@@ -52,7 +52,28 @@ function normalizeMessages(
 ): ModelMessage[] {
   // Anthropic rejects messages with empty content - filter out empty string messages
   // and remove empty text/reasoning parts from array content
-  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic" || model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock") {
+  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") {
+    msgs = msgs
+      .map((msg) => {
+        if (typeof msg.content === "string") {
+          if (msg.content === "") return undefined
+          return msg
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(msg.content)) return msg
+        const filtered = msg.content.filter((part) => {
+          if (part.type === "text" || part.type === "reasoning") {
+            return part.text !== ""
+          }
+          return true
+        })
+        if (filtered.length === 0) return undefined
+        return { ...msg, content: filtered }
+      })
+      .filter((msg): msg is ModelMessage => msg !== undefined && msg.content !== "")
+  }
+
+  // Bedrock specific transforms
+  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock") {
     msgs = msgs
       .map((msg) => {
         if (typeof msg.content === "string") {