Py_DECREF(type);
    Py_DECREF(value);
    recursion_depth++;
    if (recursion_depth == Py_NORMALIZE_RECURSION_LIMIT) {
        _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RecursionError,
                         "maximum recursion depth exceeded "
                         "while normalizing an exception");
    }
    /* If the new exception doesn't set a traceback and the old
       exception had a traceback, use the old traceback for the
       new exception.  It's better than nothing.
    */
    initial_tb = *tb;
    _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, exc, val, tb);
    assert(*exc != NULL);
    if (initial_tb != NULL) {
        if (*tb == NULL)
            *tb = initial_tb;
        else
            Py_DECREF(initial_tb);
    }
    /* Abort when Py_NORMALIZE_RECURSION_LIMIT has been exceeded, and the
       corresponding RecursionError could not be normalized, and the
       MemoryError raised when normalize this RecursionError could not be
       normalized. */
    if (recursion_depth >= Py_NORMALIZE_RECURSION_LIMIT + 2) {
        if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(*exc, PyExc_MemoryError)) {
            Py_FatalError("Cannot recover from MemoryErrors "
                          "while normalizing exceptions.");
        }
        else {
            Py_FatalError("Cannot recover from the recursive normalization "
                          "of an exception.");
        }
    }
    goto restart;
}


void
PyErr_NormalizeException(PyObject **exc, PyObject **val, PyObject **tb)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_NormalizeException(tstate, exc, val, tb);
}


PyObject *
_PyErr_GetRaisedException(PyThreadState *tstate) {
    PyObject *exc = tstate->current_exception;
    tstate->current_exception = NULL;
    return exc;
}

PyObject *
PyErr_GetRaisedException(void)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    return _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
}

void
_PyErr_Fetch(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **p_type, PyObject **p_value,
             PyObject **p_traceback)
{
    PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
    *p_value = exc;
    if (exc == NULL) {
        *p_type = NULL;
        *p_traceback = NULL;
    }
    else {
        *p_type = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(exc));
        *p_traceback = PyException_GetTraceback(exc);
    }
}


void
PyErr_Fetch(PyObject **p_type, PyObject **p_value, PyObject **p_traceback)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, p_type, p_value, p_traceback);
}


void
_PyErr_Clear(PyThreadState *tstate)
{
    _PyErr_Restore(tstate, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}


void
PyErr_Clear(void)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
}

static PyObject*
get_exc_type(PyObject *exc_value)  /* returns a strong ref */
{
    if (exc_value == NULL || exc_value == Py_None) {
        return Py_None;
    }
    else {
        assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));
        PyObject *type = PyExceptionInstance_Class(exc_value);
        assert(type != NULL);
        return Py_NewRef(type);
    }
}

static PyObject*
get_exc_traceback(PyObject *exc_value)  /* returns a strong ref */
{
    if (exc_value == NULL || exc_value == Py_None) {
        return Py_None;
    }
    else {
        assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));
        PyObject *tb = PyException_GetTraceback(exc_value);
        return tb ? tb : Py_None;
    }
}

void
_PyErr_GetExcInfo(PyThreadState *tstate,
                  PyObject **p_type, PyObject **p_value, PyObject **p_traceback)
{
    _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = _PyErr_GetTopmostException(tstate);

    *p_type = get_exc_type(exc_info->exc_value);
    *p_value = Py_XNewRef(exc_info->exc_value);
    *p_traceback = get_exc_traceback(exc_info->exc_value);
}

PyObject*
_PyErr_GetHandledException(PyThreadState *tstate)
{
    _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = _PyErr_GetTopmostException(tstate);
    PyObject *exc = exc_info->exc_value;
    if (exc == NULL || exc == Py_None) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return Py_NewRef(exc);
}

PyObject*
PyErr_GetHandledException(void)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    return _PyErr_GetHandledException(tstate);
}

void
_PyErr_SetHandledException(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc)
{
    Py_XSETREF(tstate->exc_info->exc_value, Py_XNewRef(exc == Py_None ? NULL : exc));
}

void
PyErr_SetHandledException(PyObject *exc)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_SetHandledException(tstate, exc);
}

void
PyErr_GetExcInfo(PyObject **p_type, PyObject **p_value, PyObject **p_traceback)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_GetExcInfo(tstate, p_type, p_value, p_traceback);
}

void
PyErr_SetExcInfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *traceback)
{
    PyErr_SetHandledException(value);
    Py_XDECREF(value);
    /* These args are no longer used, but we still need to steal a ref */
    Py_XDECREF(type);
    Py_XDECREF(traceback);
}


PyObject*
_PyErr_StackItemToExcInfoTuple(_PyErr_StackItem *err_info)
{
    PyObject *exc_value = err_info->exc_value;

    assert(exc_value == NULL ||
           exc_value == Py_None ||
           PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));

    PyObject *ret = PyTuple_New(3);
    if (ret == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    PyObject *exc_type = get_exc_type(exc_value);
    PyObject *exc_traceback = get_exc_traceback(exc_value);

    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(ret, 0, exc_type ? exc_type : Py_None);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(ret, 1, exc_value ? Py_NewRef(exc_value) : Py_None);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(ret, 2, exc_traceback ? exc_traceback : Py_None);

    return ret;
}


/* Like PyErr_Restore(), but if an exception is already set,
   set the context associated with it.

   The caller is responsible for ensuring that this call won't create
   any cycles in the exception context chain. */
void
_PyErr_ChainExceptions(PyObject *typ, PyObject *val, PyObject *tb)
{
    if (typ == NULL)
        return;

    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();

    if (!PyExceptionClass_Check(typ)) {
        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                      "_PyErr_ChainExceptions: "
                      "exception %R is not a BaseException subclass",
                      typ);
        return;
    }

    if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
        _PyErr_NormalizeException(tstate, &typ, &val, &tb);
        if (tb != NULL) {
            PyException_SetTraceback(val, tb);
            Py_DECREF(tb);
        }
        Py_DECREF(typ);
        PyObject *exc2 = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
        PyException_SetContext(exc2, val);
        _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc2);
    }
    else {
        _PyErr_Restore(tstate, typ, val, tb);
    }
}

/* Like PyErr_SetRaisedException(), but if an exception is already set,
   set the context associated with it.

   The caller is responsible for ensuring that this call won't create
   any cycles in the exception context chain. */
void
_PyErr_ChainExceptions1Tstate(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc)
{
    if (exc == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
        PyObject *exc2 = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
        PyException_SetContext(exc2, exc);
        _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc2);
    }
    else {
        _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
    }
}

void
_PyErr_ChainExceptions1(PyObject *exc)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_ChainExceptions1Tstate(tstate, exc);
}

/* If the current thread is handling an exception (exc_info is ), set this
   exception as the context of the current raised exception.

   This function can only be called when _PyErr_Occurred() is true.
   Also, this function won't create any cycles in the exception context
   chain to the extent that _PyErr_SetObject ensures this. */
void
_PyErr_ChainStackItem(void)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    assert(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));

    _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
    if (exc_info->exc_value == NULL || exc_info->exc_value == Py_None) {
        return;
    }

    PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);

    /* _PyErr_SetObject sets the context from PyThreadState. */
    _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(exc), exc);
    Py_DECREF(exc);  // since _PyErr_Occurred was true
}

static PyObject *
_PyErr_FormatVFromCause(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception,
                        const char *format, va_list vargs)
{
    assert(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
    PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
    _PyErr_FormatV(tstate, exception, format, vargs);
    PyObject *exc2 = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
    PyException_SetCause(exc2, Py_NewRef(exc));
    PyException_SetContext(exc2, Py_NewRef(exc));
    Py_DECREF(exc);
    _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc2);
    return NULL;
}

PyObject *
_PyErr_FormatFromCauseTstate(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception,
                             const char *format, ...)
{
    va_list vargs;
    va_start(vargs, format);
    _PyErr_FormatVFromCause(tstate, exception, format, vargs);
    va_end(vargs);
    return NULL;
}

PyObject *
_PyErr_FormatFromCause(PyObject *exception, const char *format, ...)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    va_list vargs;
    va_start(vargs, format);
    _PyErr_FormatVFromCause(tstate, exception, format, vargs);
    va_end(vargs);
    return NULL;
}

/* Convenience functions to set a type error exception and return 0 */

int
PyErr_BadArgument(void)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                     "bad argument type for built-in operation");
    return 0;
}

PyObject *
PyErr_NoMemory(void)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    return _PyErr_NoMemory(tstate);
}

PyObject *
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyObject *exc, PyObject *filenameObject)
{
    return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects(exc, filenameObject, NULL);
}

PyObject *
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects(PyObject *exc, PyObject *filenameObject, PyObject *filenameObject2)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    PyObject *message;
    PyObject *v, *args;
    int i = errno;
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
    WCHAR *s_buf = NULL;
#endif /* Unix/Windows */

#ifdef EINTR
    if (i == EINTR && PyErr_CheckSignals())
        return NULL;
#endif

#ifndef MS_WINDOWS
    if (i != 0) {
        const char *s = strerror(i);
        message = PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(s, "surrogateescape");
    }
    else {
        /* Sometimes errno didn't get set */
        message = PyUnicode_FromString("Error");
    }
#else
    if (i == 0)
        message = PyUnicode_FromString("Error"); /* Sometimes errno didn't get set */
    else
    {
        /* Note that the Win32 errors do not lineup with the
           errno error.  So if the error is in the MSVC error
           table, we use it, otherwise we assume it really _is_
           a Win32 error code
        */
        if (i > 0 && i < _sys_nerr) {
            message = PyUnicode_FromString(_sys_errlist[i]);
        }
        else {
            int len = FormatMessageW(
                FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
                FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
                NULL,                   /* no message source */
                i,
                MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL,
                           SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
                           /* Default language */
                (LPWSTR) &s_buf,
                0,                      /* size not used */
                NULL);                  /* no args */
            if (len==0) {
                /* Only ever seen this in out-of-mem
                   situations */
                s_buf = NULL;
                message = PyUnicode_FromFormat("Windows Error 0x%x", i);
            } else {
                /* remove trailing cr/lf and dots */
                while (len > 0 && (s_buf[len-1]  0 && (s_buf[len-1] = 0) {
        tmp = PyLong_FromLong(col_offset);
        if (tmp == NULL) {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }
    }
    if (PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(offset), tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
    }
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);

    tmp = NULL;
    if (end_lineno >= 0) {
        tmp = PyLong_FromLong(end_lineno);
        if (tmp == NULL) {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }
    }
    if (PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(end_lineno), tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
    }
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);

    tmp = NULL;
    if (end_col_offset >= 0) {
        tmp = PyLong_FromLong(end_col_offset);
        if (tmp == NULL) {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }
    }
    if (PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(end_offset), tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
    }
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);

    tmp = NULL;
    if (filename != NULL) {
        if (PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(filename), filename)) {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }

        tmp = PyErr_ProgramTextObject(filename, lineno);
        if (tmp) {
            if (PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(text), tmp)) {
                _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
            }
            Py_DECREF(tmp);
        }
        else {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }
    }
    if ((PyObject *)Py_TYPE(exc) != PyExc_SyntaxError) {
        int rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(exc, &_Py_ID(msg));
        if (rc < 0) {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }
        else if (!rc) {
            tmp = PyObject_Str(exc);
            if (tmp) {
                if (PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(msg), tmp)) {
                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                }
                Py_DECREF(tmp);
            }
            else {
                _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
            }
        }

        rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(exc, &_Py_ID(print_file_and_line));
        if (rc < 0) {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }
        else if (!rc) {
            if (PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(print_file_and_line), Py_None)) {
                _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
            }
        }
    }
    _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
}

void
PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset) {
    PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(filename, lineno, col_offset, lineno, -1);
}

void
PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
                                 int end_lineno, int end_col_offset) {
    PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(filename, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset);
}

void
PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx(const char *filename, int lineno, int col_offset)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
    PyObject *fileobj;
    if (filename != NULL) {
        fileobj = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename);
        if (fileobj == NULL) {
            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
        }
    }
    else {
        fileobj = NULL;
    }
    PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject(fileobj, lineno, col_offset);
    Py_XDECREF(fileobj);
}

/* Raises a SyntaxError.
 * If something goes wrong, a different exception may be raised.
 */
void
_PyErr_RaiseSyntaxError(PyObject *msg, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
                        int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
{
    PyObject *text = PyErr_ProgramTextObject(filename, lineno);
    if (text == NULL) {
        text = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
    }
    PyObject *args = Py_BuildValue("O(OiiOii)", msg, filename,
                                   lineno, col_offset, text,
                                   end_lineno, end_col_offset);
    if (args == NULL) {
        goto exit;
    }
    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_SyntaxError, args);
 exit:
    Py_DECREF(text);
    Py_XDECREF(args);
}

/* Emits a SyntaxWarning and returns 0 on success.
   If a SyntaxWarning is raised as error, replaces it with a SyntaxError
   and returns -1.
*/
int
_PyErr_EmitSyntaxWarning(PyObject *msg, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
                         int end_lineno, int end_col_offset,
                         PyObject *module)
{
    if (PyErr_WarnExplicitObject(PyExc_SyntaxWarning, msg, filename, lineno,
                                 module, NULL) < 0)
    {
        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SyntaxWarning)) {
            /* Replace the SyntaxWarning exception with a SyntaxError
               to get a more accurate error report */
            PyErr_Clear();
            _PyErr_RaiseSyntaxError(msg, filename, lineno, col_offset,
                                    end_lineno, end_col_offset);
        }
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Attempt to load the line of text that the exception refers to.  If it
   fails, it will return NULL but will not set an exception.

   XXX The functionality of this function is quite similar to the
   functionality in tb_displayline() in traceback.c. */

static PyObject *
err_programtext(FILE *fp, int lineno, const char* encoding)
{
    char linebuf[1000];
    size_t line_size = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < lineno; ) {
        line_size = 0;
        if (_Py_UniversalNewlineFgetsWithSize(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf),
                                              fp, NULL, &line_size) == NULL)
        {
            /* Error or EOF. */
            return NULL;
        }
        /* fgets read *something*; if it didn't fill the
           whole buffer, it must have found a newline
           or hit the end of the file; if the last character is \n,
           it obviously found a newline; else we haven't
           yet seen a newline, so must continue */
        if (i + 1 < lineno
            && line_size == sizeof(linebuf) - 1
            && linebuf[sizeof(linebuf) - 2] != '\n')
        {
            continue;
        }
        i++;
    }

    const char *line = linebuf;
    /* Skip BOM. */
    if (lineno == 1 && line_size >= 3 && memcmp(line, "\xef\xbb\xbf", 3) == 0) {
        line += 3;
        line_size -= 3;
    }
    PyObject *res = PyUnicode_Decode(line, line_size, encoding, "replace");
    if (res == NULL) {
        PyErr_Clear();
    }
    return res;
}

PyObject *
PyErr_ProgramText(const char *filename, int lineno)
{
    if (filename == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    PyObject *filename_obj = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename);
    if (filename_obj == NULL) {
        PyErr_Clear();
        return NULL;
    }
    PyObject *res = PyErr_ProgramTextObject(filename_obj, lineno);
    Py_DECREF(filename_obj);
    return res;
}

/* Function from Parser/tokenizer/file_tokenizer.c */
extern char* _PyTokenizer_FindEncodingFilename(int, PyObject *);

PyObject *
_PyErr_ProgramDecodedTextObject(PyObject *filename, int lineno, const char* encoding)
{
    char *found_encoding = NULL;
    if (filename == NULL || lineno 

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