• os module provide a way to handle Operating System Related Functionality
• The os module is a part of the standard library.
• The primary use of the os module create a folder, remove a folder, rename, access files with path and name.
• The OS module in Python provides functions for interacting with the operating system.

import os module

import os

List of Avialable Functions

• To get the list of avialable function use dir().

Example:

#import os module
import os

#Get Help of os module
print(help(os))

#Get avialable Function list
print(dir(os))

Important Functions related to directory

• Returns the Operating system name such as,nt,posix,java,os2,ce

Example:

import os

#Get Name 
name=os.name
print(name)

Output:

nt

• Return current working directory name.
• The path of the file used to execute the code.

Example:

#import required module
import os

#Get Current Working directory
direct=os.getcwd()

print(direct)

Output:

C:\\python3

• Chidr() used to change the working directory of the current path

syntax:

os.chdir(path)

Example:

#import module
import os

#get current working path
print(os.getcwd())
#Result:C:\\python3

#Change directory path to C:\Users\ravi\Desktop\demo
path=r'C:\Users\ravi\Desktop\demo'
os.chdir(path)

#Now get the new path
print(os.getcwd())
#Result:C:\\Users\\ravi\\Desktop\\demo

Output:

C:\\python3
C:\\Users\\ravi\\Desktop\\demo

• mkdir() create a specified folder.
• If the specified folder already exists it will Generate an Error

Cannot create a file when that file already exists: 'FolderName'

Syntax:

os.mkdir(path)

Example:

import os

#This will create a folder at os.getcwd() location
os.mkdir('testFolder')

• makedirs() is the super version of mkdir()
• It is used to create a leaf directory.
• If the folder already exists it will give an error.
• If parent directory is not available makedirs() function creates a parent directory.

Syntax:

os.makedirs('directory1/Directory2/dirname')

Example:

#import required module
import os

#make tree-like folder directory.
os.makedirs('test/testFolders')
'''
this will create a testFolders folder in the test directory
if test directory is not present makedirs() will create it
'''

• rename() used to rename the directory name. It will Return error if specified directory is not avialable

Syntax:

os.name(oldFolderName,newFolderName)

Example:

#import module
import os

#Create a folder with name testFolder
os.mkdir('testFolder')

#Rename That testFolder with newFolderName
os.rename('testFolder','newFolderName')

• rmdir() function used to remove the empty folder only if folder contains files it will generate error.
• if folder is not avialable it will give Error.

Syntax:

os.rmdir('folderName')

Example:

#import module
import os

#Remove testFolder
os.rmdir('testFolder')

• removedirs() is the super version of rmdir will remove empty directory .
• remove a leaf directory and all empty intermediate ones.

Syntax:

os.removedirs(path)

Example:

import os

os.removedirs('tst/testFolder')

• chmod() function used to change the mod of director and files

Syntax:

chmod(path,mode)

path:-This is the path for which mode would be set.

chmod:-This may take one of the following mentioned values

stat.S_ISUID − Set user ID on execution.
stat.S_ISGID − Set group ID on execution.
stat.S_ENFMT − Record locking enforced.
stat.S_ISVTX − Save text image after execution.
stat.S_IREAD − Read by owner.
stat.S_IWRITE − Write by owner.
stat.S_IEXEC − Execute by owner.
stat.S_IRWXU − Read, write and execute by owner.
stat.S_IRUSR − Read by owner.
stat.S_IWUSR − Write by owner.
stat.S_IXUSR − Execute by owner.
stat.S_IRWXG − Read, write and execute by the group.
stat.S_IRGRP − Read by a group.
stat.S_IWGRP − Write by a group.
stat.S_IXGRP − Execute by a group.
stat.S_IRWXO − Read, write and execute by others.
stat.S_IROTH − Read by others.
stat.S_IWOTH − Write by others.
stat.S_IXOTH − Execute by others.

Example:

import os
# Set a file write by others.
os.chmod("/test/filename.txt", stat.S_IWOTH)