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NETCore.Keycloak/docs/authentication.md at master · Black-Cockpit/NETCore.Keycloak · GitHub

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Authentication Module

The Authentication module provides functionality for handling authentication flows with Keycloak, including client credentials flow, resource owner password flow, and token management.

Response Types

All authentication operations return either KcResponse<T> or KcOperationResponse<T> where T is the specific response type for the operation. For detailed information about response types and error handling, see Response Types.

For information about monitoring and metrics available in responses, see Monitoring and Metrics.

Token Types

The module supports various token types for different authentication scenarios:

  • Access Tokens: Short-lived tokens for accessing protected resources
  • Refresh Tokens: Long-lived tokens for obtaining new access tokens
  • ID Tokens: Contains user identity information (OpenID Connect)
  • Request Party Tokens (RPT): Tokens with additional permissions/entitlements

Authentication Operations

Client Credentials Flow

var response = await keycloakClient.Auth.GetClientCredentialsTokenAsync(
    "your-realm",
    new KcClientCredentials
    {
        ClientId = "your-client-id",
        ClientSecret = "your-client-secret"
    });

if (!response.IsError)
{
    var token = response.Response;
    // Use token.AccessToken, token.RefreshToken, etc.
}

Resource Owner Password Flow

var response = await keycloakClient.Auth.GetResourceOwnerPasswordTokenAsync(
    "your-realm",
    new KcClientCredentials
    {
        ClientId = "your-client-id",
        ClientSecret = "your-client-secret"
    },
    "username",
    "password");

if (!response.IsError)
{
    var token = response.Response;
    // Use token.AccessToken, token.RefreshToken, etc.
}

Password Validation

var response = await keycloakClient.Auth.ValidatePasswordAsync(
    "your-realm",
    new KcClientCredentials
    {
        ClientId = "your-client-id",
        ClientSecret = "your-client-secret"
    },
    "username",
    "password");

if (!response.IsError)
{
    var isValid = response.Response;
    // Handle password validation result
}

Token Refresh

var response = await keycloakClient.Auth.RefreshAccessTokenAsync(
    "your-realm",
    "refresh-token",
    "client-id");

if (!response.IsError)
{
    var newToken = response.Response;
    // Use newToken.AccessToken, newToken.RefreshToken, etc.
}

Token Revocation

// Revoke access token
var revokeAccessResponse = await keycloakClient.Auth.RevokeAccessTokenAsync(
    "your-realm",
    new KcClientCredentials
    {
        ClientId = "your-client-id",
        ClientSecret = "your-client-secret"
    },
    "access-token");

// Revoke refresh token
var revokeRefreshResponse = await keycloakClient.Auth.RevokeRefreshTokenAsync(
    "your-realm",
    new KcClientCredentials
    {
        ClientId = "your-client-id",
        ClientSecret = "your-client-secret"
    },
    "refresh-token");

Request Party Token (RPT)

Obtain a token with additional permissions:

var response = await keycloakClient.Auth.GetRequestPartyTokenAsync(
    "your-realm",
    new KcClientCredentials
    {
        ClientId = "your-client-id",
        ClientSecret = "your-client-secret"
    },
    "audience");

if (!response.IsError)
{
    var rptToken = response.Response;
    // Use the RPT token
}

Models

KcIdentityProviderToken

The main token model returned by authentication operations:

public class KcIdentityProviderToken
{
    // Access token for API requests
    public string AccessToken { get; set; }

    // Token expiration time in seconds
    public long? ExpiresIn { get; set; }

    // Refresh token for obtaining new access tokens
    public string RefreshToken { get; set; }

    // Token type (usually "Bearer")
    public string TokenType { get; set; }

    // OpenID Connect ID token
    public string IdToken { get; set; }

    // Keycloak session state
    public string SessionState { get; set; }

    // Token scope
    public string Scope { get; set; }
}

KcAccessToken Claims

Common claims available in the access token:

public class KcAccessToken
{
    // User ID
    public string Subject { get; set; }

    // Username
    public string PreferredUsername { get; set; }

    // User email
    public string Email { get; set; }

    // Email verification status
    public bool? EmailVerified { get; set; }

    // User roles
    public string[] RealmRoles { get; set; }

    // Resource roles
    public Dictionary<string, string[]> ResourceRoles { get; set; }

    // Token scope
    public string Scope { get; set; }
}

Token Security Best Practices

  1. Token Storage:

    • Never store tokens in local storage
    • Use secure HTTP-only cookies for web applications
    • Store tokens in memory for native applications

  2. Token Handling:

    • Always validate tokens before using them
    • Implement token refresh logic before expiration
    • Revoke tokens when they are no longer needed

  3. Token Validation:

    • Verify token signature using Keycloak's public key
    • Validate issuer (iss) and audience (aud) claims
    • Check token expiration (exp) and not-before (nbf) claims

Error Handling

All operations return a KcResponse<T> or KcOperationResponse<T> that includes error information and monitoring metrics. Here's how to handle errors:

try
{
    var response = await keycloakClient.Auth.GetClientCredentialsTokenAsync(
        realm,
        credentials);

    if (response.IsError)
    {
        // Handle error using response.Exception
        logger.LogError($"Authentication failed: {response.Exception.Message}");
        
        // Handle specific error cases
        if (response.Exception is KcAuthenticationException)
        {
            // Handle authentication-specific errors
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Process successful response
        var token = response.Response;
    }
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    // Handle unexpected errors
    logger.LogError($"Unexpected error during authentication: {ex.Message}");
}
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