LearnPython/python_visual.py at master · psvm-enter/LearnPython · GitHub

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# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_

"""

python_visual.py by xianhu

"""

import numpy as np

import matplotlib

import matplotlib.mlab as mlab

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import matplotlib.font_manager as fm

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

# 解决中文乱码问题

myfont = fm.FontProperties(fname="/Library/Fonts/Songti.ttc", size=14)

matplotlib.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False

def simple_plot():

"""

simple plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)

y_cos, y_sin = np.cos(x), np.sin(x)

# 生成画布，并设定标题

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6), dpi=80)

plt.title("简单曲线图", fontproperties=myfont)

plt.grid(True)

# 设置X轴

plt.xlabel("X轴", fontproperties=myfont)

plt.xlim(-4.0, 4.0)

plt.xticks(np.linspace(-4, 4, 9, endpoint=True))

# 设置Y轴

plt.ylabel("Y轴", fontproperties=myfont)

plt.ylim(-1.0, 1.0)

plt.yticks(np.linspace(-1, 1, 9, endpoint=True))

# 画两条曲线

plt.plot(x, y_cos, "b--", linewidth=2.0, label="cos示例")

plt.plot(x, y_sin, "g-", linewidth=2.0, label="sin示例")

# 设置图例位置,loc可以为[upper, lower, left, right, center]

plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# simple_plot()

def simple_advanced_plot():

"""

simple advanced plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)

y_cos, y_sin = np.cos(x), np.sin(x)

# 生成画布, 并设定标题

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6), dpi=80)

plt.title("复杂曲线图", fontproperties=myfont)

plt.grid(True)

# 画图的另外一种方式

ax_1 = plt.subplot(111)

ax_1.plot(x, y_cos, color="blue", linewidth=2.0, linestyle="--", label="左cos")

ax_1.legend(loc="upper left", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

# 设置Y轴(左边)

ax_1.set_ylabel("左cos的y轴", fontproperties=myfont)

ax_1.set_ylim(-1.0, 1.0)

ax_1.set_yticks(np.linspace(-1, 1, 9, endpoint=True))

# 画图的另外一种方式

ax_2 = ax_1.twinx()

ax_2.plot(x, y_sin, color="green", linewidth=2.0, linestyle="-", label="右sin")

ax_2.legend(loc="upper right", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

# 设置Y轴(右边)

ax_2.set_ylabel("右sin的y轴", fontproperties=myfont)

ax_2.set_ylim(-2.0, 2.0)

ax_2.set_yticks(np.linspace(-2, 2, 9, endpoint=True))

# 设置X轴(共同)

ax_1.set_xlabel("x轴", fontproperties=myfont)

ax_1.set_xlim(-4.0, 4.0)

ax_1.set_xticks(np.linspace(-4, 4, 9, endpoint=True))

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# simple_advanced_plot()

def subplot_plot():

"""

subplot plot

"""

# 子图的style列表

style_list = ["g+-", "r*-", "b.-", "yo-"]

# 依次画图

for num in range(4):

# 生成测试数据

x = np.linspace(0.0, 2+num, num=10*(num+1))

y = np.sin((5-num) * np.pi * x)

# 子图的生成方式

plt.subplot(2, 2, num+1)

plt.title("子图 %d" % (num+1), fontproperties=myfont)

plt.plot(x, y, style_list[num])

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# subplot_plot()

def bar_plot():

"""

bar plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

means_men = (20, 35, 30, 35, 27)

means_women = (25, 32, 34, 20, 25)

# 设置标题

plt.title("柱状图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 设置相关参数

index = np.arange(len(means_men))

bar_width = 0.35

# 画柱状图

plt.bar(index, means_men, width=bar_width, alpha=0.2, color="b", label="男生")

plt.bar(index+bar_width, means_women, width=bar_width, alpha=0.8, color="r", label="女生")

plt.legend(loc="upper right", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

# 设置柱状图标示

for x, y in zip(index, means_men):

plt.text(x, y+0.3, y, ha="center", va="bottom")

for x, y in zip(index, means_women):

plt.text(x+bar_width, y+0.3, y, ha="center", va="bottom")

# 设置刻度范围/坐标轴名称等

plt.ylim(0, 45)

plt.xlabel("分组Group", fontproperties=myfont)

plt.ylabel("得分Scores", fontproperties=myfont)

plt.xticks(index+(bar_width/2), ("A组", "B组", "C组", "D组", "E组"), fontproperties=myfont)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# bar_plot()

def barh_plot():

"""

barh plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

means_men = (20, 35, 30, 35, 27)

means_women = (25, 32, 34, 20, 25)

# 设置标题

plt.title("横向柱状图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 设置相关参数

index = np.arange(len(means_men))

bar_height = 0.35

# 画柱状图(水平方向)

plt.barh(index, means_men, height=bar_height, alpha=0.2, color="b", label="Men")

plt.barh(index+bar_height, means_women, height=bar_height, alpha=0.8, color="r", label="Women")

plt.legend(loc="upper right", shadow=True)

# 设置柱状图标示

for x, y in zip(index, means_men):

plt.text(y+0.3, x, y, ha="left", va="center")

for x, y in zip(index, means_women):

plt.text(y+0.3, x+bar_height, y, ha="left", va="center")

# 设置刻度范围/坐标轴名称等

plt.xlim(0, 45)

plt.xlabel("Scores")

plt.ylabel("Group")

plt.yticks(index+(bar_height/2), ("A", "B", "C", "D", "E"))

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# barh_plot()

def bar_advanced_plot():

"""

bar advanced plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

means_men = np.array((20, 35, 30, 35, 27, 25, 32, 34, 20, 25))

means_women = np.array((25, 32, 34, 20, 25, 20, 35, 30, 35, 27))

# 设置标题

plt.title("高级柱状图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 设置相关参数

index = np.arange(len(means_men))

bar_width = 0.8

# 画柱状图(两种:X轴以上/X轴以下)

plt.bar(index, means_men, width=bar_width, alpha=0.4, color="b", label="Men")

plt.bar(index, -means_women, width=bar_width, alpha=0.4, color="r", label="Women")

# 画折线图(两种,和柱状图对应)

plt.plot(index, means_men, marker="o", linestyle="-", color="r", label="Men line")

plt.plot(index, -means_women, marker=".", linestyle="--", color="b", label="Women line")

# 设置图形标示(两种,和柱状图对应)

for x, y in zip(index, means_men):

plt.text(x, y+1, y, ha="center", va="bottom")

for x, y in zip(index, means_women):

plt.text(x, -y-1, y, ha="center", va="top")

# 设置Y轴和图例位置

plt.ylim(-45, 80)

plt.legend(loc="upper left", shadow=True)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# bar_advanced_plot()

def table_plot():

"""

table plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

data = np.array([

[1, 4, 2, 5, 2],

[2, 1, 1, 3, 6],

[5, 3, 6, 4, 1]

])

# 设置标题

plt.title("层次柱状图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 设置相关参数

index = np.arange(len(data[0]))

color_index = ["r", "g", "b"]

# 声明底部位置

bottom = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

# 依次画图,并更新底部位置

for i in range(len(data)):

plt.bar(index, data[i], width=0.5, color=color_index[i], bottom=bottom, alpha=0.7, label="标签 %d" % i)

bottom += data[i]

# 设置图例位置

plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# table_plot()

def histograms_plot():

"""

histograms plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

mu, sigma = 100, 15

x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

# 设置标题

plt.title("直方图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 画直方图, 并返回相关结果

n, bins, patches = plt.hist(x, bins=50, normed=1, cumulative=False, color="green", alpha=0.6, label="直方图")

# 根据直方图返回的结果, 画折线图

y = mlab.normpdf(bins, mu, sigma)

plt.plot(bins, y, "r--", label="线条")

# 设置图例位置

plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop=myfont, shadow=True)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# histograms_plot()

def pie_plot():

"""

pie plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

sizes = [15, 30, 45, 10]

labels = ["Frogs", "中文", "Dogs", "Logs"]

colors = ["yellowgreen", "gold", "lightskyblue", "lightcoral"]

# 设置标题

plt.title("饼图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 设置突出参数

explode = [0, 0.05, 0, 0]

# 画饼状图

patches, l_text, p_text = plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct="%1.1f%%", shadow=True, startangle=90)

for text in l_text:

text.set_fontproperties(myfont)

plt.axis("equal")

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# pie_plot()

def scatter_plot():

"""

scatter plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

point_count = 1000

x_index = np.random.random(point_count)

y_index = np.random.random(point_count)

# 设置标题

plt.title("散点图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 设置相关参数

color_list = np.random.random(point_count)

scale_list = np.random.random(point_count) * 100

# 画散点图

plt.scatter(x_index, y_index, s=scale_list, c=color_list, marker="o")

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# scatter_plot()

def fill_plot():

"""

fill plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

x = np.linspace(-2*np.pi, 2*np.pi, 1000, endpoint=True)

y = np.sin(x)

# 设置标题

plt.title("填充图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 画图

plt.plot(x, y, color="blue", alpha=1.00)

# 填充图形, plt.fill_between(x, y1, y2, where=None, *kwargs)

plt.fill_between(x, 0, y, where=(y > 0), color="blue", alpha=0.25)

plt.fill_between(x, 0, y, where=(y < 0), color="red", alpha=0.25)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# fill_plot()

def radar_plot():

"""

radar plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

labels = np.array(["A组", "B组", "C组", "D组", "E组", "F组"])

data = np.array([68, 83, 90, 77, 89, 73])

theta = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, len(data), endpoint=False)

# 数据预处理

data = np.concatenate((data, [data[0]]))

theta = np.concatenate((theta, [theta[0]]))

# 画图方式

plt.subplot(111, polar=True)

plt.title("雷达图", fontproperties=myfont)

# 设置"theta grid"/"radar grid"

plt.thetagrids(theta*(180/np.pi), labels=labels, fontproperties=myfont)

plt.rgrids(np.arange(20, 100, 20), labels=np.arange(20, 100, 20), angle=0)

plt.ylim(0, 100)

# 画雷达图,并填充雷达图内部区域

plt.plot(theta, data, "bo-", linewidth=2)

plt.fill(theta, data, color="red", alpha=0.25)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# radar_plot()

def three_dimension_scatter():

"""

3d scatter plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

x = np.random.random(100)

y = np.random.random(100)

z = np.random.random(100)

color = np.random.random(100)

scale = np.random.random(100) * 100

# 生成画布(两种形式)

fig = plt.figure()

fig.suptitle("三维散点图", fontproperties=myfont)

# ax = fig.gca(projection="3d")

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")

# 画三维散点图

ax.scatter(x, y, z, s=scale, c=color, marker=".")

# 设置坐标轴图标

ax.set_xlabel("X Label")

ax.set_ylabel("Y Label")

ax.set_zlabel("Z Label")

# 设置坐标轴范围

ax.set_xlim(0, 1)

ax.set_ylim(0, 1)

ax.set_zlim(0, 1)

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# three_dimension_scatter()

def three_dimension_line():

"""

3d line plot

"""

# 生成测试数据

x = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000)

y = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000)

z = np.sin(x * 2 * np.pi) / (y + 0.1)

# 生成画布(两种形式)

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection="3d", title="plot title")

# ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d", title="plot title")

# 画三维折线图

ax.plot(x, y, z, color="red", linestyle="-")

# 设置坐标轴图标

ax.set_xlabel("X Label")

ax.set_ylabel("Y Label")

ax.set_zlabel("Z Label")

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# three_dimension_line()

def three_dimension_bar():

"""

3d bar plot

"""

# 生成测试数据(位置数据)

xpos = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

ypos = [2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 6, 2, 1, 7, 2]

zpos = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

# 生成测试数据(柱形参数)

dx = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]

dy = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]

dz = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

# 生成画布(两种形式)

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection="3d", title="plot title")

# 画三维柱状图

ax.bar3d(xpos, ypos, zpos, dx, dy, dz, alpha=0.5)

# 设置坐标轴图标

ax.set_xlabel("X Label")

ax.set_ylabel("Y Label")

ax.set_zlabel("Z Label")

# 图形显示

plt.show()

return

# three_dimension_bar()

LearnPython/python_visual.py at master · psvm-enter/LearnPython · GitHub

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