python-github-backup/github_backup/github_backup.py at master · AUGUSTDzw/python-github-backup · GitHub

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#!/usr/bin/env python

from __future__ import print_function

import argparse

import base64

import calendar

import codecs

import errno

import getpass

import json

import logging

import os

import platform

import re

import select

import socket

import ssl

import subprocess

import sys

import time

from datetime import datetime

from http.client import IncompleteRead

from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError

from urllib.parse import quote as urlquote

from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse

from urllib.request import HTTPRedirectHandler, Request, build_opener, urlopen

try:

from . import __version__

VERSION = __version__

except ImportError:

VERSION = "unknown"

FNULL = open(os.devnull, "w")

FILE_URI_PREFIX = "file://"

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

https_ctx = ssl.create_default_context()

if not https_ctx.get_ca_certs():

import warnings

warnings.warn(

"\n\nYOUR DEFAULT CA CERTS ARE EMPTY.\n"

+ "PLEASE POPULATE ANY OF:"

+ "".join(

["\n - " + x for x in ssl.get_default_verify_paths() if type(x) is str]

)

+ "\n",

stacklevel=2,

)

import certifi

https_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())

def logging_subprocess(

popenargs, stdout_log_level=logging.DEBUG, stderr_log_level=logging.ERROR, **kwargs

"""

Variant of subprocess.call that accepts a logger instead of stdout/stderr,

and logs stdout messages via logger.debug and stderr messages via

logger.error.

"""

child = subprocess.Popen(

popenargs, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, **kwargs

)

if sys.platform == "win32":

logger.info(

"Windows operating system detected - no subprocess logging will be returned"

)

log_level = {child.stdout: stdout_log_level, child.stderr: stderr_log_level}

def check_io():

if sys.platform == "win32":

return

ready_to_read = select.select([child.stdout, child.stderr], [], [], 1000)[0]

for io in ready_to_read:

line = io.readline()

if not logger:

continue

if not (io == child.stderr and not line):

logger.log(log_level[io], line[:-1])

# keep checking stdout/stderr until the child exits

while child.poll() is None:

check_io()

check_io() # check again to catch anything after the process exits

rc = child.wait()

if rc != 0:

print("{} returned {}:".format(popenargs[0], rc), file=sys.stderr)

print("\t", " ".join(popenargs), file=sys.stderr)

return rc

def mkdir_p(*args):

for path in args:

try:

os.makedirs(path)

except OSError as exc: # Python >2.5

if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):

pass

else:

raise

def mask_password(url, secret="*****"):

parsed = urlparse(url)

if not parsed.password:

return url

elif parsed.password == "x-oauth-basic":

return url.replace(parsed.username, secret)

return url.replace(parsed.password, secret)

def parse_args(args=None):

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Backup a github account")

parser.add_argument("user", metavar="USER", type=str, help="github username")

parser.add_argument(

"-u", "--username", dest="username", help="username for basic auth"

)

parser.add_argument(

"-p",

"--password",

dest="password",

help="password for basic auth. "

"If a username is given but not a password, the "

"password will be prompted for.",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-t",

"--token",

dest="token_classic",

help="personal access, OAuth, or JSON Web token, or path to token (file://...)",

) # noqa

parser.add_argument(

"-f",

"--token-fine",

dest="token_fine",

help="fine-grained personal access token (github_pat_....), or path to token (file://...)",

) # noqa

parser.add_argument(

"-q",

"--quiet",

action="store_true",

dest="quiet",

help="supress log messages less severe than warning, e.g. info",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--as-app",

action="store_true",

dest="as_app",

help="authenticate as github app instead of as a user.",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-o",

"--output-directory",

default=".",

dest="output_directory",

help="directory at which to backup the repositories",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-l",

"--log-level",

default="info",

dest="log_level",

help="log level to use (default: info, possible levels: debug, info, warning, error, critical)",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-i",

"--incremental",

action="store_true",

dest="incremental",

help="incremental backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--incremental-by-files",

action="store_true",

dest="incremental_by_files",

help="incremental backup based on modification date of files",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--starred",

action="store_true",

dest="include_starred",

help="include JSON output of starred repositories in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--all-starred",

action="store_true",

dest="all_starred",

help="include starred repositories in backup [*]",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--watched",

action="store_true",

dest="include_watched",

help="include JSON output of watched repositories in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--followers",

action="store_true",

dest="include_followers",

help="include JSON output of followers in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--following",

action="store_true",

dest="include_following",

help="include JSON output of following users in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--all",

action="store_true",

dest="include_everything",

help="include everything in backup (not including [*])",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--issues",

action="store_true",

dest="include_issues",

help="include issues in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--issue-comments",

action="store_true",

dest="include_issue_comments",

help="include issue comments in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--issue-events",

action="store_true",

dest="include_issue_events",

help="include issue events in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--pulls",

action="store_true",

dest="include_pulls",

help="include pull requests in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--pull-comments",

action="store_true",

dest="include_pull_comments",

help="include pull request review comments in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--pull-commits",

action="store_true",

dest="include_pull_commits",

help="include pull request commits in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--pull-details",

action="store_true",

dest="include_pull_details",

help="include more pull request details in backup [*]",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--labels",

action="store_true",

dest="include_labels",

help="include labels in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--hooks",

action="store_true",

dest="include_hooks",

help="include hooks in backup (works only when authenticated)",

) # noqa

parser.add_argument(

"--milestones",

action="store_true",

dest="include_milestones",

help="include milestones in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--repositories",

action="store_true",

dest="include_repository",

help="include repository clone in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--bare", action="store_true", dest="bare_clone", help="clone bare repositories"

)

parser.add_argument(

"--no-prune",

action="store_true",

dest="no_prune",

help="disable prune option for git fetch",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--lfs",

action="store_true",

dest="lfs_clone",

help="clone LFS repositories (requires Git LFS to be installed, https://git-lfs.github.com) [*]",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--wikis",

action="store_true",

dest="include_wiki",

help="include wiki clone in backup",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--gists",

action="store_true",

dest="include_gists",

help="include gists in backup [*]",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--starred-gists",

action="store_true",

dest="include_starred_gists",

help="include starred gists in backup [*]",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--skip-archived",

action="store_true",

dest="skip_archived",

help="skip project if it is archived",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--skip-existing",

action="store_true",

dest="skip_existing",

help="skip project if a backup directory exists",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-L",

"--languages",

dest="languages",

help="only allow these languages",

nargs="*",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-N",

"--name-regex",

dest="name_regex",

help="python regex to match names against",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-H", "--github-host", dest="github_host", help="GitHub Enterprise hostname"

)

parser.add_argument(

"-O",

"--organization",

action="store_true",

dest="organization",

help="whether or not this is an organization user",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-R",

"--repository",

dest="repository",

help="name of repository to limit backup to",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-P",

"--private",

action="store_true",

dest="private",

help="include private repositories [*]",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-F",

"--fork",

action="store_true",

dest="fork",

help="include forked repositories [*]",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--prefer-ssh",

action="store_true",

help="Clone repositories using SSH instead of HTTPS",

)

parser.add_argument(

"-v", "--version", action="version", version="%(prog)s " + VERSION

)

parser.add_argument(

"--keychain-name",

dest="osx_keychain_item_name",

help="OSX ONLY: name field of password item in OSX keychain that holds the personal access or OAuth token",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--keychain-account",

dest="osx_keychain_item_account",

help="OSX ONLY: account field of password item in OSX keychain that holds the personal access or OAuth token",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--releases",

action="store_true",

dest="include_releases",

help="include release information, not including assets or binaries",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--latest-releases",

type=int,

default=0,

dest="number_of_latest_releases",

help="include certain number of the latest releases; only applies if including releases",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--skip-prerelease",

action="store_true",

dest="skip_prerelease",

help="skip prerelease and draft versions; only applies if including releases",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--assets",

action="store_true",

dest="include_assets",

help="include assets alongside release information; only applies if including releases",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--throttle-limit",

dest="throttle_limit",

type=int,

default=0,

help="start throttling of GitHub API requests after this amount of API requests remain",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--throttle-pause",

dest="throttle_pause",

type=float,

default=30.0,

help="wait this amount of seconds when API request throttling is active (default: 30.0, requires --throttle-limit to be set)",

)

parser.add_argument(

"--exclude", dest="exclude", help="names of repositories to exclude", nargs="*"

)

return parser.parse_args(args)

def get_auth(args, encode=True, for_git_cli=False):

auth = None

if args.osx_keychain_item_name:

if not args.osx_keychain_item_account:

raise Exception(

"You must specify both name and account fields for osx keychain password items"

)

else:

if platform.system() != "Darwin":

raise Exception("Keychain arguments are only supported on Mac OSX")

try:

with open(os.devnull, "w") as devnull:

token = subprocess.check_output(

[

"security",

"find-generic-password",

"-s",

args.osx_keychain_item_name,

"-a",

args.osx_keychain_item_account,

"-w",

stderr=devnull,

).strip()

token = token.decode("utf-8")

auth = token + ":" + "x-oauth-basic"

except subprocess.SubprocessError:

raise Exception(

"No password item matching the provided name and account could be found in the osx keychain."

)

elif args.osx_keychain_item_account:

raise Exception(

"You must specify both name and account fields for osx keychain password items"

)

elif args.token_fine:

if args.token_fine.startswith(FILE_URI_PREFIX):

args.token_fine = read_file_contents(args.token_fine)

if args.token_fine.startswith("github_pat_"):

auth = args.token_fine

else:

raise Exception(

"Fine-grained token supplied does not look like a GitHub PAT"

)

elif args.token_classic:

if args.token_classic.startswith(FILE_URI_PREFIX):

args.token_classic = read_file_contents(args.token_classic)

if not args.as_app:

auth = args.token_classic + ":" + "x-oauth-basic"

else:

if not for_git_cli:

auth = args.token_classic

else:

auth = "x-access-token:" + args.token_classic

elif args.username:

if not args.password:

args.password = getpass.getpass()

if encode:

password = args.password

else:

password = urlquote(args.password)

auth = args.username + ":" + password

elif args.password:

raise Exception("You must specify a username for basic auth")

if not auth:

return None

if not encode or args.token_fine is not None:

return auth

return base64.b64encode(auth.encode("ascii"))

def get_github_api_host(args):

if args.github_host:

host = args.github_host + "/api/v3"

else:

host = "api.github.com"

return host

def get_github_host(args):

if args.github_host:

host = args.github_host

else:

host = "github.com"

return host

def read_file_contents(file_uri):

return open(file_uri[len(FILE_URI_PREFIX) :], "rt").readline().strip()

def get_github_repo_url(args, repository):

if repository.get("is_gist"):

if args.prefer_ssh:

# The git_pull_url value is always https for gists, so we need to transform it to ssh form

repo_url = re.sub(

r"^https?:\/\/(.+)\/(.+)\.git$",

r"git@\1:\2.git",

repository["git_pull_url"],

)

repo_url = re.sub(

r"^git@gist\.", "git@", repo_url

) # strip gist subdomain for better hostkey compatibility

else:

repo_url = repository["git_pull_url"]

return repo_url

if args.prefer_ssh:

return repository["ssh_url"]

auth = get_auth(args, encode=False, for_git_cli=True)

if auth:

repo_url = "https://{0}@{1}/{2}/{3}.git".format(

auth if args.token_fine is None else "oauth2:" + auth,

get_github_host(args),

repository["owner"]["login"],

repository["name"],

)

else:

repo_url = repository["clone_url"]

return repo_url

def retrieve_data_gen(args, template, query_args=None, single_request=False):

auth = get_auth(args, encode=not args.as_app)

query_args = get_query_args(query_args)

per_page = 100

page = 0

while True:

if single_request:

request_page, request_per_page = None, None

else:

page = page + 1

request_page, request_per_page = page, per_page

request = _construct_request(

request_per_page,

request_page,

query_args,

template,

auth,

as_app=args.as_app,

fine=True if args.token_fine is not None else False,

) # noqa

r, errors = _get_response(request, auth, template)

status_code = int(r.getcode())

# Check if we got correct data

try:

response = json.loads(r.read().decode("utf-8"))

except IncompleteRead:

logger.warning("Incomplete read error detected")

read_error = True

except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:

logger.warning("JSON decode error detected")

read_error = True

except TimeoutError:

logger.warning("Tiemout error detected")

read_error = True

else:

read_error = False

# be gentle with API request limit and throttle requests if remaining requests getting low

limit_remaining = int(r.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining", 0))

if args.throttle_limit and limit_remaining <= args.throttle_limit:

logger.info(

"API request limit hit: {} requests left, pausing further requests for {}s".format(

limit_remaining, args.throttle_pause

)

time.sleep(args.throttle_pause)

retries = 0

while retries < 3 and (status_code == 502 or read_error):

logger.warning("API request failed. Retrying in 5 seconds")

retries += 1

time.sleep(5)

request = _construct_request(

per_page,

page,

query_args,

template,

auth,

as_app=args.as_app,

fine=True if args.token_fine is not None else False,

) # noqa

r, errors = _get_response(request, auth, template)

status_code = int(r.getcode())

try:

response = json.loads(r.read().decode("utf-8"))

read_error = False

except IncompleteRead:

logger.warning("Incomplete read error detected")

read_error = True

except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:

logger.warning("JSON decode error detected")

read_error = True

except TimeoutError:

logger.warning("Tiemout error detected")

read_error = True

if status_code != 200:

template = "API request returned HTTP {0}: {1}"

errors.append(template.format(status_code, r.reason))

raise Exception(", ".join(errors))

if read_error:

template = "API request problem reading response for {0}"

errors.append(template.format(request))

raise Exception(", ".join(errors))

if len(errors) == 0:

if type(response) is list:

for resp in response:

yield resp

if len(response) < per_page:

break

elif type(response) is dict and single_request:

yield response

if len(errors) > 0:

raise Exception(", ".join(errors))

if single_request:

break

def retrieve_data(args, template, query_args=None, single_request=False):

return list(retrieve_data_gen(args, template, query_args, single_request))

def get_query_args(query_args=None):

if not query_args:

query_args = {}

return query_args

def _get_response(request, auth, template):

retry_timeout = 3

errors = []

# We'll make requests in a loop so we can

# delay and retry in the case of rate-limiting

while True:

should_continue = False

try:

r = urlopen(request, context=https_ctx)

except HTTPError as exc:

errors, should_continue = _request_http_error(exc, auth, errors) # noqa

r = exc

except URLError as e:

logger.warning(e.reason)

should_continue, retry_timeout = _request_url_error(template, retry_timeout)

if not should_continue:

raise

except socket.error as e:

logger.warning(e.strerror)

should_continue, retry_timeout = _request_url_error(template, retry_timeout)

if not should_continue:

raise

if should_continue:

continue

break

return r, errors

def _construct_request(

per_page, page, query_args, template, auth, as_app=None, fine=False

all_query_args = {}

if per_page:

all_query_args["per_page"] = per_page

if page:

all_query_args["page"] = page

if query_args:

all_query_args.update(query_args)

request_url = template

if all_query_args:

querystring = urlencode(all_query_args)

request_url = template + "?" + querystring

else:

querystring = ""

request = Request(request_url)

if auth is not None:

if not as_app:

if fine:

request.add_header("Authorization", "token " + auth)

else:

request.add_header("Authorization", "Basic ".encode("ascii") + auth)

else:

auth = auth.encode("ascii")

request.add_header("Authorization", "token ".encode("ascii") + auth)

request.add_header(

"Accept", "application/vnd.github.machine-man-preview+json"

)

log_url = template

if querystring:

log_url += "?" + querystring

logger.info("Requesting {}".format(log_url))

return request

def _request_http_error(exc, auth, errors):

# HTTPError behaves like a Response so we can

# check the status code and headers to see exactly

# what failed.

should_continue = False

headers = exc.headers

limit_remaining = int(headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining", 0))

if exc.code == 403 and limit_remaining < 1:

# The X-RateLimit-Reset header includes a

# timestamp telling us when the limit will reset

# so we can calculate how long to wait rather

# than inefficiently polling:

gm_now = calendar.timegm(time.gmtime())

reset = int(headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0)) or gm_now

# We'll never sleep for less than 10 seconds:

delta = max(10, reset - gm_now)

limit = headers.get("x-ratelimit-limit")

logger.warning(

"Exceeded rate limit of {} requests; waiting {} seconds to reset".format(

limit, delta

)

) # noqa

if auth is None:

logger.info("Hint: Authenticate to raise your GitHub rate limit")

time.sleep(delta)

should_continue = True

return errors, should_continue

def _request_url_error(template, retry_timeout):

# In case of a connection timing out, we can retry a few time

# But we won't crash and not back-up the rest now

logger.info("'{}' timed out".format(template))

retry_timeout -= 1

if retry_timeout >= 0:

return True, retry_timeout

raise Exception("'{}' timed out to much, skipping!".format(template))

class S3HTTPRedirectHandler(HTTPRedirectHandler):

"""

A subclassed redirect handler for downloading Github assets from S3.

urllib will add the Authorization header to the redirected request to S3, which will result in a 400,

so we should remove said header on redirect.

"""

def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):

request = super(S3HTTPRedirectHandler, self).redirect_request(

req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl

)

del request.headers["Authorization"]

return request

def download_file(url, path, auth, as_app=False, fine=False):

# Skip downloading release assets if they already exist on disk so we don't redownload on every sync

if os.path.exists(path):

return

request = _construct_request(

per_page=100,

page=1,

query_args={},

template=url,

auth=auth,

as_app=as_app,

fine=fine,

)

request.add_header("Accept", "application/octet-stream")

opener = build_opener(S3HTTPRedirectHandler)

try:

response = opener.open(request)

chunk_size = 16 * 1024

with open(path, "wb") as f:

while True:

chunk = response.read(chunk_size)

if not chunk:

break

f.write(chunk)

except HTTPError as exc:

# Gracefully handle 404 responses (and others) when downloading from S3

logger.warning(

"Skipping download of asset {0} due to HTTPError: {1}".format(

url, exc.reason

)

except URLError as e:

# Gracefully handle other URL errors

logger.warning(

"Skipping download of asset {0} due to URLError: {1}".format(url, e.reason)

)

except socket.error as e:

# Gracefully handle socket errors

# TODO: Implement retry logic

logger.warning(

"Skipping download of asset {0} due to socker error: {1}".format(

url, e.strerror

)

def get_authenticated_user(args):

template = "https://{0}/user".format(get_github_api_host(args))

data = retrieve_data(args, template, single_request=True)

return data[0]

def check_git_lfs_install():

exit_code = subprocess.call(["git", "lfs", "version"])

if exit_code != 0:

raise Exception(

"The argument --lfs requires you to have Git LFS installed.\nYou can get it from https://git-lfs.github.com."

)

def retrieve_repositories(args, authenticated_user):

logger.info("Retrieving repositories")

single_request = False

if args.user == authenticated_user["login"]:

# we must use the /user/repos API to be able to access private repos

template = "https://{0}/user/repos".format(get_github_api_host(args))

else:

if args.private and not args.organization:

logger.warning(

"Authenticated user is different from user being backed up, thus private repositories cannot be accessed"

)

template = "https://{0}/users/{1}/repos".format(

get_github_api_host(args), args.user

)

if args.organization:

template = "https://{0}/orgs/{1}/repos".format(

get_github_api_host(args), args.user

)

if args.repository:

if "/" in args.repository:

repo_path = args.repository

else:

repo_path = "{0}/{1}".format(args.user, args.repository)

single_request = True

template = "https://{0}/repos/{1}".format(

get_github_api_host(args), repo_path

)

repos = retrieve_data(args, template, single_request=single_request)

if args.all_starred:

starred_template = "https://{0}/users/{1}/starred".format(

get_github_api_host(args), args.user

)

starred_repos = retrieve_data(args, starred_template, single_request=False)

# flag each repo as starred for downstream processing

for item in starred_repos:

item.update({"is_starred": True})

repos.extend(starred_repos)

if args.include_gists:

gists_template = "https://{0}/users/{1}/gists".format(

get_github_api_host(args), args.user

)

gists = retrieve_data(args, gists_template, single_request=False)

# flag each repo as a gist for downstream processing

for item in gists:

item.update({"is_gist": True})

repos.extend(gists)

if args.include_starred_gists:

starred_gists_template = "https://{0}/gists/starred".format(

get_github_api_host(args)

)

starred_gists = retrieve_data(

args, starred_gists_template, single_request=False

)

# flag each repo as a starred gist for downstream processing

for item in starred_gists:

item.update({"is_gist": True, "is_starred": True})

repos.extend(starred_gists)

return repos

def filter_repositories(args, unfiltered_repositories):

if args.repository:

return unfiltered_repositories

logger.info("Filtering repositories")

repositories = []

for r in unfiltered_repositories:

# gists can be anonymous, so need to safely check owner

if r.get("owner", {}).get("login") == args.user or r.get("is_starred"):

repositories.append(r)

name_regex = None

if args.name_regex:

name_regex = re.compile(args.name_regex)

languages = None

if args.languages:

languages = [x.lower() for x in args.languages]

if not args.fork:

repositories = [r for r in repositories if not r.get("fork")]

if not args.private:

repositories = [

r for r in repositories if not r.get("private") or r.get("public")

]

if languages:

repositories = [

for r in repositories

if r.get("language") and r.get("language").lower() in languages

] # noqa

if name_regex:

repositories = [

r for r in repositories if "name" not in r or name_regex.match(r["name"])

]

if args.skip_archived:

repositories = [r for r in repositories if not r.get("archived")]

if args.exclude:

repositories = [

r for r in repositories if "name" not in r or r["name"] not in args.exclude

]

return repositories

def backup_repositories(args, output_directory, repositories):

logger.info("Backing up repositories")

repos_template = "https://{0}/repos".format(get_github_api_host(args))

if args.incremental:

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python-github-backup/github_backup/github_backup.py at master · AUGUSTDzw/python-github-backup · GitHub

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