feat: implement Web Components SSR framework with Koa 3, DOM-Renderer, Parcel 2, and CLI by Copilot · Pull Request #1 · EasyWebApp/WebSSR · GitHub

Bootstraps the WebSSR framework: a Node.js 22 + Koa 3 server that renders Web Components pages via JSX → Declarative Shadow DOM HTML, with file-based routing (Next.js App Router convention), a Parcel 2 plugin for client component boundaries, a webssr CLI, CSS module support, and unit tests.

Core modules

source/polyfill.ts – ESM-native happy-dom bootstrap. Registers a Node.js ESM loader hook for CSS module stubs and injects DOM globals into globalThis. Pre-loaded via --import ./source/polyfill.ts so it runs before any module graph is constructed.
source/css-loader.ts – Node.js ESM loader hook that resolves .css / .module.css imports to an identity proxy (styles.hero → 'hero') for SSR. Parcel handles scoped class names on the client.
source/renderer.ts – Awaits the async page component, then uses DOMRenderer.renderToReadableStream for streaming HTML via an async function* generator. Wraps output in a full document shell injecting the declarative-shadow-dom-polyfill CDN script (https://unpkg.com/declarative-shadow-dom-polyfill).
source/router.ts – Recursively scans app/**/page.tsx, converts [param] segments to Koa :param, and streams the response using Readable.from(asyncGenerator).
source/server.ts – Entry point: router scan → Koa listen → optional static asset serving from .webssr/dist.
source/cli.ts – webssr CLI built with CommanderJSX (Command constructor API). Three commands:
- webssr dev [-p port] [-a appDir] – starts the Koa SSR server and Parcel in watch mode (HMR on port+1)
- webssr start [-p port] [-a appDir] – starts the production Koa server
- webssr build [-a appDir] – runs a production Parcel build into .webssr/dist

Parcel 2 client component plugin

source/parcel-plugin/index.ts is a Parcel Transformer that intercepts import attributes at the client boundary:

// Page component (server-side)
import { MyButton } from './MyButton' with { runtime: 'client' };

Server build (env.context === 'node' or PARCEL_BUILD_TARGET=server): replaces the import with a stub { __clientComponent: true, specifier, name } so SSR runs without browser-only code.
Client build: import passes through unchanged for normal Parcel bundling.

CSS modules and sub-components

Page components can import CSS modules and reusable sub-components using standard syntax:

import styles from './styles/home.module.css';
import { NavBar } from '../components/NavBar';

export default async function Page({ searchParams }: PageProps) {
    return <main class={styles.hero}><NavBar links={[...]} /></main>;
}

The SSR CSS loader returns class names as-is (identity proxy); Parcel handles scoped names in the browser bundle.

Test fixtures and unit tests

Example pages have been moved from app/ to test/app/ as test fixtures. Unit tests cover:

test/renderer.test.tsx – 5 tests for renderPage and renderPageToStream (document structure, polyfill injection, searchParams interpolation, client script injection, async generator streaming)
test/router.test.ts – 2 tests for route discovery and [param] → :param conversion

Run with: node --import tsx/esm --import ./source/polyfill.ts --test 'test/**/*.test.ts' 'test/**/*.test.tsx'

Package changes

Package manager: switched to pnpm ("packageManager": "pnpm@10.33.0"); package-lock.json removed.
Exports: "." → ./dist/index.js, "./parcel-plugin" → ./dist/parcel-plugin/index.js (compiled ESM, not .ts source).
bin: webssr → ./dist/cli.js.
Koa ecosystem: upgraded to koa@^3.2.0, @koa/router@^15.4.0, @types/koa@^3.0.2; removed @types/koa__router (bundled in v15).
Parcel: @parcel/plugin@^2.16.4, @parcel/core@^2.16.4.
New deps: commander-jsx, koa-static, @parcel/core.

Dependency notes

happy-dom pinned to ^20.8.9 via overrides — earlier v14 range had critical CVEs (VM context escape, script tag RCE).
All node scripts use --import tsx/esm --import ./source/polyfill.ts to pre-load the DOM polyfill before any module graph is constructed. This fixes an ESM evaluation-order race where dom-renderer/jsx-runtime (implicitly added to .tsx files by tsx) would load declarative-shadow-dom-polyfill before XMLSerializer was available in globalThis.

Original prompt

实现一个 Web components 服务端渲染框架，遵循以下设计：

HTML 序列化、DOM 水合基于声明式影子 DOM 标准，polyfill 补丁为 https://github.com/EasyWebApp/declarative-shadow-dom-polyfill

页面组件用异步函数返回 JSX，兼容 React 服务端组件写法，但不使用其私有协议

由 https://github.com/EasyWebApp/DOM-Renderer 将 JSX 流式生成 HTML 字符串（已处理好自定义元素的标签）

页面路由采用文件目录式，兼容 Next.js app router，但初版只实现 page.tsx，后期再做 layout.tsx 等高级能力

通过 Parcel 2 插件做客户端组件依赖收集，并以 import { ClientComponent } from './client-component' with { runtime: 'client' } 作为边界，不使用 "use client" 声明

HTTP 服务器采用 Node.js ^22 + Koa

…and Parcel 2 plugin Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/EasyWebApp/WebSSR/sessions/2eff332b-4410-47ef-9e45-8763652062b4 Co-authored-by: TechQuery <19969570+TechQuery@users.noreply.github.com>

既然是参考 Next.js 的服务端渲染框架，那就得对外包装一个 CLI 让用户一键运行，CLI 入口架构用 http://github.com/TechQuery/CommanderJSX 。

导入 CSS modules、<SubComponent /> 的能力也要实现，要满足日常开发的核心需求。

Implemented in commit b41a4bc:

SubComponent: test/components/NavBar.tsx is a reusable <NavBar links={...} /> component imported and used directly in test/app/page.tsx
CSS modules: test/styles/home.module.css is imported as import styles from '../styles/home.module.css'; a new Node.js ESM loader hook (source/css-loader.ts, registered in source/polyfill.ts) returns an identity proxy on the server (styles.hero → 'hero'), and source/css-modules.d.ts provides the ambient TypeScript type

The rendered <main class="hero"> confirms both features working end-to-end on the server.

用 PNPM，此文件删掉。

Done in commit b41a4bc – deleted package-lock.json, added "packageManager": "pnpm@10.33.0" to package.json, and committed pnpm-lock.yaml + pnpm-workspace.yaml.

Suggested change

      
            const POLYFILL_SCRIPT = `<script type="module">
          
            import 'declarative-shadow-dom-polyfill';
          
            </script>`;
          
            const POLYFILL_SCRIPT = `<script src="https://unpkg.com/declarative-shadow-dom-polyfill"></script>`;

Applied in commit b41a4bc – POLYFILL_SCRIPT is now:

<script src="https://unpkg.com/declarative-shadow-dom-polyfill"></script>

不要手写流，用异步生成器。

Rewritten in commit b41a4bc. renderPageToStream is now an async function* generator that yields HTML chunks:

export async function* renderPageToStream(Page, props, clientScripts) {
    yield `<!DOCTYPE html>...<body>\n`;
    const vnode = await Page(props);
    yield* renderer.renderToReadableStream(vnode);
    yield '\n</body>\n</html>';
}

The router converts it to a Node.js Readable with Readable.from(renderPageToStream(...)).

Parcel 的资源打包在哪里？开发模式热更新在哪里？

Added in commit b41a4bc via the CLI (source/cli.ts):

Dev mode (webssr dev): starts Parcel in watch mode via @parcel/core alongside the Koa SSR server. Client entry points are discovered as *.client.tsx files; hot reload served on port+1. Bundled assets from .webssr/dist are served by koa-static.
Prod build (webssr build): runs @parcel/core in production mode, outputs to .webssr/dist.
Prod server (webssr start): serves SSR + static assets from .webssr/dist.

TypeScript 文件直接导出去没法用吧？至少编译成 ESM 啊！

Fixed in commit b41a4bc – package.json exports now point to compiled output:

"exports": {
    ".": "./dist/index.js",
    "./parcel-plugin": "./dist/parcel-plugin/index.js"
}

The bin field also points to ./dist/cli.js. Run npm run build (→ tsc) to compile source/ to dist/ before publishing.

你单元测试都没写啊！把 app/ 目录移到 test/ 里作为测试用示例代码。

Suggested change

      
                    "test": "node --import tsx/esm --test source/**/*.test.ts"
          
                    "test": "node --import tsx/esm --test test/**/*.test.ts"

Done in commit b41a4bc:

Moved app/ → test/app/ as example/fixture code
Added test/renderer.test.tsx (5 tests for renderPage + renderPageToStream) and test/router.test.ts (2 tests for route discovery)
All 7 tests pass via npm test (node --import tsx/esm --import ./source/polyfill.ts --test 'test/**/*.test.ts' 'test/**/*.test.tsx')

升级到 Koa 3.x 及其生态库最新版！

Upgraded in commit b41a4bc – koa@^3.2.0, @koa/router@^15.4.0, @types/koa@^3.0.2. Removed @types/koa__router (no longer needed; @koa/router@15 ships its own types at ./dist/index.d.ts).

Parcel 升到 2.16.4 最新版

Upgraded to @parcel/plugin@^2.16.4 and @parcel/core@^2.16.4 in commit b41a4bc.

…, CSS modules, Koa 3.x Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/EasyWebApp/WebSSR/sessions/a8094aaf-888b-452f-abeb-1b63b4b1ac60 Co-authored-by: TechQuery <19969570+TechQuery@users.noreply.github.com>

既然是参考 Next.js 的服务端渲染框架，那就得对外包装一个 CLI 让用户一键运行，CLI 入口架构用 http://github.com/TechQuery/CommanderJSX 。

Added in commit b41a4bc. source/cli.ts implements a webssr CLI using the CommanderJSX Command constructor API with three commands:

webssr dev [-p port] [-a appDir] – starts the Koa SSR server and Parcel in watch mode (HMR on port+1)
webssr start [-p port] [-a appDir] – starts the production Koa server
webssr build [-a appDir] – runs a production Parcel build into .webssr/dist

The bin field in package.json maps webssr → dist/cli.js.

Warning

Firewall rules blocked me from connecting to one or more addresses (expand for details)

I tried to connect to the following addresses, but was blocked by firewall rules:

cdn.jsdelivr.net
- Triggering command: /usr/bin/curl curl -s REDACTED (dns block)
https://api.github.com/repos/TechQuery/CommanderJSX/contents
- Triggering command: /usr/bin/curl curl -s REDACTED (http block)
https://api.github.com/repos/TechQuery/CommanderJSX/contents/src
- Triggering command: /usr/bin/curl curl -s REDACTED (http block)
https://api.github.com/repos/TechQuery/CommanderJSX/readme
- Triggering command: /usr/bin/curl curl -s REDACTED -H Accept: application/vnd.github.v3.raw (http block)
unpkg.com
- Triggering command: /usr/bin/curl curl -s REDACTED (dns block)

If you need me to access, download, or install something from one of these locations, you can either:

Configure Actions setup steps to set up my environment, which run before the firewall is enabled
Add the appropriate URLs or hosts to the custom allowlist in this repository's Copilot coding agent settings (admins only)

Initial plan

a5d9d5f

Copilot AI assigned Copilot and TechQuery Apr 4, 2026

Copilot started work on behalf of TechQuery April 4, 2026 15:02 View session

feat: implement Web Components SSR framework with Koa, DOM-Renderer, …

b85d51a

…and Parcel 2 plugin Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/EasyWebApp/WebSSR/sessions/2eff332b-4410-47ef-9e45-8763652062b4 Co-authored-by: TechQuery <19969570+TechQuery@users.noreply.github.com>

Copilot AI changed the title [WIP] Implement Web components server-side rendering framework feat: implement Web Components SSR framework with Koa, DOM-Renderer, and Parcel 2 plugin Apr 4, 2026

Copilot AI requested a review from TechQuery April 4, 2026 15:19

Copilot finished work on behalf of TechQuery April 4, 2026 15:20

TechQuery added enhancement New feature or request feature labels Apr 4, 2026

TechQuery added this to Upgrade & Refactor Apr 4, 2026

github-project-automation Bot moved this to In progress in Upgrade & Refactor Apr 4, 2026

TechQuery requested changes Apr 4, 2026

View reviewed changes

Copilot started work on behalf of TechQuery April 4, 2026 16:51 View session

feat: address PR review comments - CLI, pnpm, async generators, tests…

b41a4bc

…, CSS modules, Koa 3.x Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/EasyWebApp/WebSSR/sessions/a8094aaf-888b-452f-abeb-1b63b4b1ac60 Co-authored-by: TechQuery <19969570+TechQuery@users.noreply.github.com>

Copilot AI changed the title feat: implement Web Components SSR framework with Koa, DOM-Renderer, and Parcel 2 plugin feat: implement Web Components SSR framework with Koa 3, DOM-Renderer, Parcel 2, and CLI Apr 4, 2026

Copilot finished work on behalf of TechQuery April 4, 2026 17:24

Copilot AI requested a review from TechQuery April 4, 2026 17:24

TechQuery mentioned this pull request Jul 5, 2026

Fix SWC decorator parsing to support TS5 stage-3 decorators vercel/next.js#94274

Open

2 tasks

+                  return new ReadableStream<string>({
+                      async start(controller) {
+                          const enqueue = (chunk: string) => controller.enqueue(chunk);
+                          enqueue(`<!DOCTYPE html>
+              <html lang="en">
+              <head>
+              <meta charset="UTF-8">
+              <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+              ${POLYFILL_SCRIPT}
+              ${clientScripts.map(src => `<script type="module" src="${src}"></script>`).join('\n')}
+              </head>
+              <body>
+              `);
+                          const vnode = await Page(props);
+                          const stream = renderer.renderToReadableStream(vnode);
+                          const reader = stream.getReader();
+                          try {
+                              while (true) {
+                                  const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+                                  if (done) break;
+                                  enqueue(value);
+                              }
+                          } finally {
+                              reader.releaseLock();
+                          }
+                          enqueue('\n</body>\n</html>');
+                          controller.close();
+                      }
+                  });

+                      router.get(koaPath, async ctx => {
+                          const mod = await import(fileUrl);
+                          const Page: PageComponent = mod.default;
+                          if (typeof Page !== 'function') {
+                              ctx.status = 404;
+                              ctx.body = 'Page component not found';
+                              return;
+                          }
+                          const params = ctx.params as Record<string, string>;
+                          const searchParams = Object.fromEntries(
+                              new URLSearchParams(ctx.querystring)
+                          );
+                          const stream = renderPageToStream(Page, { params, searchParams });
+                          ctx.type = 'text/html; charset=utf-8';
+                          // Pipe the web ReadableStream into the Koa (Node.js) response
+                          ctx.body = Readable.fromWeb(
+                              stream as import('stream/web').ReadableStream
+                          );
+                      });

+                  "exports": {
+                      ".": "./source/index.ts",
+                      "./parcel-plugin": "./source/parcel-plugin/index.ts"
+                  },

+                      "start": "node --import tsx/esm source/server.ts",
+                      "dev": "node --watch --import tsx/esm source/server.ts",
+                      "build": "tsc",
+                      "test": "node --import tsx/esm --test source/**/*.test.ts"

+                      "@koa/router": "^13.1.0",
+                      "dom-renderer": "^2.6.4",
+                      "happy-dom": "^20.8.9",
+                      "koa": "^2.15.4"

	"test": "node --import tsx/esm --test source/*/.test.ts"
	"test": "node --import tsx/esm --test test/*/.test.ts"

+                      "happy-dom": "^20.8.9"
+                  },
+                  "devDependencies": {
+                      "@parcel/plugin": "^2.12.0",

feat: implement Web Components SSR framework with Koa 3, DOM-Renderer, Parcel 2, and CLI by Copilot · Pull Request #1 · EasyWebApp/WebSSR · GitHub

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feat: implement Web Components SSR framework with Koa 3, DOM-Renderer, Parcel 2, and CLI - #1

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Copilot AI commented Apr 4, 2026 • edited Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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Core modules

Parcel 2 client component plugin

CSS modules and sub-components

Test fixtures and unit tests

Package changes

Dependency notes

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I tried to connect to the following addresses, but was blocked by firewall rules:

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