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# err... reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the

# Python 2.2 license.

# Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx

# http://zooko.com/

# mailto:zooko@zooko.com

# Author: Skip Montanaro

# Author: Andrew Dalke

# Author: Skip Montanaro

# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and

# its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby

# granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,

# and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in

# supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,

# Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to

# distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.

"""program/module to trace Python program or function execution

Sample use, command line:

trace.py -c -f counts --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs

trace.py -t --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs

trace.py --trackcalls spam.py eggs

Sample use, programmatically

import sys

# create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to

# do tracing or line-counting or both.

tracer = trace.Trace(ignoredirs=[sys.base_prefix, sys.base_exec_prefix,],

trace=0, count=1)

# run the new command using the given tracer

tracer.run('main()')

# make a report, placing output in /tmp

r = tracer.results()

r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir="/tmp")

"""

__all__ = ['Trace', 'CoverageResults']

import io

import linecache

import os

import sys

import sysconfig

import token

import tokenize

import inspect

import gc

import dis

import pickle

from time import monotonic as _time

import threading

PRAGMA_NOCOVER = "#pragma NO COVER"

class _Ignore:

def __init__(self, modules=None, dirs=None):

self._mods = set() if not modules else set(modules)

self._dirs = [] if not dirs else [os.path.normpath(d)

for d in dirs]

self._ignore = { '<string>': 1 }

def names(self, filename, modulename):

if modulename in self._ignore:

return self._ignore[modulename]

# haven't seen this one before, so see if the module name is

# on the ignore list.

if modulename in self._mods: # Identical names, so ignore

self._ignore[modulename] = 1

return 1

# check if the module is a proper submodule of something on

# the ignore list

for mod in self._mods:

# Need to take some care since ignoring

# "cmp" mustn't mean ignoring "cmpcache" but ignoring

# "Spam" must also mean ignoring "Spam.Eggs".

if modulename.startswith(mod + '.'):

self._ignore[modulename] = 1

return 1

# Now check that filename isn't in one of the directories

if filename is None:

# must be a built-in, so we must ignore

self._ignore[modulename] = 1

return 1

# Ignore a file when it contains one of the ignorable paths

for d in self._dirs:

# The '+ os.sep' is to ensure that d is a parent directory,

# as compared to cases like:

# d = "/usr/local"

# filename = "/usr/local.py"

# or

# d = "/usr/local.py"

# filename = "/usr/local.py"

if filename.startswith(d + os.sep):

self._ignore[modulename] = 1

return 1

# Tried the different ways, so we don't ignore this module

self._ignore[modulename] = 0

return 0

def _modname(path):

"""Return a plausible module name for the path."""

base = os.path.basename(path)

filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base)

return filename

def _fullmodname(path):

"""Return a plausible module name for the path."""

# If the file 'path' is part of a package, then the filename isn't

# enough to uniquely identify it. Try to do the right thing by

# looking in sys.path for the longest matching prefix. We'll

# assume that the rest is the package name.

comparepath = os.path.normcase(path)

longest = ""

for dir in sys.path:

dir = os.path.normcase(dir)

if comparepath.startswith(dir) and comparepath[len(dir)] == os.sep:

if len(dir) > len(longest):

longest = dir

if longest:

base = path[len(longest) + 1:]

else:

base = path

# the drive letter is never part of the module name

drive, base = os.path.splitdrive(base)

base = base.replace(os.sep, ".")

if os.altsep:

base = base.replace(os.altsep, ".")

filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base)

return filename.lstrip(".")

class CoverageResults:

def __init__(self, counts=None, calledfuncs=None, infile=None,

callers=None, outfile=None):

self.counts = counts

if self.counts is None:

self.counts = {}

self.counter = self.counts.copy() # map (filename, lineno) to count

self.calledfuncs = calledfuncs

if self.calledfuncs is None:

self.calledfuncs = {}

self.calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs.copy()

self.callers = callers

if self.callers is None:

self.callers = {}

self.callers = self.callers.copy()

self.infile = infile

self.outfile = outfile

if self.infile:

# Try to merge existing counts file.

try:

with open(self.infile, 'rb') as f:

counts, calledfuncs, callers = pickle.load(f)

self.update(self.__class__(counts, calledfuncs, callers=callers))

except (OSError, EOFError, ValueError) as err:

print(("Skipping counts file %r: %s"

% (self.infile, err)), file=sys.stderr)

def is_ignored_filename(self, filename):

"""Return True if the filename does not refer to a file

we want to have reported.

"""

return filename.startswith('<') and filename.endswith('>')

def update(self, other):

"""Merge in the data from another CoverageResults"""

counts = self.counts

calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs

callers = self.callers

other_counts = other.counts

other_calledfuncs = other.calledfuncs

other_callers = other.callers

for key in other_counts:

counts[key] = counts.get(key, 0) + other_counts[key]

for key in other_calledfuncs:

calledfuncs[key] = 1

for key in other_callers:

callers[key] = 1

def write_results(self, show_missing=True, summary=False, coverdir=None, *,

ignore_missing_files=False):

"""

Write the coverage results.

:param show_missing: Show lines that had no hits.

:param summary: Include coverage summary per module.

:param coverdir: If None, the results of each module are placed in its

directory, otherwise it is included in the directory

specified.

:param ignore_missing_files: If True, counts for files that no longer

exist are silently ignored. Otherwise, a missing file

will raise a FileNotFoundError.

"""

if self.calledfuncs:

print()

print("functions called:")

calls = self.calledfuncs

for filename, modulename, funcname in sorted(calls):

print(("filename: %s, modulename: %s, funcname: %s"

% (filename, modulename, funcname)))

if self.callers:

print()

print("calling relationships:")

lastfile = lastcfile = ""

for ((pfile, pmod, pfunc), (cfile, cmod, cfunc)) \

in sorted(self.callers):

if pfile != lastfile:

print()

print("***", pfile, "***")

lastfile = pfile

lastcfile = ""

if cfile != pfile and lastcfile != cfile:

print(" -->", cfile)

lastcfile = cfile

print(" %s.%s -> %s.%s" % (pmod, pfunc, cmod, cfunc))

# turn the counts data ("(filename, lineno) = count") into something

# accessible on a per-file basis

per_file = {}

for filename, lineno in self.counts:

lines_hit = per_file[filename] = per_file.get(filename, {})

lines_hit[lineno] = self.counts[(filename, lineno)]

# accumulate summary info, if needed

sums = {}

for filename, count in per_file.items():

if self.is_ignored_filename(filename):

continue

if filename.endswith(".pyc"):

filename = filename[:-1]

if ignore_missing_files and not os.path.isfile(filename):

continue

if coverdir is None:

dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))

modulename = _modname(filename)

else:

dir = coverdir

os.makedirs(dir, exist_ok=True)

modulename = _fullmodname(filename)

# If desired, get a list of the line numbers which represent

# executable content (returned as a dict for better lookup speed)

if show_missing:

lnotab = _find_executable_linenos(filename)

else:

lnotab = {}

source = linecache.getlines(filename)

coverpath = os.path.join(dir, modulename + ".cover")

with open(filename, 'rb') as fp:

encoding, _ = tokenize.detect_encoding(fp.readline)

n_hits, n_lines = self.write_results_file(coverpath, source,

lnotab, count, encoding)

if summary and n_lines:

sums[modulename] = n_lines, n_hits, modulename, filename

if summary and sums:

print("lines cov% module (path)")

for m in sorted(sums):

n_lines, n_hits, modulename, filename = sums[m]

print(f"{n_lines:5d} {n_hits/n_lines:.1%} {modulename} ({filename})")

self._save_counts()

def _save_counts(self):

"""Save the accumulated counts to ``self.outfile`` if one was given."""

if self.outfile:

try:

with open(self.outfile, 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump((self.counts, self.calledfuncs, self.callers),

f, 1)

except OSError as err:

print("Can't save counts files because %s" % err, file=sys.stderr)

def write_results_file(self, path, lines, lnotab, lines_hit, encoding=None):

"""Return a coverage results file in path."""

# ``lnotab`` is a dict of executable lines, or a line number "table"

try:

outfile = open(path, "w", encoding=encoding)

except OSError as err:

print(("trace: Could not open %r for writing: %s "

"- skipping" % (path, err)), file=sys.stderr)

return 0, 0

n_lines = 0

n_hits = 0

with outfile:

for lineno, line in enumerate(lines, 1):

# do the blank/comment match to try to mark more lines

# (help the reader find stuff that hasn't been covered)

if lineno in lines_hit:

outfile.write("%5d: " % lines_hit[lineno])

n_hits += 1

n_lines += 1

elif lineno in lnotab and not PRAGMA_NOCOVER in line:

# Highlight never-executed lines, unless the line contains

# #pragma: NO COVER

outfile.write(">>>>>> ")

n_lines += 1

else:

outfile.write(" ")

outfile.write(line.expandtabs(8))

return n_hits, n_lines

def _find_lines_from_code(code, strs):

"""Return dict where keys are lines in the line number table."""

linenos = {}

for _, lineno in dis.findlinestarts(code):

if lineno not in strs:

linenos[lineno] = 1

return linenos

def _find_lines(code, strs):

"""Return lineno dict for all code objects reachable from code."""

# get all of the lineno information from the code of this scope level

linenos = _find_lines_from_code(code, strs)

# and check the constants for references to other code objects

for c in code.co_consts:

if inspect.iscode(c):

# find another code object, so recurse into it

linenos.update(_find_lines(c, strs))

return linenos

def _find_strings(filename, encoding=None):

"""Return a dict of possible docstring positions.

The dict maps line numbers to strings. There is an entry for

line that contains only a string or a part of a triple-quoted

string.

"""

d = {}

# If the first token is a string, then it's the module docstring.

# Add this special case so that the test in the loop passes.

prev_ttype = token.INDENT

with open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f:

tok = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline)

for ttype, tstr, start, end, line in tok:

if ttype == token.STRING:

if prev_ttype == token.INDENT:

sline, scol = start

eline, ecol = end

for i in range(sline, eline + 1):

d[i] = 1

prev_ttype = ttype

return d

def _find_executable_linenos(filename):

"""Return dict where keys are line numbers in the line number table."""

try:

with tokenize.open(filename) as f:

prog = f.read()

encoding = f.encoding

except OSError as err:

print(("Not printing coverage data for %r: %s"

% (filename, err)), file=sys.stderr)

return {}

code = compile(prog, filename, "exec")

strs = _find_strings(filename, encoding)

return _find_lines(code, strs)

class Trace:

def __init__(self, count=1, trace=1, countfuncs=0, countcallers=0,

ignoremods=(), ignoredirs=(), infile=None, outfile=None,

timing=False):

"""

@param count true iff it should count number of times each

line is executed

@param trace true iff it should print out each line that is

being counted

@param countfuncs true iff it should just output a list of

(filename, modulename, funcname,) for functions

that were called at least once; This overrides

'count' and 'trace'

@param ignoremods a list of the names of modules to ignore

@param ignoredirs a list of the names of directories to ignore

all of the (recursive) contents of

@param infile file from which to read stored counts to be

added into the results

@param outfile file in which to write the results

@param timing true iff timing information be displayed

"""

self.infile = infile

self.outfile = outfile

self.ignore = _Ignore(ignoremods, ignoredirs)

self.counts = {} # keys are (filename, linenumber)

self.pathtobasename = {} # for memoizing os.path.basename

self.donothing = 0

self.trace = trace

self._calledfuncs = {}

self._callers = {}

self._caller_cache = {}

self.start_time = None

if timing:

self.start_time = _time()

if countcallers:

self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_trackcallers

elif countfuncs:

self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_countfuncs

elif trace and count:

self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt

self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace_and_count

elif trace:

self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt

self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace

elif count:

self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt

self.localtrace = self.localtrace_count

else:

# Ahem -- do nothing? Okay.

self.donothing = 1

def run(self, cmd):

import __main__

dict = __main__.__dict__

self.runctx(cmd, dict, dict)

def runctx(self, cmd, globals=None, locals=None):

if globals is None: globals = {}

if locals is None: locals = {}

if not self.donothing:

threading.settrace(self.globaltrace)

sys.settrace(self.globaltrace)

try:

exec(cmd, globals, locals)

finally:

if not self.donothing:

sys.settrace(None)

threading.settrace(None)

def runfunc(self, func, /, *args, **kw):

result = None

if not self.donothing:

sys.settrace(self.globaltrace)

try:

result = func(*args, **kw)

finally:

if not self.donothing:

sys.settrace(None)

return result

def file_module_function_of(self, frame):

code = frame.f_code

filename = code.co_filename

if filename:

modulename = _modname(filename)

else:

modulename = None

funcname = code.co_name

clsname = None

if code in self._caller_cache:

if self._caller_cache[code] is not None:

clsname = self._caller_cache[code]

else:

self._caller_cache[code] = None

## use of gc.get_referrers() was suggested by Michael Hudson

# all functions which refer to this code object

funcs = [f for f in gc.get_referrers(code)

if inspect.isfunction(f)]

# require len(func) == 1 to avoid ambiguity caused by calls to

# new.function(): "In the face of ambiguity, refuse the

# temptation to guess."

if len(funcs) == 1:

dicts = [d for d in gc.get_referrers(funcs[0])

if isinstance(d, dict)]

if len(dicts) == 1:

classes = [c for c in gc.get_referrers(dicts[0])

if hasattr(c, "__bases__")]

if len(classes) == 1:

# ditto for new.classobj()

clsname = classes[0].__name__

# cache the result - assumption is that new.* is

# not called later to disturb this relationship

# _caller_cache could be flushed if functions in

# the new module get called.

self._caller_cache[code] = clsname

if clsname is not None:

funcname = "%s.%s" % (clsname, funcname)

return filename, modulename, funcname

def globaltrace_trackcallers(self, frame, why, arg):

"""Handler for call events.

Adds information about who called who to the self._callers dict.

"""

if why == 'call':

# XXX Should do a better job of identifying methods

this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame)

parent_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame.f_back)

self._callers[(parent_func, this_func)] = 1

def globaltrace_countfuncs(self, frame, why, arg):

"""Handler for call events.

Adds (filename, modulename, funcname) to the self._calledfuncs dict.

"""

if why == 'call':

this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame)

self._calledfuncs[this_func] = 1

def globaltrace_lt(self, frame, why, arg):

"""Handler for call events.

If the code block being entered is to be ignored, returns 'None',

else returns self.localtrace.

"""

if why == 'call':

code = frame.f_code

filename = frame.f_globals.get('__file__', None)

if filename:

# XXX _modname() doesn't work right for packages, so

# the ignore support won't work right for packages

modulename = _modname(filename)

if modulename is not None:

ignore_it = self.ignore.names(filename, modulename)

if not ignore_it:

if self.trace:

print((" --- modulename: %s, funcname: %s"

% (modulename, code.co_name)))

return self.localtrace

else:

return None

def localtrace_trace_and_count(self, frame, why, arg):

if why == "line":

# record the file name and line number of every trace

filename = frame.f_code.co_filename

lineno = frame.f_lineno

key = filename, lineno

self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1

if self.start_time:

print('%.2f' % (_time() - self.start_time), end=' ')

bname = os.path.basename(filename)

line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)

print("%s(%d)" % (bname, lineno), end='')

if line:

print(": ", line, end='')

else:

print()

return self.localtrace

def localtrace_trace(self, frame, why, arg):

if why == "line":

# record the file name and line number of every trace

filename = frame.f_code.co_filename

lineno = frame.f_lineno

if self.start_time:

print('%.2f' % (_time() - self.start_time), end=' ')

bname = os.path.basename(filename)

line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)

print("%s(%d)" % (bname, lineno), end='')

if line:

print(": ", line, end='')

else:

print()

return self.localtrace

def localtrace_count(self, frame, why, arg):

if why == "line":

filename = frame.f_code.co_filename

lineno = frame.f_lineno

key = filename, lineno

self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1

return self.localtrace

def results(self):

return CoverageResults(self.counts, infile=self.infile,

outfile=self.outfile,

calledfuncs=self._calledfuncs,

callers=self._callers)

def main():

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='trace 2.0')

grp = parser.add_argument_group('Main options',

'One of these (or --report) must be given')

grp.add_argument('-c', '--count', action='store_true',

help='Count the number of times each line is executed and write '

'the counts to `<module>.cover` for each module executed, in '

'the module\'s directory. See also `--coverdir`, `--file`, '

'`--no-report` below.')

grp.add_argument('-t', '--trace', action='store_true',

help='Print each line to `sys.stdout` before it is executed')

grp.add_argument('-l', '--listfuncs', action='store_true',

help='Keep track of which functions are executed at least once '

'and write the results to `sys.stdout` after the program exits. '

'Cannot be specified alongside `--trace` or `--count`.')

grp.add_argument('-T', '--trackcalls', action='store_true',

help='Keep track of caller/called pairs and write the results to '

'`sys.stdout` after the program exits.')

grp = parser.add_argument_group('Modifiers')

_grp = grp.add_mutually_exclusive_group()

_grp.add_argument('-r', '--report', action='store_true',

help='Generate a report from a counts file; does not execute any '

'code. `--file` must specify the results file to read, which '

'must have been created in a previous run with `--count` '

'`--file=FILE`')

_grp.add_argument('-R', '--no-report', action='store_true',

help='Do not generate the coverage report files. '

'Useful if you want to accumulate over several runs.')

grp.add_argument('-f', '--file',

help='File to accumulate counts over several runs')

grp.add_argument('-C', '--coverdir',

help='Directory where the report files go. The coverage report '

'for `<package>.<module>` will be written to file '

'`<dir>/<package>/<module>.cover`')

grp.add_argument('-m', '--missing', action='store_true',

help='Annotate executable lines that were not executed with '

'">>>>>> "')

grp.add_argument('-s', '--summary', action='store_true',

help='Write a brief summary for each file to `sys.stdout`. '

'Can only be used with `--count` or `--report`')

grp.add_argument('-g', '--timing', action='store_true',

help='Prefix each line with the time since the program started. '

'Only used while tracing')

grp = parser.add_argument_group('Filters',

'Can be specified multiple times')

grp.add_argument('--ignore-module', action='append', default=[],

help='Ignore the given module(s) and its submodules '

'(if it is a package). Accepts comma separated list of '

'module names.')

grp.add_argument('--ignore-dir', action='append', default=[],

help='Ignore files in the given directory '

'(multiple directories can be joined by `os.pathsep`).')

parser.add_argument('--module', action='store_true', default=False,

help='Trace a module. ')

parser.add_argument('progname', nargs='?',

help='file to run as main program')

parser.add_argument('arguments', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,

help='arguments to the program')

opts = parser.parse_args()

if opts.ignore_dir:

_prefix = sysconfig.get_path("stdlib")

_exec_prefix = sysconfig.get_path("platstdlib")

def parse_ignore_dir(s):

s = os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(s))

s = s.replace('$prefix', _prefix).replace('$exec_prefix', _exec_prefix)

return os.path.normpath(s)

opts.ignore_module = [mod.strip()

for i in opts.ignore_module for mod in i.split(',')]

opts.ignore_dir = [parse_ignore_dir(s)

for i in opts.ignore_dir for s in i.split(os.pathsep)]

if opts.report:

if not opts.file:

parser.error('-r/--report requires -f/--file')

results = CoverageResults(infile=opts.file, outfile=opts.file)

return results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir)

if not any([opts.trace, opts.count, opts.listfuncs, opts.trackcalls]):

parser.error('must specify one of --trace, --count, --report, '

'--listfuncs, or --trackcalls')

if opts.listfuncs and (opts.count or opts.trace):

parser.error('cannot specify both --listfuncs and (--trace or --count)')

if opts.summary and not opts.count:

parser.error('--summary can only be used with --count or --report')

if opts.progname is None:

parser.error('progname is missing: required with the main options')

t = Trace(opts.count, opts.trace, countfuncs=opts.listfuncs,

countcallers=opts.trackcalls, ignoremods=opts.ignore_module,

ignoredirs=opts.ignore_dir, infile=opts.file,

outfile=opts.file, timing=opts.timing)

try:

if opts.module:

import runpy

module_name = opts.progname

mod_name, mod_spec, code = runpy._get_module_details(module_name)

sys.argv = [code.co_filename, *opts.arguments]

globs = {

'__name__': '__main__',

'__file__': code.co_filename,

'__package__': mod_spec.parent,

'__loader__': mod_spec.loader,

'__spec__': mod_spec,

}

else:

sys.argv = [opts.progname, *opts.arguments]

sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(opts.progname)

with io.open_code(opts.progname) as fp:

code = compile(fp.read(), opts.progname, 'exec')

# try to emulate __main__ namespace as much as possible

globs = {

'__file__': opts.progname,

'__name__': '__main__',

'__package__': None,

}

t.runctx(code, globs, globs)

except OSError as err:

sys.exit("Cannot run file %r because: %s" % (sys.argv[0], err))

except SystemExit:

pass

results = t.results()

if not opts.no_report:

results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir)

else:

results._save_counts()

if __name__=='__main__':

main()

cpython/Lib/trace.py at main · python/cpython · GitHub

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