cpython/Lib/turtle.py at 3.15 · python/cpython · GitHub

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# turtle.py: a Tkinter based turtle graphics module for Python

# Version 1.1b - 4. 5. 2009

# email: glingl@aon.at

# This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied

# warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages

# arising from the use of this software.

# Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,

# including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it

# freely, subject to the following restrictions:

# 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not

# claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software

# in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be

# appreciated but is not required.

# 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be

# misrepresented as being the original software.

# 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

"""

Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane.

After an `import turtle`, give it the command `turtle.forward(15)`, and it

moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as

it moves. Give it the command `turtle.right(25)`, and it rotates in-place 25

degrees clockwise.

Turtle graphics is an implementation of the drawing tools introduced in Logo

in 1967. It was created as an educational tool, and its instant, visible

feedback makes it an effective way for learners to encounter programming

concepts. It is also a convenient way to produce simple graphical output

without bringing in external libraries.

"""

import tkinter as TK

import types

import math

import time

import inspect

import sys

from os.path import isfile, split, join

from pathlib import Path

from contextlib import contextmanager

from copy import deepcopy

from tkinter import simpledialog

_tg_classes = ['ScrolledCanvas', 'TurtleScreen', 'Screen',

'RawTurtle', 'Turtle', 'RawPen', 'Pen', 'Shape', 'Vec2D']

_tg_screen_functions = ['addshape', 'bgcolor', 'bgpic', 'bye',

'clearscreen', 'colormode', 'delay', 'exitonclick', 'getcanvas',

'getshapes', 'listen', 'mainloop', 'mode', 'no_animation', 'numinput',

'onkey', 'onkeypress', 'onkeyrelease', 'onscreenclick', 'ontimer',

'register_shape', 'resetscreen', 'screensize', 'save', 'setup',

'setworldcoordinates', 'textinput', 'title', 'tracer', 'turtles',

'update', 'window_height', 'window_width']

_tg_turtle_functions = ['back', 'backward', 'begin_fill', 'begin_poly', 'bk',

'circle', 'clear', 'clearstamp', 'clearstamps', 'clone', 'color',

'degrees', 'distance', 'dot', 'down', 'end_fill', 'end_poly', 'fd',

'fillcolor', 'fill', 'filling', 'forward', 'get_poly', 'getpen',

'getscreen', 'get_shapepoly', 'getturtle', 'goto', 'heading',

'hideturtle', 'home', 'ht', 'isdown', 'isvisible', 'left', 'lt',

'onclick', 'ondrag', 'onrelease', 'pd', 'pen', 'pencolor', 'pendown',

'pensize', 'penup', 'poly', 'pos', 'position', 'pu', 'radians', 'right',

'reset', 'resizemode', 'rt', 'seth', 'setheading', 'setpos',

'setposition', 'setundobuffer', 'setx', 'sety', 'shape', 'shapesize',

'shapetransform', 'shearfactor', 'showturtle', 'speed', 'st', 'stamp',

'teleport', 'tilt', 'tiltangle', 'towards', 'turtlesize', 'undo',

'undobufferentries', 'up', 'width',

'write', 'xcor', 'ycor']

_tg_utilities = ['write_docstringdict', 'done']

__all__ = (_tg_classes + _tg_screen_functions + _tg_turtle_functions +

_tg_utilities + ['Terminator'])

_alias_list = ['addshape', 'backward', 'bk', 'fd', 'ht', 'lt', 'pd', 'pos',

'pu', 'rt', 'seth', 'setpos', 'setposition', 'st',

'turtlesize', 'up', 'width']

_CFG = {"width" : 0.5, # Screen

"height" : 0.75,

"canvwidth" : 400,

"canvheight": 300,

"leftright": None,

"topbottom": None,

"mode": "standard", # TurtleScreen

"colormode": 1.0,

"delay": 10,

"undobuffersize": 1000, # RawTurtle

"shape": "classic",

"pencolor" : "black",

"fillcolor" : "black",

"resizemode" : "noresize",

"visible" : True,

"language": "english", # docstrings

"exampleturtle": "turtle",

"examplescreen": "screen",

"title": "Python Turtle Graphics",

"using_IDLE": False

}

def config_dict(filename):

"""Convert the content of a config file into a dict."""

with open(filename, "r") as f:

cfglines = f.readlines()

cfgdict = {}

for line in cfglines:

line = line.strip()

if not line or line.startswith("#"):

continue

try:

key, value = line.split("=")

except ValueError:

print("Bad line in config-file %s:\n%s" % (filename,line))

continue

key = key.strip()

value = value.strip()

if value in ["True", "False", "None", "''", '""']:

value = eval(value)

else:

try:

if "." in value:

value = float(value)

else:

value = int(value)

except ValueError:

pass # value need not be converted

cfgdict[key] = value

return cfgdict

def readconfig(cfgdict):

"""Read config files and update the configuration dict accordingly.

If there is a turtle.cfg file in the current working directory,

read it. If it contains an importconfig value, say 'myway',

use the filename turtle_myway.cfg, otherwise turtle.cfg, and

read that file from the directory where turtle.py is located.

The configuration dict is updated first from the config file in

the turtle.py directory, then from the one in the current working

directory. If no config file is found, the default configuration

is used.

"""

default_cfg = "turtle.cfg"

cfgdict1 = {}

cfgdict2 = {}

if isfile(default_cfg):

cfgdict1 = config_dict(default_cfg)

if "importconfig" in cfgdict1:

default_cfg = "turtle_%s.cfg" % cfgdict1["importconfig"]

try:

head, tail = split(__file__)

cfg_file2 = join(head, default_cfg)

except Exception:

cfg_file2 = ""

if isfile(cfg_file2):

cfgdict2 = config_dict(cfg_file2)

_CFG.update(cfgdict2)

_CFG.update(cfgdict1)

try:

readconfig(_CFG)

except Exception:

print ("No configfile read, reason unknown")

class Vec2D(tuple):

"""A two-dimensional vector class, used as a helper class for

implementing turtle graphics. May be useful for turtle graphics

programs too. Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple!

Provides (for a, b vectors, k number):

a + b: vector addition

a - b: vector subtraction

a * b: inner product

k * a and a * k: multiplication with scalar

abs(a): absolute value of a

a.rotate(angle): rotation

"""

def __new__(cls, x, y):

return tuple.__new__(cls, (x, y))

def __add__(self, other):

return Vec2D(self[0]+other[0], self[1]+other[1])

def __mul__(self, other):

if isinstance(other, Vec2D):

return self[0]*other[0]+self[1]*other[1]

return Vec2D(self[0]*other, self[1]*other)

def __rmul__(self, other):

if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, float):

return Vec2D(self[0]*other, self[1]*other)

return NotImplemented

def __sub__(self, other):

return Vec2D(self[0]-other[0], self[1]-other[1])

def __neg__(self):

return Vec2D(-self[0], -self[1])

def __abs__(self):

return math.hypot(*self)

def rotate(self, angle):

"""Rotate self counterclockwise by angle."""

perp = Vec2D(-self[1], self[0])

angle = math.radians(angle)

c, s = math.cos(angle), math.sin(angle)

return Vec2D(self[0]*c+perp[0]*s, self[1]*c+perp[1]*s)

def __getnewargs__(self):

return (self[0], self[1])

def __repr__(self):

return "(%.2f,%.2f)" % self

##############################################################################

### From here up to line : Tkinter - Interface for turtle.py ###

### May be replaced by an interface to some different graphics toolkit ###

##############################################################################

## helper functions for Scrolled Canvas, to forward Canvas-methods

## to ScrolledCanvas class

def __methodDict(cls, _dict):

"""Helper function for Scrolled Canvas."""

baseList = list(cls.__bases__)

baseList.reverse()

for _super in baseList:

__methodDict(_super, _dict)

for key, value in cls.__dict__.items():

if type(value) == types.FunctionType:

_dict[key] = value

def __methods(cls):

"""Helper function for Scrolled Canvas."""

_dict = {}

__methodDict(cls, _dict)

return _dict.keys()

__stringBody = (

'def %(method)s(self, *args, **kw): return ' +

'self.%(attribute)s.%(method)s(*args, **kw)')

def __forwardmethods(fromClass, toClass, toPart, exclude = ()):

### MANY CHANGES ###

_dict_1 = {}

__methodDict(toClass, _dict_1)

_dict = {}

mfc = __methods(fromClass)

for ex in _dict_1.keys():

if ex[:1] == '_' or ex[-1:] == '_' or ex in exclude or ex in mfc:

pass

else:

_dict[ex] = _dict_1[ex]

for method, func in _dict.items():

d = {'method': method, 'func': func}

if isinstance(toPart, str):

execString = \

__stringBody % {'method' : method, 'attribute' : toPart}

exec(execString, d)

setattr(fromClass, method, d[method]) ### NEWU!

class ScrolledCanvas(TK.Frame):

"""Modeled after the scrolled canvas class from Grayons's Tkinter book.

Used as the default canvas, which pops up automatically when

using turtle graphics functions or the Turtle class.

"""

def __init__(self, master, width=500, height=350,

canvwidth=600, canvheight=500):

TK.Frame.__init__(self, master, width=width, height=height)

self._rootwindow = self.winfo_toplevel()

self.width, self.height = width, height

self.canvwidth, self.canvheight = canvwidth, canvheight

self.bg = "white"

self._canvas = TK.Canvas(master, width=width, height=height,

bg=self.bg, relief=TK.SUNKEN, borderwidth=2)

self.hscroll = TK.Scrollbar(master, command=self._canvas.xview,

orient=TK.HORIZONTAL)

self.vscroll = TK.Scrollbar(master, command=self._canvas.yview)

self._canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self.hscroll.set,

yscrollcommand=self.vscroll.set)

self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=0)

self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=0)

self._canvas.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0,

column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news')

self.vscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0,

column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news')

self.hscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=1,

column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news')

self.reset()

self._rootwindow.bind('<Configure>', self.onResize)

def reset(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg = None):

"""Adjust canvas size, background color and scrollbars."""

if canvwidth:

self.canvwidth = canvwidth

if canvheight:

self.canvheight = canvheight

if bg:

self.bg = bg

self._canvas.config(bg=bg,

scrollregion=(-self.canvwidth//2, -self.canvheight//2,

self.canvwidth//2, self.canvheight//2))

self._canvas.xview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvwidth - self.width + 30) /

self.canvwidth)

self._canvas.yview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvheight- self.height + 30) /

self.canvheight)

self.adjustScrolls()

def adjustScrolls(self):

"""Adjust scrollbars according to window and canvas size."""

cwidth = self._canvas.winfo_width()

cheight = self._canvas.winfo_height()

self._canvas.xview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvwidth-cwidth)/self.canvwidth)

self._canvas.yview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvheight-cheight)/self.canvheight)

if cwidth < self.canvwidth or cheight < self.canvheight:

self.hscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=1,

column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news')

self.vscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0,

column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news')

else:

self.hscroll.grid_forget()

self.vscroll.grid_forget()

def onResize(self, event):

"""self-explanatory"""

self.adjustScrolls()

def bbox(self, *args):