plotdevice-libs/en/plural.py at master · plotdevice/plotdevice-libs · GitHub

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# PLURAL - last updated for NodeBox 1rc7

# Author: Tom De Smedt <tomdesmedt@organisms.be>

# See LICENSE.txt for details.

# Based on "An Algorithmic Approach to English Pluralization" by Damian Conway:

# http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~damian/papers/HTML/Plurals.html

# Prepositions are used to solve things like

# "mother-in-law" or "man at arms"

plural_prepositions = ["about", "above", "across", "after", "among", "around", "at", "athwart", "before", "behind", "below", "beneath", "beside", "besides", "between", "betwixt", "beyond", "but", "by", "during", "except", "for", "from", "in", "into", "near", "of", "off", "on", "onto", "out", "over", "since", "till", "to", "under", "until", "unto", "upon", "with"]

# Inflection rules that are either general,

# or apply to a certain category of words,

# or apply to a certain category of words only in classical mode,

# or apply only in classical mode.

# Each rule consists of:

# suffix, inflection, category and classic flag.

plural_rules = [

# 0/ Indefinite articles and demonstratives.

[

["^a$|^an$", "some", None, False],

["^this$", "these", None, False],

["^that$", "those", None, False],

["^any$", "all", None, False]

# 1/ Possessive adjectives.

# Overlaps with 1/ for "his" and "its".

# Overlaps with 2/ for "her".

[

["^my$", "our", None, False],

["^your$|^thy$", "your", None, False],

["^her$|^his$|^its$|^their$", "their", None, False]

# 2/

# Possessive pronouns.

[

["^mine$", "ours", None, False],

["^yours$|^thine$", "yours", None, False],

["^hers$|^his$|^its$|^theirs$", "theirs", None, False]

# 3/

# Personal pronouns.

[

["^I$", "we", None, False],

["^me$", "us", None, False],

["^myself$", "ourselves", None, False],

["^you$", "you", None, False],

["^thou$|^thee$", "ye", None, False],

["^yourself$|^thyself$", "yourself", None, False],

["^she$|^he$|^it$|^they$", "they", None, False],

["^her$|^him$|^it$|^them$", "them", None, False],

["^herself$|^himself$|^itself$|^themself$", "themselves", None, False],

["^oneself$", "oneselves", None, False]

# 4/

# Words that do not inflect.

[

["$", "", "uninflected", False],

["$", "", "uncountable", False],

["s$", "s", "s-singular", False],

["fish$", "fish", None, False],

["([- ])bass$", "\\1bass", None, False],

["ois$", "ois", None, False],

["sheep$", "sheep", None, False],

["deer$", "deer", None, False],

["pox$", "pox", None, False],

["([A-Z].*)ese$", "\\1ese", None, False],

["itis$", "itis", None, False],

# 5/

# Irregular plurals.

# (mongoose, oxen).

[

["atlas$", "atlantes", None, True],

["atlas$", "atlases", None, False],

["beef$", "beeves", None, True],

["brother$", "brethren", None, True],

["child$", "children", None, False],

["corpus$", "corpora", None, True],

["corpus$", "corpuses", None, False],

["^cow$", "kine", None, True],

["ephemeris$", "ephemerides", None, False],

["ganglion$", "ganglia", None, True],

["genie$", "genii", None, True],

["genus$", "genera", None, False],

["graffito$", "graffiti", None, False],

["loaf$", "loaves", None, False],

["money$", "monies", None, True],

["mongoose$", "mongooses", None, False],

["mythos$", "mythoi", None, False],

["octopus$", "octopodes", None, True],

["opus$", "opera", None, True],

["opus$", "opuses", None, False],

["^ox$", "oxen", None, False],

["penis$", "penes", None, True],

["penis$", "penises", None, False],

["soliloquy$", "soliloquies", None, False],

["testis$", "testes", None, False],

["trilby$", "trilbys", None, False],

["turf$", "turves", None, True],

["numen$", "numena", None, False],

["occiput$", "occipita", None, True],

# 6/

# Irregular inflections for common suffixes

# (synopses, mice, men).

[

["man$", "men", None, False],

["person$", "people", None, False],

["([lm])ouse$", "\\1ice", None, False],

["tooth$", "teeth", None, False],

["goose$", "geese", None, False],

["foot$", "feet", None, False],

["zoon$", "zoa", None, False],

["([csx])is$", "\\1es", None, False]

# 7/

# Fully assimilated classical inflections

# (vertebrae, codices).

[

["ex$", "ices", "ex-ices", False],

["ex$", "ices", "ex-ices-classical", True],

["um$", "a", "um-a", False],

["um$", "a", "um-a-classical", True],

["on$", "a", "on-a", False],

["a$", "ae", "a-ae", False],

["a$", "ae", "a-ae-classical", True]

# 8/

# Classical variants of modern inflections

# (stigmata, soprani).

[

["trix$", "trices", None, True],

["eau$", "eaux", None, True],

["ieu$", "ieu", None, True],

["([iay])nx$", "\\1nges", None, True],

["en$", "ina", "en-ina-classical", True],

["a$", "ata", "a-ata-classical", True],

["is$", "ides", "is-ides-classical", True],

["us$", "i", "us-i-classical", True],

["us$", "us", "us-us-classical", True],

["o$", "i", "o-i-classical", True],

["$", "i", "-i-classical", True],

["$", "im", "-im-classical", True]

# 9/

# -ch, -sh and -ss take -es in the plural

# (churches, classes).

[

["([cs])h$", "\\1hes", None, False],

["ss$", "sses", None, False],

["x$", "xes", None, False]

# 10/

# Certain words ending in -f or -fe take -ves in the plural

# (lives, wolves).

[

["([aeo]l)f$", "\\1ves", None, False],

["([^d]ea)f$", "\\1ves", None, False],

["arf$", "arves", None, False],

["([nlw]i)fe$", "\\1ves", None, False],

# 11/

# -y takes -ys if preceded by a vowel,

# or when a proper noun,

# but -ies if preceded by a consonant

# (storeys, Marys, stories).

[

["([aeiou])y$", "\\1ys", None, False],

["([A-Z].*)y$", "\\1ys", None, False],

["y$", "ies", None, False]

# 12/

# Some words ending in -o take -os,

# the rest take -oes.

# Words in which the -o is preceded by a vowel always take -os

# (lassos, potatoes, bamboos).

[

["o$", "os", "o-os", False],

["([aeiou])o$", "\\1os", None, False],

["o$", "oes", None, False]

# 13/

# Miltary stuff (Major Generals).

[

["l$", "ls", "general-generals", False]

# 14/

# Otherwise, assume that the plural just adds -s

# (cats, programmes).

[

["$", "s", None, False]

]

# Suffix categories

plural_categories = {

"uninflected" : ["bison", "bream", "breeches", "britches", "carp", "chassis", "clippers", "cod", "contretemps", "corps", "debris", "diabetes", "djinn", "eland", "elk", "flounder", "gallows", "graffiti", "headquarters", "herpes", "high-jinks", "homework", "innings", "jackanapes", "mackerel", "measles", "mews", "mumps", "news", "pincers", "pliers", "proceedings", "rabies", "salmon", "scissors", "series", "shears", "species", "swine", "trout", "tuna", "whiting", "wildebeest"],

"uncountable" : ["advice", "bread", "butter", "cheese", "electricity", "equipment", "fruit", "furniture", "garbage", "gravel", "happiness", "information", "ketchup", "knowledge", "love", "luggage", "mathematics", "mayonnaise", "meat", "mustard", "news", "progress", "research", "rice", "sand", "software", "understanding", "water"],

"s-singular" : ["acropolis", "aegis", "alias", "asbestos", "bathos", "bias", "caddis", "cannabis", "canvas", "chaos", "cosmos", "dais", "digitalis", "epidermis", "ethos", "gas", "glottis", "glottis", "ibis", "lens", "mantis", "marquis", "metropolis", "pathos", "pelvis", "polis", "rhinoceros", "sassafras", "trellis"],

"ex-ices" : ["codex", "murex", "silex"],

"ex-ices-classical" : ["apex", "cortex", "index", "latex", "pontifex", "simplex", "vertex", "vortex"],

"um-a" : ["agendum", "bacterium", "candelabrum", "datum", "desideratum", "erratum", "extremum", "ovum", "stratum"],

"um-a-classical" : ["aquarium", "compendium", "consortium", "cranium", "curriculum", "dictum", "emporium", "enconium", "gymnasium", "honorarium", "interregnum", "lustrum", "maximum", "medium", "memorandum", "millenium", "minimum", "momentum", "optimum", "phylum", "quantum", "rostrum", "spectrum", "speculum", "stadium", "trapezium", "ultimatum", "vacuum", "velum"],

"on-a" : ["aphelion", "asyndeton", "criterion", "hyperbaton", "noumenon", "organon", "perihelion", "phenomenon", "prolegomenon"],

"a-ae" : ["alga", "alumna", "vertebra"],

"a-ae-classical" : ["abscissa", "amoeba", "antenna", "aurora", "formula", "hydra", "hyperbola", "lacuna", "medusa", "nebula", "nova", "parabola"],

"en-ina-classical" : ["foramen", "lumen", "stamen"],

"a-ata-classical" : ["anathema", "bema", "carcinoma", "charisma", "diploma", "dogma", "drama", "edema", "enema", "enigma", "gumma", "lemma", "lymphoma", "magma", "melisma", "miasma", "oedema", "sarcoma", "schema", "soma", "stigma", "stoma", "trauma"],

"is-ides-classical" : ["clitoris", "iris"],

"us-i-classical" : ["focus", "fungus", "genius", "incubus", "nimbus", "nucleolus", "radius", "stylus", "succubus", "torus", "umbilicus", "uterus"],

"us-us-classical" : ["apparatus", "cantus", "coitus", "hiatus", "impetus", "nexus", "plexus", "prospectus", "sinus", "status"],

"o-i-classical" : ["alto", "basso", "canto", "contralto", "crescendo", "solo", "soprano", "tempo"],

"-i-classical" : ["afreet", "afrit", "efreet"],

"-im-classical" : ["cherub", "goy", "seraph"],

"o-os" : ["albino", "archipelago", "armadillo", "commando", "ditto", "dynamo", "embryo", "fiasco", "generalissimo", "ghetto", "guano", "inferno", "jumbo", "lingo", "lumbago", "magneto", "manifesto", "medico", "octavo", "photo", "pro", "quarto", "rhino", "stylo"],

"general-generals" : ["Adjutant", "Brigadier", "Lieutenant", "Major", "Quartermaster",

"adjutant", "brigadier", "lieutenant", "major", "quartermaster"],

}

NOUN = "noun"

ADJECTIVE = "adjective"

def plural(word, pos=NOUN, classical=True, custom={}):

""" Returns the plural of a given word.

For example: child -> children.

Handles nouns and adjectives, using classical inflection by default

(e.g. where "matrix" pluralizes to "matrices" instead of "matrixes".

The custom dictionary is for user-defined replacements.

"""

if word in list(custom.keys()):

return custom[word]

# Recursion of genitives

# remove the apostrophe and any trailing -s,

# form the plural of the resultant noun, and then append an apostrophe.

# (dog's -> dogs')

if (len(word) > 0 and word[-1] == ",") or \

(len(word) > 1 and word[-2:] == "'s"):

owner = word.rstrip("'s")

owners = plural(owner, classical, custom)

if owners[-1] == "s":

return owners + "'"

else:

return owners + "'s"

# Recursion of compound words

# (Postmasters General, mothers-in-law, Roman deities).

words = word.replace("-", " ").split(" ")

if len(words) > 1:

if words[1] == "general" or words[1] == "General" and \

words[0] not in categories["general-generals"]:

return word.replace(words[0], plural(words[0], classical, custom))

elif words[1] in plural_prepositions:

return word.replace(words[0], plural(words[0], classical, custom))

else:

return word.replace(words[-1], plural(words[-1], classical, custom))

# Only a very few number of adjectives inflect.

n = list(range(len(plural_rules)))

if pos == ADJECTIVE:

n = [0, 1]

import re

for i in n:

ruleset = plural_rules[i]

for rule in ruleset:

suffix, inflection, category, classic = rule

# A general rule,

# or a classic rule in classical mode.

if category == None:

if not classic or (classic and classical):

if re.search(suffix, word) is not None:

return re.sub(suffix, inflection, word)

# A rule relating to a specific category of words

if category != None:

if word in plural_categories[category] and (not classic or (classic and classical)):

plotdevice-libs/en/plural.py at master · plotdevice/plotdevice-libs · GitHub

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