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msgstr ""
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#: ../../using/mac.rst:6
msgid "Using Python on macOS"
msgstr "macOS "
#: ../../using/mac.rst:11
msgid ""
"This document aims to give an overview of macOS-specific behavior you "
"should know about to get started with Python on Mac computers. Python on "
"a Mac running macOS is very similar to Python on other Unix-derived "
"platforms, but there are some differences in installation and some "
"features."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:16
msgid ""
"There are various ways to obtain and install Python for macOS. Pre-built "
"versions of the most recent versions of Python are available from a "
"number of distributors. Much of this document describes use of the "
"Pythons provided by the CPython release team for download from the "
"`python.org website `_. See "
":ref:`alternative_bundles` for some other options."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:27
msgid "Using Python for macOS from ``python.org``"
msgstr "``python.org``\\ macOS "
#: ../../using/mac.rst:30
msgid "Installation steps"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:32
msgid ""
"For `current Python versions `_ (other"
" than those in ``security`` status), the release team produces a **Python"
" for macOS** installer package for each new release. A list of available "
"installers is available `here "
"`_. We recommend using the most "
"recent supported Python version where possible. Current installers "
"provide a `universal2 binary "
"`_ build of Python which "
"runs natively on all Macs (Apple Silicon and Intel) that are supported by"
" a wide range of macOS versions, currently typically from at least "
"**macOS 10.15 Catalina** on."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:44
msgid ""
"The downloaded file is a standard macOS installer package file "
"(``.pkg``). File integrity information (checksum, size, sigstore "
"signature, etc) for each file is included on the release download page. "
"Installer packages and their contents are signed and notarized with "
"``Python Software Foundation`` Apple Developer ID certificates to meet "
"`macOS Gatekeeper requirements `_."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:50
msgid ""
"For a default installation, double-click on the downloaded installer "
"package file. This should launch the standard macOS Installer app and "
"display the first of several installer windows steps."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:56
msgid ""
"Clicking on the **Continue** button brings up the **Read Me** for this "
"installer. Besides other important information, the **Read Me** documents"
" which Python version is going to be installed and on what versions of "
"macOS it is supported. You may need to scroll through to read the whole "
"file. By default, this **Read Me** will also be installed in "
"|applications_python_version_literal| and available to read anytime."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:64
msgid ""
"Clicking on **Continue** proceeds to display the license for Python and "
"for other included software. You will then need to **Agree** to the "
"license terms before proceeding to the next step. This license file will "
"also be installed and available to be read later."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:71
msgid ""
"After the license terms are accepted, the next step is the **Installation"
" Type** display. For most uses, the standard set of installation "
"operations is appropriate."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:76
msgid ""
"By pressing the **Customize** button, you can choose to omit or select "
"certain package components of the installer. Click on each package name "
"to see a description of what it installs. To also install support for the"
" optional free-threaded feature, see :ref:`install-freethreaded-macos`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:84
msgid ""
"In either case, clicking **Install** will begin the install process by "
"asking permission to install new software. A macOS user name with "
"``Administrator`` privilege is needed as the installed Python will be "
"available to all users of the Mac."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:88
msgid "When the installation is complete, the **Summary** window will appear."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:92
msgid ""
"Double-click on the :command:`Install Certificates.command` icon or file "
"in the |applications_python_version_literal| window to complete the "
"installation."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:98
msgid ""
"This will open a temporary :program:`Terminal` shell window that will use"
" the new Python to download and install SSL root certificates for its "
"use."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:104
msgid ""
"If ``Successfully installed certifi`` and ``update complete`` appears in "
"the terminal window, the installation is complete. Close this terminal "
"window and the installer window."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:108
msgid "A default install will include:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:110
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A |python_version_literal| folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In"
" here you find :program:`IDLE`, the development environment that is a "
"standard part of official Python distributions; and :program:`Python "
"Launcher`, which handles double-clicking Python scripts from the macOS "
"`Finder `_."
msgstr ""
" :file:`Applications` |usemac_applications_folder_name| . "
" : :program:`IDLE`, ; "
" :program:`Python Launcher`, macOS `Finder `_\\ ."
#: ../../using/mac.rst:115
msgid ""
"A framework :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`, which includes "
"the Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to "
"your shell path. To uninstall Python, you can remove these three things. "
"Symlinks to the Python executable are placed in :file:`/usr/local/bin/`."
msgstr ""
" "
":file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`. . "
" , . "
":file:`/usr/local/bin/`\\ ."
#: ../../using/mac.rst:122
msgid ""
"Recent versions of macOS include a :command:`python3` command in "
":file:`/usr/bin/python3` that links to a usually older and incomplete "
"version of Python provided by and for use by the Apple development tools,"
" :program:`Xcode` or the :program:`Command Line Tools for Xcode`. You "
"should never modify or attempt to delete this installation, as it is "
"Apple-controlled and is used by Apple-provided or third-party software. "
"If you choose to install a newer Python version from ``python.org``, you "
"will have two different but functional Python installations on your "
"computer that can co-exist. The default installer options should ensure "
"that its :command:`python3` will be used instead of the system "
":command:`python3`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:133
msgid "How to run a Python script"
msgstr " "
#: ../../using/mac.rst:135
msgid ""
"There are two ways to invoke the Python interpreter. If you are familiar "
"with using a Unix shell in a terminal window, you can invoke "
"|python_x_dot_y_literal| or ``python3`` optionally followed by one or "
"more command line options (described in :ref:`using-on-general`). The "
"Python tutorial also has a useful section on :ref:`using Python "
"interactively from a shell `."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:142
msgid ""
"You can also invoke the interpreter through an integrated development "
"environment. :ref:`idle` is a basic editor and interpreter environment "
"which is included with the standard distribution of Python. "
":program:`IDLE` includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python "
"documentation. If you are completely new to Python, you can read the "
"tutorial introduction in that document."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:150
msgid ""
"There are many other editors and IDEs available, see :ref:`editors` for "
"more information."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:153
msgid ""
"To run a Python script file from the terminal window, you can invoke the "
"interpreter with the name of the script file:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:156
#, fuzzy
msgid "|python_x_dot_y_literal| ``myscript.py``"
msgstr "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| ``myscript.py``"
#: ../../using/mac.rst:158
msgid "To run your script from the Finder, you can either:"
msgstr "Finder , :"
#: ../../using/mac.rst:160
msgid "Drag it to :program:`Python Launcher`."
msgstr " :program:`Python Launcher`\\ ."
#: ../../using/mac.rst:162
msgid ""
"Select :program:`Python Launcher` as the default application to open your"
" script (or any ``.py`` script) through the Finder Info window and "
"double-click it. :program:`Python Launcher` has various preferences to "
"control how your script is launched. Option-dragging allows you to change"
" these for one invocation, or use its ``Preferences`` menu to change "
"things globally."
msgstr ""
"Finder ( ``.py`` ) "
":program:`Python Launcher`\\ . :program:`Python "
"Launcher`\\ . Option- "
" , ``Preferences`` ."
#: ../../using/mac.rst:168
msgid ""
"Be aware that running the script directly from the macOS Finder might "
"produce different results than when running from a terminal window as the"
" script will not be run in the usual shell environment including any "
"setting of environment variables in shell profiles. And, as with any "
"other script or program, be certain of what you are about to run."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:178
msgid "Alternative Distributions"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:180
msgid ""
"Besides the standard ``python.org`` for macOS installer, there are third-"
"party distributions for macOS that may include additional functionality. "
"Some popular distributions and their key features:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:184
msgid "`ActivePython `_"
msgstr "`ActivePython `_"
#: ../../using/mac.rst:185
msgid "Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:187
msgid "`Anaconda `_"
msgstr "`Anaconda `_"
#: ../../using/mac.rst:188
msgid ""
"Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy, and pandas) and the "
"``conda`` package manager."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:191
msgid "`Homebrew `_"
msgstr "`Homebrew `_"
#: ../../using/mac.rst:192
msgid ""
"Package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python and many "
"third-party Python-based packages (including numpy, scipy, and pandas)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:195
msgid "`MacPorts `_"
msgstr "`MacPorts `_"
#: ../../using/mac.rst:196
msgid ""
"Another package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python "
"and many third-party Python-based packages. May include pre-built "
"versions of Python and many packages for older versions of macOS."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:200
msgid ""
"Note that distributions might not include the latest versions of Python "
"or other libraries, and are not maintained or supported by the core "
"Python team."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:206
msgid "Installing Additional Python Packages"
msgstr " "
#: ../../using/mac.rst:208
msgid "Refer to the `Python Packaging User Guide`_ for more information."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:218
msgid "GUI Programming"
msgstr "GUI "
#: ../../using/mac.rst:220
msgid ""
"There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with "
"Python."
msgstr "Mac GUI ."
#: ../../using/mac.rst:222
msgid ""
"The standard Python GUI toolkit is :mod:`tkinter`, based on the cross-"
"platform Tk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). A macOS-native version of Tk is"
" included with the installer."
msgstr ""
" GUI Tk (https://www.tcl.tk) "
":mod:`tkinter`\\. macOS Tk ."
#: ../../using/mac.rst:226
msgid ""
"*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework. "
"Information on PyObjC is available from :pypi:`pyobjc`."
msgstr ""
"*PyObjC*\\ Objective-C/Cocoa . PyObjC "
":pypi:`pyobjc` ."
#: ../../using/mac.rst:229
msgid "A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available including:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:231
msgid ""
"`PySide `_: Official Python bindings to "
"the `Qt GUI toolkit `_."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:234
msgid ""
"`PyQt `_: Alternative "
"Python bindings to Qt."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:237
msgid ""
"`Kivy `_: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports "
"desktop and mobile platforms."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:240
msgid ""
"`Toga `_: Part of the `BeeWare Project "
"`_; supports desktop, mobile, web and console apps."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:243
msgid ""
"`wxPython `_: A cross-platform toolkit that "
"supports desktop operating systems."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:248
msgid "Advanced Topics"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:253
msgid "Installing Free-threaded Binaries"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:257
msgid ""
"The ``python.org`` :ref:`Python for macOS ` installer package can optionally install an additional build "
"of Python |version| that supports :pep:`703`, the free-threading feature "
"(running with the :term:`global interpreter lock` disabled). Check the "
"release page on ``python.org`` for possible updated information."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:263
msgid ""
"The free-threaded mode is working and continues to be improved, but there"
" is some additional overhead in single-threaded workloads compared to the"
" regular build. Additionally, third-party packages, in particular ones "
"with an :term:`extension module`, may not be ready for use in a free-"
"threaded build, and will re-enable the :term:`GIL`. Therefore, the "
"support for free-threading is not installed by default. It is packaged as"
" a separate install option, available by clicking the **Customize** "
"button on the **Installation Type** step of the installer as described "
"above."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:275
msgid ""
"If the box next to the **Free-threaded Python** package name is checked, "
"a separate :file:`PythonT.framework` will also be installed alongside the"
" normal :file:`Python.framework` in :file:`/Library/Frameworks`. This "
"configuration allows a free-threaded Python |version| build to co-exist "
"on your system with a traditional (GIL only) Python |version| build with "
"minimal risk while installing or testing. This installation layout may "
"change in future releases."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:283
msgid "Known cautions and limitations:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:285
msgid ""
"The **UNIX command-line tools** package, which is selected by default, "
"will install links in :file:`/usr/local/bin` for "
"|python_x_dot_y_t_literal|, the free-threaded interpreter, and "
"|python_x_dot_y_t_literal_config|, a configuration utility which may be "
"useful for package builders. Since :file:`/usr/local/bin` is typically "
"included in your shell ``PATH``, in most cases no changes to your "
"``PATH`` environment variables should be needed to use "
"|python_x_dot_y_t_literal|."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:293
msgid ""
"For this release, the **Shell profile updater** package and the "
":file:`Update Shell Profile.command` in "
"|applications_python_version_literal| do not support the free-threaded "
"package."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:297
msgid ""
"The free-threaded build and the traditional build have separate search "
"paths and separate :file:`site-packages` directories so, by default, if "
"you need a package available in both builds, it may need to be installed "
"in both. The free-threaded package will install a separate instance of "
":program:`pip` for use with |python_x_dot_y_t_literal|."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:303
msgid "To install a package using :command:`pip` without a :command:`venv`:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:307
#, fuzzy
msgid "python\\ |version|\\ t -m pip install "
msgstr "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m pip install ``"
#: ../../using/mac.rst:309
msgid ""
"When working with multiple Python environments, it is usually safest and "
"easiest to :ref:`create and use virtual environments `. This "
"can avoid possible command name conflicts and confusion about which "
"Python is in use:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:315
msgid "python\\ |version|\\ t -m venv "
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:318
msgid "then :command:`activate`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:320
msgid "To run a free-threaded version of IDLE:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:324
msgid "python\\ |version|\\ t -m idlelib"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:327
msgid ""
"The interpreters in both builds respond to the same :ref:`PYTHON "
"environment variables ` which may have unexpected "
"results, for example, if you have ``PYTHONPATH`` set in a shell profile. "
"If necessary, there are :ref:`command line options ` like ``-E`` to ignore these environment variables."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:334
msgid ""
"The free-threaded build links to the third-party shared libraries, such "
"as ``OpenSSL`` and ``Tk``, installed in the traditional framework. This "
"means that both builds also share one set of trust certificates as "
"installed by the :command:`Install Certificates.command` script, thus it "
"only needs to be run once."
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:340
msgid ""
"If you cannot depend on the link in ``/usr/local/bin`` pointing to the "
"``python.org`` free-threaded |python_x_dot_y_t_literal| (for example, if "
"you want to install your own version there or some other distribution "
"does), you can explicitly set your shell ``PATH`` environment variable to"
" include the ``PythonT`` framework ``bin`` directory:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:348
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"export PATH=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/\\ "
"|version|\\ /bin\":\"$PATH\""
msgstr ""
"export "
"PATH=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/3.13/bin\":\"$PATH\""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:350
msgid ""
"The traditional framework installation by default does something similar,"
" except for :file:`Python.framework`. Be aware that having both framework"
" ``bin`` directories in ``PATH`` can lead to confusion if there are "
"duplicate names like |python_x_dot_y_literal| in both; which one is "
"actually used depends on the order they appear in ``PATH``. The ``which "
"python3.x`` or ``which python3.xt`` commands can show which path is being"
" used. Using virtual environments can help avoid such ambiguities. "
"Another option might be to create a shell :command:`alias` to the desired"
" interpreter, like:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:361
msgid ""
"alias py\\ |version|\\ "
"=\"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/\\ |version|\\ "
"/bin/python\\ |version|\\ \"\n"
"alias py\\ |version|\\ "
"t=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/\\ |version|\\ "
"/bin/python\\ |version|\\ t\""
msgstr ""
"alias py\\ |version|\\ "
"=\"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/\\ |version|\\ "
"/bin/python\\ |version|\\ \"\n"
"alias py\\ |version|\\ "
"t=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/\\ |version|\\ "
"/bin/python\\ |version|\\ t\""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:365
msgid "Installing using the command line"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:367
msgid ""
"If you want to use automation to install the ``python.org`` installer "
"package (rather than by using the familiar macOS :program:`Installer` GUI"
" app), the macOS command line :command:`installer` utility lets you "
"select non-default options, too. If you are not familiar with "
":command:`installer`, it can be somewhat cryptic (see :command:`man "
"installer` for more information). As an example, the following shell "
"snippet shows one way to do it, using the |x_dot_y_b2_literal| release "
"and selecting the free-threaded interpreter option:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../using/mac.rst:378
#, fuzzy, python-brace-format
msgid ""
"RELEASE=\"python-\\ |version|\\ 0b2-macos11.pkg\"\n"
"\n"
"# download installer pkg\n"
"curl -O \\https://www.python.org/ftp/python/\\ |version|\\ .0/${RELEASE}\n"
"\n"
"# create installer choicechanges to customize the install:\n"
"# enable the PythonTFramework-\\ |version|\\ package\n"
"# while accepting the other defaults (install all other packages)\n"
"cat > ./choicechanges.plist