using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;

using Python.Runtime.StateSerialization;

namespace Python.Runtime
{
    /// 
    /// Implements the "import hook" used to integrate Python with the CLR.
    /// 
    internal static class ImportHook
    {
#pragma warning disable CS8618 // Non-nullable field must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider declaring as nullable.
        // set in Initialize
        private static PyObject root;
        private static CLRModule clrModule;
        private static PyModule py_clr_module;
#pragma warning restore CS8618 // Non-nullable field must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider declaring as nullable.
        internal static BorrowedReference ClrModuleReference => py_clr_module.Reference;

        private const string LoaderCode = @"
import importlib.abc
import sys

class DotNetLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):

    @classmethod
    def exec_module(klass, mod):
        # This method needs to exist.
        pass

    @classmethod
    def create_module(klass, spec):
        import clr
        return clr._load_clr_module(spec)

class DotNetFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):

    @classmethod
    def find_spec(klass, fullname, paths=None, target=None): 
        # Don't import, we might call ourselves recursively!
        if 'clr' not in sys.modules:
            return None
        clr = sys.modules['clr']

        clr._add_pending_namespaces()

        if clr._available_namespaces and fullname in clr._available_namespaces:
            return importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec(fullname, DotNetLoader(), is_package=True)
        return None
            ";
        const string _available_namespaces = "_available_namespaces";

        /// 
        /// Initialization performed on startup of the Python runtime.
        /// 
        internal static unsafe void Initialize()
        {
            // Initialize the clr module and tell Python about it.
            root = CLRModule.Create(out clrModule).MoveToPyObject();

            // create a python module with the same methods as the clr module-like object
            py_clr_module = new PyModule(Runtime.PyModule_New("clr").StealOrThrow());

            // both dicts are borrowed references
            BorrowedReference mod_dict = Runtime.PyModule_GetDict(ClrModuleReference);
            using var clr_dict = Runtime.PyObject_GenericGetDict(root);

            Runtime.PyDict_Update(mod_dict, clr_dict.BorrowOrThrow());
            BorrowedReference dict = Runtime.PyImport_GetModuleDict();
            Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "CLR", ClrModuleReference);
            Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "clr", ClrModuleReference);
            SetupNamespaceTracking();
            SetupImportHook();
        }

        /// 
        /// Cleanup resources upon shutdown of the Python runtime.
        /// 
        internal static void Shutdown()
        {
            if (Runtime.Py_IsInitialized() == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            TeardownNameSpaceTracking();
            clrModule.ResetModuleMembers();
            Runtime.Py_CLEAR(ref py_clr_module!);

            root.Dispose();
            root = null!;
        }

        private static Dictionary GetDotNetModules()
        {
            BorrowedReference pyModules = Runtime.PyImport_GetModuleDict();
            using var items = Runtime.PyDict_Items(pyModules);
            nint length = Runtime.PyList_Size(items.BorrowOrThrow());
            Debug.Assert(length >= 0);
            var modules = new Dictionary();
            for (nint i = 0; i < length; i++)
            {
                BorrowedReference item = Runtime.PyList_GetItem(items.Borrow(), i);
                BorrowedReference name = Runtime.PyTuple_GetItem(item, 0);
                BorrowedReference module = Runtime.PyTuple_GetItem(item, 1);
                if (ManagedType.IsInstanceOfManagedType(module))
                {
                    modules.Add(new PyString(name), new PyObject(module));
                }
            }
            return modules;
        }
        internal static ImportHookState SaveRuntimeData()
        {
            return new()
            {
                PyCLRModule = py_clr_module,
                Root = new PyObject(root),
                Modules = GetDotNetModules(),
            };
        }

        private static void RestoreDotNetModules(Dictionary modules)
        {
            var pyMoudles = Runtime.PyImport_GetModuleDict();
            foreach (var item in modules)
            {
                var moduleName = item.Key;
                var module = item.Value;
                int res = Runtime.PyDict_SetItem(pyMoudles, moduleName, module);
                PythonException.ThrowIfIsNotZero(res);
                item.Key.Dispose();
                item.Value.Dispose();
            }
            modules.Clear();
        }
        internal static void RestoreRuntimeData(ImportHookState storage)
        {
            py_clr_module = storage.PyCLRModule;
            var rootHandle = storage.Root;
            root = new PyObject(rootHandle);
            clrModule = (CLRModule)ManagedType.GetManagedObject(rootHandle)!;
            BorrowedReference dict = Runtime.PyImport_GetModuleDict();
            Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "clr", ClrModuleReference);
            SetupNamespaceTracking();

            RestoreDotNetModules(storage.Modules);
        }

        static void SetupImportHook()
        {
            // Create the import hook module
            using var import_hook_module = Runtime.PyModule_New("clr.loader");
            BorrowedReference mod_dict = Runtime.PyModule_GetDict(import_hook_module.BorrowOrThrow());
            Debug.Assert(mod_dict != null);

            // Run the python code to create the module's classes.
            var builtins = Runtime.PyEval_GetBuiltins();
            var exec = Runtime.PyDict_GetItemString(builtins, "exec");
            using var args = Runtime.PyTuple_New(2);
            PythonException.ThrowIfIsNull(args);
            using var codeStr = Runtime.PyString_FromString(LoaderCode);
            Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(args.Borrow(), 0, codeStr.StealOrThrow());
            
            // reference not stolen due to overload incref'ing for us.
            Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(args.Borrow(), 1, mod_dict);
            Runtime.PyObject_Call(exec, args.Borrow(), default).Dispose();
            // Set as a sub-module of clr.
            if(Runtime.PyModule_AddObject(ClrModuleReference, "loader", import_hook_module.Steal()) != 0)
            {
                throw PythonException.ThrowLastAsClrException();
            }

            // Finally, add the hook to the meta path
            var findercls = Runtime.PyDict_GetItemString(mod_dict, "DotNetFinder");
            using var finderCtorArgs = Runtime.PyTuple_New(0);
            using var finder_inst = Runtime.PyObject_CallObject(findercls, finderCtorArgs.Borrow());
            var metapath = Runtime.PySys_GetObject("meta_path");
            PythonException.ThrowIfIsNotZero(Runtime.PyList_Append(metapath, finder_inst.BorrowOrThrow()));
        }

        /// 
        /// Sets up the tracking of loaded namespaces. This makes available to 
        /// Python, as a Python object, the loaded namespaces. The set of loaded
        /// namespaces is used during the import to verify if we can import a 
        /// CLR assembly as a module or not. The set is stored on the clr module.
        /// 
        static void SetupNamespaceTracking()
        {
            using var newset = Runtime.PySet_New(default);
            foreach (var ns in AssemblyManager.GetNamespaces())
            {
                using var pyNs = Runtime.PyString_FromString(ns);
                if (Runtime.PySet_Add(newset.Borrow(), pyNs.BorrowOrThrow()) != 0)
                {
                    throw PythonException.ThrowLastAsClrException();
                }
            }
            if (Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(clrModule.dict, _available_namespaces, newset.Borrow()) != 0)
            {
                throw PythonException.ThrowLastAsClrException();
            }
        }

        /// 
        /// Removes the set of available namespaces from the clr module.
        /// 
        static void TeardownNameSpaceTracking()
        {
            // If the C# runtime isn't loaded, then there are no namespaces available
            Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(clrModule.dict, _available_namespaces, Runtime.PyNone);
        }

        static readonly ConcurrentQueue addPending = new();
        public static void AddNamespace(string name) => addPending.Enqueue(name);

        internal static int AddPendingNamespaces()
        {
            int added = 0;
            while (addPending.TryDequeue(out string ns))
            {
                AddNamespaceWithGIL(ns);
                added++;
            }
            return added;
        }

        internal static void AddNamespaceWithGIL(string name)
        {
            using var pyNs = Runtime.PyString_FromString(name);
            var nsSet = Runtime.PyDict_GetItemString(clrModule.dict, _available_namespaces);
            if (!(nsSet.IsNull  || nsSet == Runtime.PyNone))
            {
                if (Runtime.PySet_Add(nsSet, pyNs.BorrowOrThrow()) != 0)
                {
                    throw PythonException.ThrowLastAsClrException();
                }
            }
        }


        /// 
        /// Because we use a proxy module for the clr module, we somtimes need
        /// to force the py_clr_module to sync with the actual clr module's dict.
        /// 
        internal static void UpdateCLRModuleDict()
        {
            clrModule.InitializePreload();

            // update the module dictionary with the contents of the root dictionary
            clrModule.LoadNames();
            BorrowedReference py_mod_dict = Runtime.PyModule_GetDict(ClrModuleReference);
            using var clr_dict = Runtime.PyObject_GenericGetDict(root);
            Runtime.PyDict_Update(py_mod_dict, clr_dict.BorrowOrThrow());
        }

        /// 
        /// Return the clr python module (new reference)
        /// 
        public static unsafe NewReference GetCLRModule()
        {
            UpdateCLRModuleDict();
            return new NewReference(py_clr_module);
        }

        /// 
        /// The hook to import a CLR module into Python. Returns a new reference
        /// to the module.
        /// 
        public static PyObject Import(string modname)
        {
            // Traverse the qualified module name to get the named module. 
            // Note that if
            // we are running in interactive mode we pre-load the names in
            // each module, which is often useful for introspection. If we
            // are not interactive, we stick to just-in-time creation of
            // objects at lookup time, which is much more efficient.
            // NEW: The clr got a new module variable preload. You can
            // enable preloading in a non-interactive python processing by
            // setting clr.preload = True

            ModuleObject? head = null;
            ModuleObject tail = clrModule;
            clrModule.InitializePreload();

            string[] names = modname.Split('.');
            foreach (string name in names)
            {
                using var nested = tail.GetAttribute(name, true);
                if (nested.IsNull() || ManagedType.GetManagedObject(nested.Borrow()) is not ModuleObject module)
                {
                    Exceptions.SetError(Exceptions.ImportError, $"'{name}' Is not a ModuleObject.");
                    throw PythonException.ThrowLastAsClrException();
                }
                if (head == null)
                {
                    head = module;
                }
                tail = module;
                if (CLRModule.preload)
                {
                    tail.LoadNames();
                }
            }
            return tail.Alloc().MoveToPyObject();
        }
    }
}