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#
SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
#
Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
#
This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#,
fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"
Project-Id-Version
:
Python 3.14\n
"
"
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To
:
\n
"
"
POT-Creation-Date
:
2026-09-05 16:53+0200\n
"
"
PO-Revision-Date
:
2025-09-16 00:00+0000\n
"
"
Language-Team
:
German (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/de/)\n
"
"
Language
:
de\n
"
"
MIME-Version
:
1.0\n
"
"
Content-Type
:
text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n
"
"
Content-Transfer-Encoding
:
8bit\n
"
"
Plural-Forms
:
nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n
"
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:8
msgid
"Embedding Python in Another Application"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:10
msgid
""
"The previous chapters discussed how to extend Python, that is, how to extend "
"the functionality of Python by attaching a library of C functions to it. It "
"is also possible to do it the other way around: enrich your C/C++ "
"application by embedding Python in it. Embedding provides your application "
"with the ability to implement some of the functionality of your application "
"in Python rather than C or C++. This can be used for many purposes; one "
"example would be to allow users to tailor the application to their needs by "
"writing some scripts in Python. You can also use it yourself if some of the "
"functionality can be written in Python more easily."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:20
msgid
""
"Embedding Python is similar to extending it, but not quite. The difference "
"is that when you extend Python, the main program of the application is still "
"the Python interpreter, while if you embed Python, the main program may have "
"nothing to do with Python --- instead, some parts of the application "
"occasionally call the Python interpreter to run some Python code."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:26
msgid
""
"So if you are embedding Python, you are providing your own main program. "
"One of the things this main program has to do is initialize the Python "
"interpreter. At the very least, you have to call the function :c:func:"
"`Py_Initialize`. There are optional calls to pass command line arguments to "
"Python. Then later you can call the interpreter from any part of the "
"application."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:32
msgid
""
"There are several different ways to call the interpreter: you can pass a "
"string containing Python statements to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString`, or you "
"can pass a stdio file pointer and a file name (for identification in error "
"messages only) to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFile`. You can also call the lower-"
"level operations described in the previous chapters to construct and use "
"Python objects."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:41
msgid
":ref:`c-api-index`"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:42
msgid
""
"The details of Python's C interface are given in this manual. A great deal "
"of necessary information can be found here."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:49
msgid
"Very High Level Embedding"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:51
msgid
""
"The simplest form of embedding Python is the use of the very high level "
"interface. This interface is intended to execute a Python script without "
"needing to interact with the application directly. This can for example be "
"used to perform some operation on a file. ::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:56
msgid
""
"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n"
"#include <Python.h>\n"
"\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
" PyStatus status;\n"
" PyConfig config;\n"
" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n"
"\n"
" /* optional but recommended */\n"
" status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name, "
"argv[0]);\n"
" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n"
" goto exception;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n"
" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n"
" goto exception;\n"
" }\n"
" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n"
"\n"
" PyRun_SimpleString(
\"
from time import time,ctime
\\
n
\"
\n"
"
\"
print('Today is', ctime(time()))
\\
n
\"
);\n"
" if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {\n"
" exit(120);\n"
" }\n"
" return 0;\n"
"\n"
" exception:\n"
" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n"
" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n"
"}"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:92
msgid
""
"``#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` was used to indicate that ``Py_ssize_t`` should "
"be used in some APIs instead of ``int``. It is not necessary since Python "
"3.13, but we keep it here for backward compatibility. See :ref:`arg-parsing-"
"string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:97
msgid
""
"Setting :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` should be called before :c:func:"
"`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to inform the interpreter about paths to Python "
"run-time libraries. Next, the Python interpreter is initialized with :c:"
"func:`Py_Initialize`, followed by the execution of a hard-coded Python "
"script that prints the date and time. Afterwards, the :c:func:"
"`Py_FinalizeEx` call shuts the interpreter down, followed by the end of the "
"program. In a real program, you may want to get the Python script from "
"another source, perhaps a text-editor routine, a file, or a database. "
"Getting the Python code from a file can better be done by using the :c:func:"
"`PyRun_SimpleFile` function, which saves you the trouble of allocating "
"memory space and loading the file contents."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:112
msgid
"Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:114
msgid
""
"The high level interface gives you the ability to execute arbitrary pieces "
"of Python code from your application, but exchanging data values is quite "
"cumbersome to say the least. If you want that, you should use lower level "
"calls. At the cost of having to write more C code, you can achieve almost "
"anything."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:119
msgid
""
"It should be noted that extending Python and embedding Python is quite the "
"same activity, despite the different intent. Most topics discussed in the "
"previous chapters are still valid. To show this, consider what the extension "
"code from Python to C really does:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:124
msgid
"Convert data values from Python to C,"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:126
msgid
"Perform a function call to a C routine using the converted values, and"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:128
msgid
"Convert the data values from the call from C to Python."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:130
msgid
"When embedding Python, the interface code does:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:132
msgid
"Convert data values from C to Python,"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:134
msgid
""
"Perform a function call to a Python interface routine using the converted "
"values, and"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:137
msgid
"Convert the data values from the call from Python to C."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:139
msgid
""
"As you can see, the data conversion steps are simply swapped to accommodate "
"the different direction of the cross-language transfer. The only difference "
"is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, "
"you call a C routine, when embedding, you call a Python routine."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:144
msgid
""
"This chapter will not discuss how to convert data from Python to C and vice "
"versa. Also, proper use of references and dealing with errors is assumed to "
"be understood. Since these aspects do not differ from extending the "
"interpreter, you can refer to earlier chapters for the required information."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:153
msgid
"Pure Embedding"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:155
msgid
""
"The first program aims to execute a function in a Python script. Like in the "
"section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does not "
"directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next "
"section)."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:160
msgid
"The code to run a function defined in a Python script is:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:162
msgid
""
"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n"
"#include <Python.h>\n"
"\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
" PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pFunc;\n"
" PyObject *pArgs, *pValue;\n"
" int i;\n"
"\n"
" if (argc < 3) {\n"
" fprintf(stderr,
\"
Usage: call pythonfile funcname [args]
\\
n
\"
);\n"
" return 1;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" Py_Initialize();\n"
" pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]);\n"
" /* Error checking of pName left out */\n"
"\n"
" pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);\n"
" Py_DECREF(pName);\n"
"\n"
" if (pModule != NULL) {\n"
" pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]);\n"
" /* pFunc is a new reference */\n"
"\n"
" if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {\n"
" pArgs = PyTuple_New(argc - 3);\n"
" for (i = 0; i < argc - 3; ++i) {\n"
" pValue = PyLong_FromLong(atoi(argv[i + 3]));\n"
" if (!pValue) {\n"
" Py_DECREF(pArgs);\n"
" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n"
" fprintf(stderr,
\"
Cannot convert argument
\\
n
\"
);\n"
" return 1;\n"
" }\n"
" /* pValue reference stolen here: */\n"
" PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, i, pValue);\n"
" }\n"
" pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);\n"
" Py_DECREF(pArgs);\n"
" if (pValue != NULL) {\n"
" printf(
\"
Result of call: %ld
\\
n
\"
, PyLong_AsLong(pValue));\n"
" Py_DECREF(pValue);\n"
" }\n"
" else {\n"
" Py_DECREF(pFunc);\n"
" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n"
" PyErr_Print();\n"
" fprintf(stderr,
\"
Call failed
\\
n
\"
);\n"
" return 1;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" else {\n"
" if (PyErr_Occurred())\n"
" PyErr_Print();\n"
" fprintf(stderr,
\"
Cannot find function
\\\"
%s
\\\"\\
n
\"
, "
"argv[2]);\n"
" }\n"
" Py_XDECREF(pFunc);\n"
" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n"
" }\n"
" else {\n"
" PyErr_Print();\n"
" fprintf(stderr,
\"
Failed to load
\\\"
%s
\\\"\\
n
\"
, argv[1]);\n"
" return 1;\n"
" }\n"
" if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {\n"
" return 120;\n"
" }\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:165
msgid
""
"This code loads a Python script using ``argv[1]``, and calls the function "
"named in ``argv[2]``. Its integer arguments are the other values of the "
"``argv`` array. If you :ref:`compile and link <compiling>` this program "
"(let's call the finished executable :program:`call`), and use it to execute "
"a Python script, such as:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:171
msgid
""
"def multiply(a,b):\n"
" print(
\"
Will compute
\"
, a,
\"
times
\"
, b)\n"
" c = 0\n"
" for i in range(0, a):\n"
" c = c + b\n"
" return c"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:180
msgid
"then the result should be:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:182
msgid
""
"$ call multiply multiply 3 2\n"
"Will compute 3 times 2\n"
"Result of call: 6"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:188
msgid
""
"Although the program is quite large for its functionality, most of the code "
"is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The "
"interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with ::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:192
msgid
""
"Py_Initialize();\n"
"pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]);\n"
"/* Error checking of pName left out */\n"
"pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:197
msgid
""
"After initializing the interpreter, the script is loaded using :c:func:"
"`PyImport_Import`. This routine needs a Python string as its argument, "
"which is constructed using the :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault` data "
"conversion routine. ::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:202
msgid
""
"pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]);\n"
"/* pFunc is a new reference */\n"
"\n"
"if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {\n"
" ...\n"
"}\n"
"Py_XDECREF(pFunc);"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:210
msgid
""
"Once the script is loaded, the name we're looking for is retrieved using :c:"
"func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`. If the name exists, and the object returned "
"is callable, you can safely assume that it is a function. The program then "
"proceeds by constructing a tuple of arguments as normal. The call to the "
"Python function is then made with::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:216
msgid
"pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:218
msgid
""
"Upon return of the function, ``pValue`` is either ``NULL`` or it contains a "
"reference to the return value of the function. Be sure to release the "
"reference after examining the value."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:226
msgid
"Extending Embedded Python"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:228
msgid
""
"Until now, the embedded Python interpreter had no access to functionality "
"from the application itself. The Python API allows this by extending the "
"embedded interpreter. That is, the embedded interpreter gets extended with "
"routines provided by the application. While it sounds complex, it is not so "
"bad. Simply forget for a while that the application starts the Python "
"interpreter. Instead, consider the application to be a set of subroutines, "
"and write some glue code that gives Python access to those routines, just "
"like you would write a normal Python extension. For example::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:237
msgid
""
"static int numargs=0;\n"
"\n"
"/* Return the number of arguments of the application command line */\n"
"static PyObject*\n"
"emb_numargs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n"
"{\n"
" if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,
\"
:numargs
\"
))\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" return PyLong_FromLong(numargs);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PyMethodDef emb_module_methods[] = {\n"
" {
\"
numargs
\"
, emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS,\n"
"
\"
Return the number of arguments received by the process.
\"
},\n"
" {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"static struct PyModuleDef emb_module = {\n"
" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n"
" .m_name =
\"
emb
\"
,\n"
" .m_size = 0,\n"
" .m_methods = emb_module_methods,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"static PyObject*\n"
"PyInit_emb(void)\n"
"{\n"
" return PyModuleDef_Init(&emb_module);\n"
"}"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:267
msgid
""
"Insert the above code just above the :c:func:`main` function. Also, insert "
"the following two statements before the call to :c:func:`Py_Initialize`::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:270
msgid
""
"numargs = argc;\n"
"PyImport_AppendInittab(
\"
emb
\"
, &PyInit_emb);"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:273
msgid
""
"These two lines initialize the ``numargs`` variable, and make the :func:`!"
"emb.numargs` function accessible to the embedded Python interpreter. With "
"these extensions, the Python script can do things like"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:277
msgid
""
"import emb\n"
"print(
\"
Number of arguments
\"
, emb.numargs())"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:282
msgid
""
"In a real application, the methods will expose an API of the application to "
"Python."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:292
msgid
"Embedding Python in C++"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:294
msgid
""
"It is also possible to embed Python in a C++ program; precisely how this is "
"done will depend on the details of the C++ system used; in general you will "
"need to write the main program in C++, and use the C++ compiler to compile "
"and link your program. There is no need to recompile Python itself using C+"
"+."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:303
msgid
"Compiling and Linking under Unix-like systems"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:305
msgid
""
"It is not necessarily trivial to find the right flags to pass to your "
"compiler (and linker) in order to embed the Python interpreter into your "
"application, particularly because Python needs to load library modules "
"implemented as C dynamic extensions (:file:`.so` files) linked against it."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:311
msgid
""
"To find out the required compiler and linker flags, you can execute the :"
"file:`python{X.Y}-config` script which is generated as part of the "
"installation process (a :file:`python3-config` script may also be "
"available). This script has several options, of which the following will be "
"directly useful to you:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:317
msgid
""
"``pythonX.Y-config --cflags`` will give you the recommended flags when "
"compiling:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:320
msgid
""
"$ /opt/bin/python3.11-config --cflags\n"
"-I/opt/include/python3.11 -I/opt/include/python3.11 -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG "
"-g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:325
msgid
""
"``pythonX.Y-config --ldflags --embed`` will give you the recommended flags "
"when linking:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:328
msgid
""
"$ /opt/bin/python3.11-config --ldflags --embed\n"
"-L/opt/lib/python3.11/config-3.11-x86_64-linux-gnu -L/opt/lib -lpython3.11 -"
"lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:334
msgid
""
"To avoid confusion between several Python installations (and especially "
"between the system Python and your own compiled Python), it is recommended "
"that you use the absolute path to :file:`python{X.Y}-config`, as in the "
"above example."
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:339
msgid
""
"If this procedure doesn't work for you (it is not guaranteed to work for all "
"Unix-like platforms; however, we welcome :ref:`bug reports <reporting-"
"bugs>`) you will have to read your system's documentation about dynamic "
"linking and/or examine Python's :file:`Makefile` (use :func:`sysconfig."
"get_makefile_filename` to find its location) and compilation options. In "
"this case, the :mod:`sysconfig` module is a useful tool to programmatically "
"extract the configuration values that you will want to combine together. "
"For example:"
msgstr
""
#:
../../extending/embedding.rst:348
msgid
""
">>> import sysconfig\n"
">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBS')\n"
"'-lpthread -ldl -lutil'\n"
">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LINKFORSHARED')\n"
"'-Xlinker -export-dynamic'"
msgstr
""
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