matplotlib/tutorials/intermediate/artists.py at master · Tillsten/matplotlib · GitHub

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"""

===============

Artist tutorial

===============

Using Artist objects to render on the canvas.

There are three layers to the matplotlib API.

* the :class:`matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureCanvas` is the area onto which

the figure is drawn

* the :class:`matplotlib.backend_bases.Renderer` is

the object which knows how to draw on the

:class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureCanvas`

* and the :class:`matplotlib.artist.Artist` is the object that knows how to use

a renderer to paint onto the canvas.

The :class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureCanvas` and

:class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.Renderer` handle all the details of

talking to user interface toolkits like `wxPython

<https://www.wxpython.org>`_ or drawing languages like PostScript®, and

the ``Artist`` handles all the high level constructs like representing

and laying out the figure, text, and lines. The typical user will

spend 95% of their time working with the ``Artists``.

There are two types of ``Artists``: primitives and containers. The primitives

represent the standard graphical objects we want to paint onto our canvas:

:class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D`, :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Rectangle`,

:class:`~matplotlib.text.Text`, :class:`~matplotlib.image.AxesImage`, etc., and

the containers are places to put them (:class:`~matplotlib.axis.Axis`,

:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` and :class:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure`). The

standard use is to create a :class:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure` instance, use

the ``Figure`` to create one or more :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` or

:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Subplot` instances, and use the ``Axes`` instance

helper methods to create the primitives. In the example below, we create a

``Figure`` instance using :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.figure`, which is a

convenience method for instantiating ``Figure`` instances and connecting them

with your user interface or drawing toolkit ``FigureCanvas``. As we will

discuss below, this is not necessary -- you can work directly with PostScript,

PDF Gtk+, or wxPython ``FigureCanvas`` instances, instantiate your ``Figures``

directly and connect them yourselves -- but since we are focusing here on the

``Artist`` API we'll let :mod:`~matplotlib.pyplot` handle some of those details

for us::

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 1) # two rows, one column, first plot

The :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` is probably the most important

class in the matplotlib API, and the one you will be working with most

of the time. This is because the ``Axes`` is the plotting area into

which most of the objects go, and the ``Axes`` has many special helper

methods (:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot`,

:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.text`,

:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.hist`,

:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.imshow`) to create the most common

graphics primitives (:class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D`,

:class:`~matplotlib.text.Text`,

:class:`~matplotlib.patches.Rectangle`,

:class:`~matplotlib.image.AxesImage`, respectively). These helper methods

will take your data (e.g., ``numpy`` arrays and strings) and create

primitive ``Artist`` instances as needed (e.g., ``Line2D``), add them to

the relevant containers, and draw them when requested. Most of you

are probably familiar with the :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Subplot`,

which is just a special case of an ``Axes`` that lives on a regular

rows by columns grid of ``Subplot`` instances. If you want to create

an ``Axes`` at an arbitrary location, simply use the

:meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_axes` method which takes a list

of ``[left, bottom, width, height]`` values in 0-1 relative figure

coordinates::

fig2 = plt.figure()

ax2 = fig2.add_axes([0.15, 0.1, 0.7, 0.3])

Continuing with our example::

import numpy as np

t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0, 0.01)

s = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)

line, = ax.plot(t, s, color='blue', lw=2)

In this example, ``ax`` is the ``Axes`` instance created by the

``fig.add_subplot`` call above (remember ``Subplot`` is just a

subclass of ``Axes``) and when you call ``ax.plot``, it creates a

``Line2D`` instance and adds it to the :attr:`Axes.lines

<matplotlib.axes.Axes.lines>` list. In the interactive `ipython

<http://ipython.org/>`_ session below, you can see that the

``Axes.lines`` list is length one and contains the same line that was

returned by the ``line, = ax.plot...`` call:

.. sourcecode:: ipython

In [101]: ax.lines[0]

Out[101]: <matplotlib.lines.Line2D instance at 0x19a95710>

In [102]: line

Out[102]: <matplotlib.lines.Line2D instance at 0x19a95710>

If you make subsequent calls to ``ax.plot`` (and the hold state is "on"

which is the default) then additional lines will be added to the list.

You can remove lines later simply by calling the list methods; either

of these will work::

del ax.lines[0]

ax.lines.remove(line) # one or the other, not both!

The Axes also has helper methods to configure and decorate the x-axis

and y-axis tick, tick labels and axis labels::

xtext = ax.set_xlabel('my xdata') # returns a Text instance

ytext = ax.set_ylabel('my ydata')

When you call :meth:`ax.set_xlabel <matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel>`,

it passes the information on the :class:`~matplotlib.text.Text`

instance of the :class:`~matplotlib.axis.XAxis`. Each ``Axes``

instance contains an :class:`~matplotlib.axis.XAxis` and a

:class:`~matplotlib.axis.YAxis` instance, which handle the layout and

drawing of the ticks, tick labels and axis labels.

Try creating the figure below.

"""

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)

ax1.set_ylabel('volts')

ax1.set_title('a sine wave')

t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0, 0.01)

s = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)

line, = ax1.plot(t, s, color='blue', lw=2)

# Fixing random state for reproducibility

np.random.seed(19680801)

ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.15, 0.1, 0.7, 0.3])

n, bins, patches = ax2.hist(np.random.randn(1000), 50,

facecolor='yellow', edgecolor='yellow')

ax2.set_xlabel('time (s)')

plt.show()

###############################################################################

# .. _customizing-artists:

# Customizing your objects

# ========================

# Every element in the figure is represented by a matplotlib

# :class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, and each has an extensive list of

# properties to configure its appearance. The figure itself contains a

# :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Rectangle` exactly the size of the figure,

# which you can use to set the background color and transparency of the

# figures. Likewise, each :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` bounding box

# (the standard white box with black edges in the typical matplotlib

# plot, has a ``Rectangle`` instance that determines the color,

# transparency, and other properties of the Axes. These instances are

# stored as member variables :attr:`Figure.patch

# <matplotlib.figure.Figure.patch>` and :attr:`Axes.patch

# <matplotlib.axes.Axes.patch>` ("Patch" is a name inherited from

# MATLAB, and is a 2D "patch" of color on the figure, e.g., rectangles,

# circles and polygons). Every matplotlib ``Artist`` has the following

# properties

# ========== =================================================================

# Property Description

# ========== =================================================================

# alpha The transparency - a scalar from 0-1

# animated A boolean that is used to facilitate animated drawing

# axes The axes that the Artist lives in, possibly None

# clip_box The bounding box that clips the Artist

# clip_on Whether clipping is enabled

# clip_path The path the artist is clipped to

# contains A picking function to test whether the artist contains the pick

# point

# figure The figure instance the artist lives in, possibly None

# label A text label (e.g., for auto-labeling)

# picker A python object that controls object picking

# transform The transformation

# visible A boolean whether the artist should be drawn

# zorder A number which determines the drawing order

# rasterized Boolean; Turns vectors into raster graphics (for compression &

# eps transparency)

# ========== =================================================================

# Each of the properties is accessed with an old-fashioned setter or

# getter (yes we know this irritates Pythonistas and we plan to support

# direct access via properties or traits but it hasn't been done yet).

# For example, to multiply the current alpha by a half::

# a = o.get_alpha()

# o.set_alpha(0.5*a)

# If you want to set a number of properties at once, you can also use

# the ``set`` method with keyword arguments. For example::

# o.set(alpha=0.5, zorder=2)

# If you are working interactively at the python shell, a handy way to

# inspect the ``Artist`` properties is to use the

# :func:`matplotlib.artist.getp` function (simply

# :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.getp` in pyplot), which lists the properties

# and their values. This works for classes derived from ``Artist`` as

# well, e.g., ``Figure`` and ``Rectangle``. Here are the ``Figure`` rectangle

# properties mentioned above:

# .. sourcecode:: ipython

# In [149]: matplotlib.artist.getp(fig.patch)

# alpha = 1.0

# animated = False

# antialiased or aa = True

# axes = None

# clip_box = None

# clip_on = False

# clip_path = None

# contains = None

# edgecolor or ec = w

# facecolor or fc = 0.75

# figure = Figure(8.125x6.125)

# fill = 1

# hatch = None

# height = 1

# label =

# linewidth or lw = 1.0

# picker = None

# transform = <Affine object at 0x134cca84>

# verts = ((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0))

# visible = True

# width = 1

# window_extent = <Bbox object at 0x134acbcc>

# x = 0

# y = 0

# zorder = 1

# The docstrings for all of the classes also contain the ``Artist``

# properties, so you can consult the interactive "help" or the

# :ref:`artist-api` for a listing of properties for a given object.

# .. _object-containers:

# Object containers

# =================

# Now that we know how to inspect and set the properties of a given

# object we want to configure, we need to know how to get at that object.

# As mentioned in the introduction, there are two kinds of objects:

# primitives and containers. The primitives are usually the things you

# want to configure (the font of a :class:`~matplotlib.text.Text`

# instance, the width of a :class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D`) although

# the containers also have some properties as well -- for example the

# :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` :class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist` is a

# container that contains many of the primitives in your plot, but it

# also has properties like the ``xscale`` to control whether the xaxis

# is 'linear' or 'log'. In this section we'll review where the various

# container objects store the ``Artists`` that you want to get at.

# .. _figure-container:

# Figure container

# ----------------

# The top level container ``Artist`` is the

# :class:`matplotlib.figure.Figure`, and it contains everything in the

# figure. The background of the figure is a

# :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Rectangle` which is stored in

# :attr:`Figure.patch <matplotlib.figure.Figure.patch>`. As

# you add subplots (:meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot`) and

# axes (:meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_axes`) to the figure

# these will be appended to the :attr:`Figure.axes

# <matplotlib.figure.Figure.axes>`. These are also returned by the

# methods that create them:

# .. sourcecode:: ipython

# In [156]: fig = plt.figure()

# In [157]: ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)

# In [158]: ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.7, 0.3])

# In [159]: ax1

# Out[159]: <matplotlib.axes.Subplot instance at 0xd54b26c>

# In [160]: print(fig.axes)

# [<matplotlib.axes.Subplot instance at 0xd54b26c>,

# <matplotlib.axes.Axes instance at 0xd3f0b2c>]

# Because the figure maintains the concept of the "current axes" (see

# :meth:`Figure.gca <matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca>` and

# :meth:`Figure.sca <matplotlib.figure.Figure.sca>`) to support the

# pylab/pyplot state machine, you should not insert or remove axes

# directly from the axes list, but rather use the

# :meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot` and

# :meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_axes` methods to insert, and the

# :meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.delaxes` method to delete. You are

# free however, to iterate over the list of axes or index into it to get

# access to ``Axes`` instances you want to customize. Here is an

# example which turns all the axes grids on::

# for ax in fig.axes:

# ax.grid(True)

# The figure also has its own text, lines, patches and images, which you

# can use to add primitives directly. The default coordinate system for

# the ``Figure`` will simply be in pixels (which is not usually what you

# want) but you can control this by setting the transform property of

# the ``Artist`` you are adding to the figure.

# .. TODO: Is that still true?

# More useful is "figure coordinates" where (0, 0) is the bottom-left of

# the figure and (1, 1) is the top-right of the figure which you can

# obtain by setting the ``Artist`` transform to :attr:`fig.transFigure

# <matplotlib.figure.Figure.transFigure>`:

import matplotlib.lines as lines

fig = plt.figure()

l1 = lines.Line2D([0, 1], [0, 1], transform=fig.transFigure, figure=fig)

l2 = lines.Line2D([0, 1], [1, 0], transform=fig.transFigure, figure=fig)

fig.lines.extend([l1, l2])

plt.show()

###############################################################################

# Here is a summary of the Artists the figure contains

# .. TODO: Add xrefs to this table

# ================ ============================================================

# Figure attribute Description

# ================ ============================================================

# axes A list of Axes instances (includes Subplot)

# patch The Rectangle background

# images A list of FigureImage patches -

# useful for raw pixel display

# legends A list of Figure Legend instances

# (different from Axes.legends)

# lines A list of Figure Line2D instances

# (rarely used, see Axes.lines)

# patches A list of Figure patches (rarely used, see Axes.patches)

# texts A list Figure Text instances

# ================ ============================================================

# .. _axes-container:

# Axes container

# --------------

# The :class:`matplotlib.axes.Axes` is the center of the matplotlib

# universe -- it contains the vast majority of all the ``Artists`` used

# in a figure with many helper methods to create and add these

# ``Artists`` to itself, as well as helper methods to access and

# customize the ``Artists`` it contains. Like the

# :class:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure`, it contains a

# :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Patch`

# :attr:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.patch` which is a

# :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Rectangle` for Cartesian coordinates and a

# :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Circle` for polar coordinates; this patch

# determines the shape, background and border of the plotting region::

# ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

# rect = ax.patch # a Rectangle instance

# rect.set_facecolor('green')

# When you call a plotting method, e.g., the canonical

# :meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot` and pass in arrays or lists of

# values, the method will create a :meth:`matplotlib.lines.Line2D`

# instance, update the line with all the ``Line2D`` properties passed as

# keyword arguments, add the line to the :attr:`Axes.lines

# <matplotlib.axes.Axes.lines>` container, and returns it to you:

# .. sourcecode:: ipython

# In [213]: x, y = np.random.rand(2, 100)

# In [214]: line, = ax.plot(x, y, '-', color='blue', linewidth=2)

# ``plot`` returns a list of lines because you can pass in multiple x, y

# pairs to plot, and we are unpacking the first element of the length

# one list into the line variable. The line has been added to the

# ``Axes.lines`` list:

# .. sourcecode:: ipython

# In [229]: print(ax.lines)

# [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D instance at 0xd378b0c>]

# Similarly, methods that create patches, like

# :meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar` creates a list of rectangles, will

# add the patches to the :attr:`Axes.patches

# <matplotlib.axes.Axes.patches>` list:

# .. sourcecode:: ipython

# In [233]: n, bins, rectangles = ax.hist(np.random.randn(1000), 50)

# In [234]: rectangles

# Out[234]: <a list of 50 Patch objects>

# In [235]: print(len(ax.patches))

# You should not add objects directly to the ``Axes.lines`` or

# ``Axes.patches`` lists unless you know exactly what you are doing,

# because the ``Axes`` needs to do a few things when it creates and adds

# an object. It sets the figure and axes property of the ``Artist``, as

# well as the default ``Axes`` transformation (unless a transformation

# is set). It also inspects the data contained in the ``Artist`` to

# update the data structures controlling auto-scaling, so that the view

# limits can be adjusted to contain the plotted data. You can,

# nonetheless, create objects yourself and add them directly to the

# ``Axes`` using helper methods like

# :meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_line` and

# :meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch`. Here is an annotated

# interactive session illustrating what is going on:

# .. sourcecode:: ipython

# In [262]: fig, ax = plt.subplots()

# # create a rectangle instance

# In [263]: rect = matplotlib.patches.Rectangle((1, 1), width=5, height=12)

# # by default the axes instance is None

# In [264]: print(rect.axes)

# None

# # and the transformation instance is set to the "identity transform"

# In [265]: print(rect.get_transform())

# <Affine object at 0x13695544>

# # now we add the Rectangle to the Axes

# In [266]: ax.add_patch(rect)

# # and notice that the ax.add_patch method has set the axes

# # instance

# In [267]: print(rect.axes)

# Axes(0.125,0.1;0.775x0.8)

# # and the transformation has been set too

# In [268]: print(rect.get_transform())

# <Affine object at 0x15009ca4>

# # the default axes transformation is ax.transData

# In [269]: print(ax.transData)

# <Affine object at 0x15009ca4>

# # notice that the xlimits of the Axes have not been changed

# In [270]: print(ax.get_xlim())

# (0.0, 1.0)

# # but the data limits have been updated to encompass the rectangle

# In [271]: print(ax.dataLim.bounds)

# (1.0, 1.0, 5.0, 12.0)

# # we can manually invoke the auto-scaling machinery

# In [272]: ax.autoscale_view()

# # and now the xlim are updated to encompass the rectangle

# In [273]: print(ax.get_xlim())

# (1.0, 6.0)

# # we have to manually force a figure draw

# In [274]: ax.figure.canvas.draw()

# There are many, many ``Axes`` helper methods for creating primitive

# ``Artists`` and adding them to their respective containers. The table

# below summarizes a small sampling of them, the kinds of ``Artist`` they

# create, and where they store them

# ============================== ==================== =======================

# Helper method Artist Container

# ============================== ==================== =======================

# ax.annotate - text annotations Annotate ax.texts

# ax.bar - bar charts Rectangle ax.patches

# ax.errorbar - error bar plots Line2D and Rectangle ax.lines and ax.patches

# ax.fill - shared area Polygon ax.patches

# ax.hist - histograms Rectangle ax.patches

# ax.imshow - image data AxesImage ax.images

# ax.legend - axes legends Legend ax.legends

# ax.plot - xy plots Line2D ax.lines

# ax.scatter - scatter charts PolygonCollection ax.collections

# ax.text - text Text ax.texts

# ============================== ==================== =======================

# In addition to all of these ``Artists``, the ``Axes`` contains two

# important ``Artist`` containers: the :class:`~matplotlib.axis.XAxis`

# and :class:`~matplotlib.axis.YAxis`, which handle the drawing of the

# ticks and labels. These are stored as instance variables

# :attr:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.xaxis` and

# :attr:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.yaxis`. The ``XAxis`` and ``YAxis``

# containers will be detailed below, but note that the ``Axes`` contains

# many helper methods which forward calls on to the

# :class:`~matplotlib.axis.Axis` instances so you often do not need to

# work with them directly unless you want to. For example, you can set

# the font color of the ``XAxis`` ticklabels using the ``Axes`` helper

# method::

# for label in ax.get_xticklabels():

# label.set_color('orange')

# Below is a summary of the Artists that the Axes contains

# ============== ======================================

# Axes attribute Description

# ============== ======================================

# artists A list of Artist instances

# patch Rectangle instance for Axes background

# collections A list of Collection instances

# images A list of AxesImage

# legends A list of Legend instances

# lines A list of Line2D instances

# patches A list of Patch instances

# texts A list of Text instances

# xaxis matplotlib.axis.XAxis instance

# yaxis matplotlib.axis.YAxis instance

# ============== ======================================

# .. _axis-container:

# Axis containers

# ---------------

# The :class:`matplotlib.axis.Axis` instances handle the drawing of the

# tick lines, the grid lines, the tick labels and the axis label. You

# can configure the left and right ticks separately for the y-axis, and

# the upper and lower ticks separately for the x-axis. The ``Axis``

# also stores the data and view intervals used in auto-scaling, panning

# and zooming, as well as the :class:`~matplotlib.ticker.Locator` and

# :class:`~matplotlib.ticker.Formatter` instances which control where

# the ticks are placed and how they are represented as strings.

# Each ``Axis`` object contains a :attr:`~matplotlib.axis.Axis.label` attribute

# (this is what :mod:`.pyplot` modifies in calls to `~.pyplot.xlabel` and

# `~.pyplot.ylabel`) as well as a list of major and minor ticks. The ticks are

# `.axis.XTick` and `.axis.YTick` instances, which contain the actual line and

# text primitives that render the ticks and ticklabels. Because the ticks are

# dynamically created as needed (e.g., when panning and zooming), you should

# access the lists of major and minor ticks through their accessor methods

# `.axis.Axis.get_major_ticks` and `.axis.Axis.get_minor_ticks`. Although

# the ticks contain all the primitives and will be covered below, ``Axis``

# instances have accessor methods that return the tick lines, tick labels, tick

# locations etc.:

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

axis = ax.xaxis

axis.get_ticklocs()

###############################################################################

axis.get_ticklabels()

###############################################################################

# note there are twice as many ticklines as labels because by default there are

# tick lines at the top and bottom but only tick labels below the xaxis;

# however, this can be customized.

axis.get_ticklines()

###############################################################################

# And with the above methods, you only get lists of major ticks back by

# default, but you can also ask for the minor ticks:

axis.get_ticklabels(minor=True)

axis.get_ticklines(minor=True)

###############################################################################

# Here is a summary of some of the useful accessor methods of the ``Axis``

# (these have corresponding setters where useful, such as

# :meth:`~matplotlib.axis.Axis.set_major_formatter`.)

# ==================== =====================================================

# Accessor method Description

# ==================== =====================================================

# get_scale The scale of the axis, e.g., 'log' or 'linear'

# get_view_interval The interval instance of the axis view limits

# get_data_interval The interval instance of the axis data limits

# get_gridlines A list of grid lines for the Axis

# get_label The axis label - a Text instance

# get_ticklabels A list of Text instances - keyword minor=True|False

# get_ticklines A list of Line2D instances - keyword minor=True|False

# get_ticklocs A list of Tick locations - keyword minor=True|False

# get_major_locator The `.ticker.Locator` instance for major ticks

# get_major_formatter The `.ticker.Formatter` instance for major ticks

# get_minor_locator The `.ticker.Locator` instance for minor ticks

# get_minor_formatter The `.ticker.Formatter` instance for minor ticks

# get_major_ticks A list of Tick instances for major ticks

# get_minor_ticks A list of Tick instances for minor ticks

# grid Turn the grid on or off for the major or minor ticks

# ==================== =====================================================

# Here is an example, not recommended for its beauty, which customizes

# the axes and tick properties

# plt.figure creates a matplotlib.figure.Figure instance

fig = plt.figure()

rect = fig.patch # a rectangle instance

rect.set_facecolor('lightgoldenrodyellow')

ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.4])

rect = ax1.patch

rect.set_facecolor('lightslategray')

for label in ax1.xaxis.get_ticklabels():

# label is a Text instance

label.set_color('red')

label.set_rotation(45)

label.set_fontsize(16)

for line in ax1.yaxis.get_ticklines():

# line is a Line2D instance

line.set_color('green')

line.set_markersize(25)

line.set_markeredgewidth(3)

plt.show()

###############################################################################

# .. _tick-container:

# Tick containers

# ---------------

# The :class:`matplotlib.axis.Tick` is the final container object in our

# descent from the :class:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure` to the

# :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` to the :class:`~matplotlib.axis.Axis`

# to the :class:`~matplotlib.axis.Tick`. The ``Tick`` contains the tick

# and grid line instances, as well as the label instances for the upper

# and lower ticks. Each of these is accessible directly as an attribute

# of the ``Tick``.

# ============== ==========================================================

# Tick attribute Description

# ============== ==========================================================

# tick1line Line2D instance

# tick2line Line2D instance

# gridline Line2D instance

# label1 Text instance

# label2 Text instance

# ============== ==========================================================

# Here is an example which sets the formatter for the right side ticks with

# dollar signs and colors them green on the right side of the yaxis

import matplotlib.ticker as ticker

# Fixing random state for reproducibility

np.random.seed(19680801)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.plot(100*np.random.rand(20))

formatter = ticker.FormatStrFormatter('$%1.2f')

ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(formatter)

for tick in ax.yaxis.get_major_ticks():

tick.label1.set_visible(False)

tick.label2.set_visible(True)

tick.label2.set_color('green')

plt.show()

matplotlib/tutorials/intermediate/artists.py at master · Tillsten/matplotlib · GitHub

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