databricks
diff --git a/‎tests/e2e/test_kernel_backend.py‎
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+"""E2E tests for ``use_sea=True`` (routes through the Rust kernel
+via the PyO3 ``databricks_sql_kernel`` module).
+
+PAT auth only. Anything else surfaces as ``NotSupportedError``
+from the auth bridge — covered as a unit test, not exercised here.
+
+Skipped automatically when:
+  - The standard ``DATABRICKS_SERVER_HOSTNAME`` / ``HTTP_PATH`` /
+    ``TOKEN`` creds aren't set (existing connector convention).
+  - ``databricks_sql_kernel`` isn't importable (the wheel hasn't
+    been installed; run ``pip install
+    'databricks-sql-connector[kernel]'`` or, for local dev,
+    ``cd databricks-sql-kernel/pyo3 && maturin develop --release``
+    into this venv).
+
+Run from the connector repo root:
+
+    set -a && source ~/.databricks/pecotesting-creds && set +a
+    .venv/bin/pytest tests/e2e/test_kernel_backend.py -v
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+import databricks.sql as sql
+from databricks.sql.exc import DatabaseError
+
+
+# Skip the whole module unless the kernel wheel is importable.
+pytest.importorskip(
+    "databricks_sql_kernel",
+    reason="use_sea=True requires the databricks-sql-kernel package",
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def kernel_conn_params(connection_details):
+    """Live-cred check + connection params for use_sea=True.
+
+    Skips the module if any cred is missing rather than letting
+    every test fail with a confusing connect-time error.
+    """
+    host = connection_details.get("host")
+    http_path = connection_details.get("http_path")
+    token = connection_details.get("access_token")
+    if not (host and http_path and token):
+        pytest.skip(
+            "DATABRICKS_SERVER_HOSTNAME / DATABRICKS_HTTP_PATH / "
+            "DATABRICKS_TOKEN not set"
+        )
+    return {
+        "server_hostname": host,
+        "http_path": http_path,
+        "access_token": token,
+        "use_sea": True,
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def conn(kernel_conn_params):
+    """One-shot connection per test (the simple_test pattern the
+    existing e2e suite uses for cursor-level tests)."""
+    c = sql.connect(**kernel_conn_params)
+    try:
+        yield c
+    finally:
+        c.close()
+
+
+def test_connect_with_use_sea_opens_a_session(conn):
+    assert conn.open, "connection should report open after connect()"
+
+
+def test_select_one(conn):
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.execute("SELECT 1 AS n")
+        assert cur.description[0][0] == "n"
+        # description type slug matches what Thrift produces
+        assert cur.description[0][1] == "int"
+        rows = cur.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) == 1
+        assert rows[0][0] == 1
+
+
+def test_drain_large_range_to_arrow(conn):
+    """SELECT * FROM range(10000) drains as a pyarrow Table with
+    10000 rows. Exercises the CloudFetch / multi-batch path on the
+    kernel side."""
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.execute("SELECT * FROM range(10000)")
+        rows = cur.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) == 10000
+
+
+def test_fetchmany_pacing(conn):
+    """fetchmany honours the requested size and stops cleanly at
+    end-of-stream — covers the buffer-slicing logic in
+    KernelResultSet."""
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.execute("SELECT * FROM range(50)")
+        r1 = cur.fetchmany(10)
+        r2 = cur.fetchmany(20)
+        r3 = cur.fetchmany(100)  # capped at remaining
+        assert (len(r1), len(r2), len(r3)) == (10, 20, 20)
+
+
+def test_fetchall_arrow(conn):
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.execute("SELECT 1 AS a, 'hi' AS b")
+        table = cur.fetchall_arrow()
+        assert table.num_rows == 1
+        assert table.column_names == ["a", "b"]
+
+
+# ── Metadata ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_metadata_catalogs(conn):
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.catalogs()
+        rows = cur.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) > 0
+
+
+def test_metadata_schemas(conn):
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.schemas(catalog_name="main")
+        rows = cur.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) > 0
+
+
+def test_metadata_tables(conn):
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.tables(catalog_name="system", schema_name="information_schema")
+        rows = cur.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) > 0
+
+
+def test_metadata_columns(conn):
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.columns(
+            catalog_name="system",
+            schema_name="information_schema",
+            table_name="tables",
+        )
+        rows = cur.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) > 0
+
+
+# ── Session configuration ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_session_configuration_round_trips(kernel_conn_params):
+    """`session_configuration` flows through to the kernel's
+    `session_conf` and is honoured by the server.
+
+    `ANSI_MODE` is the safe choice — it's on the SEA allow-list and
+    isn't workspace-policy-clamped (unlike `STATEMENT_TIMEOUT`) or
+    rejected by the warehouse (unlike `TIMEZONE` on dogfood)."""
+    params = dict(kernel_conn_params)
+    params["session_configuration"] = {"ANSI_MODE": "false"}
+    with sql.connect(**params) as c:
+        with c.cursor() as cur:
+            cur.execute("SET ANSI_MODE")
+            rows = cur.fetchall()
+            kv = {r[0]: r[1] for r in rows}
+            assert kv.get("ANSI_MODE") == "false", f"got {rows!r}"
+
+
+# ── Error mapping ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_bad_sql_surfaces_as_databaseerror(conn):
+    """Bad SQL should surface as a PEP 249 ``DatabaseError`` with
+    the kernel's structured fields (`code`, `sql_state`, `query_id`)
+    attached as attributes — the connector backend re-raises the
+    kernel's ``SqlError`` to ``DatabaseError`` while preserving the
+    server-reported state."""
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        with pytest.raises(DatabaseError) as exc_info:
+            cur.execute("SELECT * FROM definitely_not_a_table_xyz_kernel_e2e")
+        err = exc_info.value
+        # Structured fields copied off the kernel exception:
+        assert getattr(err, "code", None) == "SqlError"
+        assert getattr(err, "sql_state", None) == "42P01"