esp32_https_server/examples/REST-API/REST-API.ino at develop · longinut/esp32_https_server · GitHub

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/**

* Example for the ESP32 HTTP(S) Webserver

* IMPORTANT NOTE:

* This example is a bit more complex than the other ones, so be careful to

* follow all steps.

* Make sure to check out the more basic examples like Static-Page to understand

* the fundamental principles of the API before proceeding with this sketch.

* To run this script, you need to

* 1) Enter your WiFi SSID and PSK below this comment

* 2) Install the SPIFFS File uploader into your Arduino IDE to be able to

* upload static data to the webserver.

* Follow the instructions at:

* https://github.com/me-no-dev/arduino-esp32fs-plugin

* 3) Upload the static files from the data/ directory of the example to your

* module's SPIFFs by using "ESP32 Sketch Data Upload" from the tools menu.

* If you face any problems, read the description of the libraray mentioned

* above.

* Note: If mounting SPIFFS fails, the script will wait for a serial connection

* (open your serial monitor!) and ask if it should format the SPIFFS partition.

* You may need this before uploading the data

* Note: Make sure to select a partition layout that allows for SPIFFS in the

* boards menu

* 4) Have the ArduinoJSON library installed and available. (Tested with Version 5.13.4)

* You'll find it at:

* https://arduinojson.org/

* This script will install an HTTPS Server on your ESP32 with the following

* functionalities:

* - Serve static files from the SPIFFS's data/public directory

* - Provide a REST API at /api to receive the asynchronous http requests

* - /api/uptime provides access to the current system uptime

* - /api/events allows to register or delete events to turn PINs on/off

* at certain times.

* - Use Arduino JSON for body parsing and generation of responses.

* - The certificate is generated on first run and stored to the SPIFFS in

* the cert directory (so that the client cannot retrieve the private key)

// TODO: Configure your WiFi here

#define WIFI_SSID "<your ssid goes here>"

#define WIFI_PSK "<your pre-shared key goes here>"

// We will use wifi

#include <WiFi.h>

// We will use SPIFFS and FS

#include <SPIFFS.h>

#include <FS.h>

// We use JSON as data format. Make sure to have the lib available

#include <ArduinoJson.h>

// Working with c++ strings

#include <string>

// Define the name of the directory for public files in the SPIFFS parition

#define DIR_PUBLIC "/public"

// We need to specify some content-type mapping, so the resources get delivered with the

// right content type and are displayed correctly in the browser

char contentTypes[][2][32] = {

{".html", "text/html"},

{".css", "text/css"},

{".js", "application/javascript"},

{".json", "application/json"},

{".png", "image/png"},

{".jpg", "image/jpg"},

{"", ""}

};

// Includes for the server

#include <HTTPSServer.hpp>

#include <SSLCert.hpp>

#include <HTTPRequest.hpp>

#include <HTTPResponse.hpp>

#include <util.hpp>

// We use the following struct to store GPIO events:

#define MAX_EVENTS 20

struct {

// is this event used (events that have been run will be set to false)

bool active;

// when should it be run?

unsigned long time;

// which GPIO should be changed?

int gpio;

// and to which state?

int state;

} events[MAX_EVENTS];

// The HTTPS Server comes in a separate namespace. For easier use, include it here.

using namespace httpsserver;

// We just create a reference to the server here. We cannot call the constructor unless

// we have initialized the SPIFFS and read or created the certificate

HTTPSServer * secureServer;

void setup() {

// For logging

Serial.begin(115200);

// Set the pins that we will use as output pins

pinMode(25, OUTPUT);

pinMode(26, OUTPUT);

pinMode(27, OUTPUT);

pinMode(32, OUTPUT);

pinMode(33, OUTPUT);

// Try to mount SPIFFS without formatting on failure

if (!SPIFFS.begin(false)) {

// If SPIFFS does not work, we wait for serial connection...

while(!Serial);

delay(1000);

// Ask to format SPIFFS using serial interface

Serial.print("Mounting SPIFFS failed. Try formatting? (y/n): ");

while(!Serial.available());

Serial.println();

// If the user did not accept to try formatting SPIFFS or formatting failed:

if (Serial.read() != 'y' || !SPIFFS.begin(true)) {

Serial.println("SPIFFS not available. Stop.");

while(true);

}

Serial.println("SPIFFS has been formated.");

}

Serial.println("SPIFFS has been mounted.");

// Now that SPIFFS is ready, we can create or load the certificate

SSLCert *cert = getCertificate();

if (cert == NULL) {

Serial.println("Could not load certificate. Stop.");

while(true);

}

// Initialize event structure:

for(int i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {

events[i].active = false;

events[i].gpio = 0;

events[i].state = LOW;

events[i].time = 0;

}

// Connect to WiFi

Serial.println("Setting up WiFi");

WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PSK);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

Serial.print(".");

delay(500);

}

Serial.print("Connected. IP=");

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

// Create the server with the certificate we loaded before

secureServer = new HTTPSServer(cert);

// We register the SPIFFS handler as the default node, so every request that does

// not hit any other node will be redirected to the file system.

ResourceNode * spiffsNode = new ResourceNode("", "", &handleSPIFFS);

secureServer->setDefaultNode(spiffsNode);

// Add a handler that serves the current system uptime at GET /api/uptime

ResourceNode * uptimeNode = new ResourceNode("/api/uptime", "GET", &handleGetUptime);

secureServer->registerNode(uptimeNode);

// Add the handler nodes that deal with modifying the events:

ResourceNode * getEventsNode = new ResourceNode("/api/events", "GET", &handleGetEvents);

secureServer->registerNode(getEventsNode);

ResourceNode * postEventNode = new ResourceNode("/api/events", "POST", &handlePostEvent);

secureServer->registerNode(postEventNode);

ResourceNode * deleteEventNode = new ResourceNode("/api/events/*", "DELETE", &handleDeleteEvent);

secureServer->registerNode(deleteEventNode);

Serial.println("Starting server...");

secureServer->start();

if (secureServer->isRunning()) {

Serial.println("Server ready.");

}

void loop() {

// This call will let the server do its work

secureServer->loop();

// Here we handle the events

unsigned long now = millis() / 1000;

for (int i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {

// Only handle active events:

if (events[i].active) {

// Only if the counter has recently been exceeded

if (events[i].time < now) {

// Apply the state change

digitalWrite(events[i].gpio, events[i].state);

// Deactivate the event so it doesn't fire again

events[i].active = false;

}

// Other code would go here...

delay(1);

}

/**

* This function will either read the certificate and private key from SPIFFS or

* create a self-signed certificate and write it to SPIFFS for next boot

SSLCert * getCertificate() {

// Try to open key and cert file to see if they exist

File keyFile = SPIFFS.open("/key.der");

File certFile = SPIFFS.open("/cert.der");

// If now, create them

if (!keyFile || !certFile || keyFile.size()==0 || certFile.size()==0) {

Serial.println("No certificate found in SPIFFS, generating a new one for you.");

Serial.println("If you face a Guru Meditation, give the script another try (or two...).");

Serial.println("This may take up to a minute, so please stand by :)");

SSLCert * newCert = new SSLCert();

// The part after the CN= is the domain that this certificate will match, in this

// case, it's esp32.local.

// However, as the certificate is self-signed, your browser won't trust the server

// anyway.

int res = createSelfSignedCert(*newCert, KEYSIZE_1024, "CN=esp32.local,O=acme,C=DE");

if (res == 0) {

// We now have a certificate. We store it on the SPIFFS to restore it on next boot.

bool failure = false;

// Private key

keyFile = SPIFFS.open("/key.der", FILE_WRITE);

if (!keyFile || !keyFile.write(newCert->getPKData(), newCert->getPKLength())) {

Serial.println("Could not write /key.der");

failure = true;

}

if (keyFile) keyFile.close();

// Certificate

certFile = SPIFFS.open("/cert.der", FILE_WRITE);

if (!certFile || !certFile.write(newCert->getCertData(), newCert->getCertLength())) {

Serial.println("Could not write /cert.der");

failure = true;

}

if (certFile) certFile.close();

if (failure) {

Serial.println("Certificate could not be stored permanently, generating new certificate on reboot...");

}

return newCert;

} else {

// Certificate generation failed. Inform the user.

Serial.println("An error occured during certificate generation.");

Serial.print("Error code is 0x");

Serial.println(res, HEX);

Serial.println("You may have a look at SSLCert.h to find the reason for this error.");

return NULL;

}

} else {

Serial.println("Reading certificate from SPIFFS.");

// The files exist, so we can create a certificate based on them

size_t keySize = keyFile.size();

size_t certSize = certFile.size();

uint8_t * keyBuffer = new uint8_t[keySize];

if (keyBuffer == NULL) {

Serial.println("Not enough memory to load privat key");

return NULL;

}

uint8_t * certBuffer = new uint8_t[certSize];

if (certBuffer == NULL) {

delete[] keyBuffer;

Serial.println("Not enough memory to load certificate");

return NULL;

}

keyFile.read(keyBuffer, keySize);

certFile.read(certBuffer, certSize);

// Close the files

keyFile.close();

certFile.close();

Serial.printf("Read %u bytes of certificate and %u bytes of key from SPIFFS\n", certSize, keySize);

return new SSLCert(certBuffer, certSize, keyBuffer, keySize);

}

/**

* This handler function will try to load the requested resource from SPIFFS's /public folder.

* If the method is not GET, it will throw 405, if the file is not found, it will throw 404.

void handleSPIFFS(HTTPRequest * req, HTTPResponse * res) {

// We only handle GET here

if (req->getMethod() == "GET") {

// Redirect / to /index.html

std::string reqFile = req->getRequestString()=="/" ? "/index.html" : req->getRequestString();

// Try to open the file

std::string filename = std::string(DIR_PUBLIC) + reqFile;

// Check if the file exists

if (!SPIFFS.exists(filename.c_str())) {

// Send "405 Method not allowed" as response

res->setStatusCode(404);

res->setStatusText("Not found");

res->println("404 Not Found");

return;

}

File file = SPIFFS.open(filename.c_str());

// Set length

res->setHeader("Content-Length", httpsserver::intToString(file.size()));

// Content-Type is guessed using the definition of the contentTypes-table defined above

int cTypeIdx = 0;

do {

if(reqFile.rfind(contentTypes[cTypeIdx][0])!=std::string::npos) {

res->setHeader("Content-Type", contentTypes[cTypeIdx][1]);

break;

}

cTypeIdx+=1;

} while(strlen(contentTypes[cTypeIdx][0])>0);

// Read the file and write it to the response

uint8_t buffer[256];

size_t length = 0;

do {

length = file.read(buffer, 256);

res->write(buffer, length);

} while (length > 0);

file.close();

} else {

// If there's any body, discard it

req->discardRequestBody();

// Send "405 Method not allowed" as response

res->setStatusCode(405);

res->setStatusText("Method not allowed");

res->println("405 Method not allowed");

}

/**

* This function will return the uptime in seconds as JSON object:

* {"uptime": 42}

void handleGetUptime(HTTPRequest * req, HTTPResponse * res) {

// Create a buffer of size 1 (pretty simple, we have just one key here)

StaticJsonBuffer<JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1)> jsonBuffer;

// Create an object at the root

JsonObject& obj = jsonBuffer.createObject();

// Set the uptime key to the uptime in seconds

obj["uptime"] = millis()/1000;

// Set the content type of the response

res->setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");

// As HTTPResponse implements the Print interface, this works fine. Just remember

// to use *, as we only have a pointer to the HTTPResponse here:

obj.printTo(*res);

}

/**

* This handler will return a JSON array of currently active events for GET /api/events

void handleGetEvents(HTTPRequest * req, HTTPResponse * res) {

// We need to calculate the capacity of the json buffer

int activeEvents = 0;

for(int i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {

if (events[i].active) activeEvents++;

}

// For each active event, we need 1 array element with 4 objects

const size_t capacity = JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(activeEvents) + activeEvents * JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(4);

// DynamicJsonBuffer is created on the heap instead of the stack

DynamicJsonBuffer jsonBuffer(capacity);

JsonArray& arr = jsonBuffer.createArray();

for(int i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) {

if (events[i].active) {

JsonObject& eventObj = arr.createNestedObject();

eventObj["gpio"] = events[i].gpio;

eventObj["state"] = events[i].state;

eventObj["time"] = events[i].time;

// Add the index to allow delete and post to identify the element

eventObj["id"] = i;

}

// Print to response

res->setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");

arr.printTo(*res);

}

void handlePostEvent(HTTPRequest * req, HTTPResponse * res) {

// We expect an object with 4 elements and add some buffer

const size_t capacity = JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(4) + 180;

DynamicJsonBuffer jsonBuffer(capacity);

// Create buffer to read request

char * buffer = new char[capacity + 1];

memset(buffer, 0, capacity+1);

// Try to read request into buffer

size_t idx = 0;

// while "not everything read" or "buffer is full"

while (!req->requestComplete() && idx < capacity) {

idx += req->readChars(buffer + idx, capacity-idx);

}

// If the request is still not read completely, we cannot process it.

if (!req->requestComplete()) {

res->setStatusCode(413);

res->setStatusText("Request entity too large");

res->println("413 Request entity too large");

// Clean up

delete[] buffer;

return;

}

// Parse the object

JsonObject& reqObj = jsonBuffer.parseObject(buffer);

// Check input data types

bool dataValid = true;

if (!reqObj.is<long>("time") || !reqObj.is<int>("gpio") || !reqObj.is<int>("state")) {

dataValid = false;

}

// Check actual values

unsigned long eTime = 0;

int eGpio = 0;

int eState = LOW;

if (dataValid) {

eTime = reqObj["time"];

if (eTime < millis()/1000) dataValid = false;

eGpio = reqObj["gpio"];

if (!(eGpio == 25 || eGpio == 26 || eGpio == 27 || eGpio == 32 || eGpio == 33)) dataValid = false;

eState = reqObj["state"];

if (eState != HIGH && eState != LOW) dataValid = false;

}

// Clean up, we don't need the buffer any longer

delete[] buffer;

// If something failed: 400

if (!dataValid) {

res->setStatusCode(400);

res->setStatusText("Bad Request");

res->println("400 Bad Request");

return;

}

// Try to find an inactive event in the list to write the data to

int eventID = -1;

for(int i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS && eventID==-1; i++) {

if (!events[i].active) {

eventID = i;

events[i].gpio = eGpio;

events[i].time = eTime;

events[i].state = eState;

events[i].active = true;

}

// Check if we could store the event

if (eventID>-1) {

// Create a buffer for the response

StaticJsonBuffer<JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(4)> resBuffer;

// Create an object at the root

JsonObject& resObj = resBuffer.createObject();

// Set the uptime key to the uptime in seconds

resObj["gpio"] = events[eventID].gpio;

resObj["state"] = events[eventID].state;

resObj["time"] = events[eventID].time;

resObj["id"] = eventID;

// Write the response

res->setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");

resObj.printTo(*res);

} else {

// We could not store the event, no free slot.

res->setStatusCode(507);

res->setStatusText("Insufficient storage");

res->println("507 Insufficient storage");

}

/**

* This handler will delete an event (meaning: deactive the event)

void handleDeleteEvent(HTTPRequest * req, HTTPResponse * res) {

// Access the parameter from the URL. See Parameters example for more details on this

ResourceParameters * params = req->getParams();

uint16_t eid = params->getUrlParameterInt(0);

if (eid < MAX_EVENTS) {

// Set the inactive flag

events[eid].active = false;

// And return a successful response without body

res->setStatusCode(204);

res->setStatusText("No Content");

} else {

// Send error message

res->setStatusCode(400);

res->setStatusText("Bad Request");

res->println("400 Bad Request");

}

esp32_https_server/examples/REST-API/REST-API.ino at develop · longinut/esp32_https_server · GitHub

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