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API, JSON and OAuth2 Notes

These notes summarize basic concepts used in many Python Data/BI workflows.

API Basics

An API allows software systems to exchange data through defined endpoints.

A typical API workflow is:

  1. send a request to an endpoint
  2. receive a response
  3. parse the response body
  4. extract relevant fields
  5. transform the result into a useful structure
  6. save or analyze the result

Many APIs return JSON.

JSON Basics

JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation.

In Python, JSON data usually becomes:

JSON concept Python equivalent
object dictionary
array list
string string
number int or float
true / false True / False
null None

Nested JSON responses are common in API work. For Data/BI workflows, selected nested values often need to be transformed into a flat table.

OAuth2 Basics

OAuth2 is an authorization framework.

It is often used when an application needs controlled access to a service on behalf of a user or system.

Important terms:

Term Meaning
Client ID Public identifier for an application
Client Secret Private secret for an application
Access Token Short-lived token used to call protected APIs
Refresh Token Token used to request a new access token
Scope Permission level requested by the application
Redirect URI URL where the authorization server sends the result
Authorization Server System that issues tokens
Resource Server API that accepts valid access tokens

Security Rules

Never commit real secrets to Git.

Do not commit:

  • API keys
  • access tokens
  • refresh tokens
  • client secrets
  • private .env files
  • downloaded credential files
  • personal data
  • customer data

Use .env.example files or placeholders instead.

Why This Matters for Data/BI

API and OAuth2 basics matter because many real Data/BI systems need to connect to external platforms, internal tools or cloud services.

A safe workflow must separate:

  • code
  • configuration
  • credentials
  • data
  • documentation

This repository keeps OAuth2 as concept notes for now. That is intentional.

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