You'll need node / npm and tsd installed globally. To get up and running just enter:

npm install
tsd install
npm run serve

This will:

1. Download the npm packages you need
2. Download the typings from DefinitelyTyped that you need.
3. Compile the code and serve it up at http://localhost:8080

Now you need dev tools. There's a world of choice out there; there's Atom, there's VS Code, there's Sublime. There's even something called Visual Studio. It's all your choice really.

For myself I've been using Atom combined with the mighty atom-typescript package. I advise you to give it a go. You won't look back.

If you drop this code into an empty Visual Studio ASP.Net project should should be good to go. You'll need this section in your web.config to ensure Visual Studio serves from the dist directory:

<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <rewrite>
      <rules>
        <rule name="Map all requests to 'dist' directory" stopProcessing="true">
          <match url="^(.*)$" />
          <action type="Rewrite" url="/dist/{R:1}" />
        </rule>
      </rules>
    </rewrite>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

And rather than running npm run serve you'll want to use npm run watch. (This builds / watches your code / runs tests etc but does not spin up a web server.)

Finally you'll want to set the following TypeScript options for your project

• ECMAScript Version: ECMAScript 6
• JSX compilation in TSX files: Preserve