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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.

# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.

# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.

# Translators:

# Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2026

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

msgstr ""

"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n"

"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"

"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-09-28 03:11+0000\n"

"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-05-08 17:17+0000\n"

"Last-Translator: Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2026\n"

"Language-Team: German (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/de/)\n"

"Language: de\n"

"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"

#: ../../library/abc.rst:2

msgid ":mod:`!abc` --- Abstract Base Classes"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:11

msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/abc.py`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:15

msgid ""

"This module provides the infrastructure for defining :term:`abstract base "

"classes <abstract base class>` (ABCs) in Python, as outlined in :pep:`3119`; "

"see the PEP for why this was added to Python. (See also :pep:`3141` and the :"

"mod:`numbers` module regarding a type hierarchy for numbers based on ABCs.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:20

msgid ""

"The :mod:`collections` module has some concrete classes that derive from "

"ABCs; these can, of course, be further derived. In addition, the :mod:"

"`collections.abc` submodule has some ABCs that can be used to test whether a "

"class or instance provides a particular interface, for example, if it is :"

"term:`hashable` or if it is a :term:`mapping`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:27

msgid ""

"This module provides the metaclass :class:`ABCMeta` for defining ABCs and a "

"helper class :class:`ABC` to alternatively define ABCs through inheritance:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:32

msgid ""

"A helper class that has :class:`ABCMeta` as its metaclass. With this class, "

"an abstract base class can be created by simply deriving from :class:`!ABC` "

"avoiding sometimes confusing metaclass usage, for example::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:36

msgid ""

"from abc import ABC\n"

"\n"

"class MyABC(ABC):\n"

" pass"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:41

msgid ""

"Note that the type of :class:`!ABC` is still :class:`ABCMeta`, therefore "

"inheriting from :class:`!ABC` requires the usual precautions regarding "

"metaclass usage, as multiple inheritance may lead to metaclass conflicts. "

"One may also define an abstract base class by passing the metaclass keyword "

"and using :class:`!ABCMeta` directly, for example::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:47

msgid ""

"from abc import ABCMeta\n"

"\n"

"class MyABC(metaclass=ABCMeta):\n"

" pass"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:57

msgid "Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs)."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:59

msgid ""

"Use this metaclass to create an ABC. An ABC can be subclassed directly, and "

"then acts as a mix-in class. You can also register unrelated concrete "

"classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated ABCs as \"virtual subclasses\" "

"-- these and their descendants will be considered subclasses of the "

"registering ABC by the built-in :func:`issubclass` function, but the "

"registering ABC won't show up in their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor "

"will method implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not "

"even via :func:`super`). [#]_"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:68

msgid ""

"Classes created with a metaclass of :class:`!ABCMeta` have the following "

"method:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:72

msgid ""

"Register *subclass* as a \"virtual subclass\" of this ABC. For example::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:75

msgid ""

"from abc import ABC\n"

"\n"

"class MyABC(ABC):\n"

" pass\n"

"\n"

"MyABC.register(tuple)\n"

"\n"

"assert issubclass(tuple, MyABC)\n"

"assert isinstance((), MyABC)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:85

msgid "Returns the registered subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:88

msgid ""

"To detect calls to :meth:`!register`, you can use the :func:"

"`get_cache_token` function."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:92

msgid "You can also override this method in an abstract base class:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:96

msgid "(Must be defined as a class method.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:98

msgid ""

"Check whether *subclass* is considered a subclass of this ABC. This means "

"that you can customize the behavior of :func:`issubclass` further without "

"the need to call :meth:`register` on every class you want to consider a "

"subclass of the ABC. (This class method is called from the :meth:`~type."

"__subclasscheck__` method of the ABC.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:104

msgid ""

"This method should return ``True``, ``False`` or :data:`NotImplemented`. If "

"it returns ``True``, the *subclass* is considered a subclass of this ABC. If "

"it returns ``False``, the *subclass* is not considered a subclass of this "

"ABC, even if it would normally be one. If it returns :data:`!"

"NotImplemented`, the subclass check is continued with the usual mechanism."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:114

msgid ""

"For a demonstration of these concepts, look at this example ABC definition::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:116

msgid ""

"class Foo:\n"

" def __getitem__(self, index):\n"

" ...\n"

" def __len__(self):\n"

" ...\n"

" def get_iterator(self):\n"

" return iter(self)\n"

"\n"

"class MyIterable(ABC):\n"

"\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def __iter__(self):\n"

" while False:\n"

" yield None\n"

"\n"

" def get_iterator(self):\n"

" return self.__iter__()\n"

"\n"

" @classmethod\n"

" def __subclasshook__(cls, C):\n"

" if cls is MyIterable:\n"

" if any(\"__iter__\" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):\n"

" return True\n"

" return NotImplemented\n"

"\n"

"MyIterable.register(Foo)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:143

msgid ""

"The ABC ``MyIterable`` defines the standard iterable method, :meth:`~object."

"__iter__`, as an abstract method. The implementation given here can still "

"be called from subclasses. The :meth:`!get_iterator` method is also part of "

"the ``MyIterable`` abstract base class, but it does not have to be "

"overridden in non-abstract derived classes."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:149

msgid ""

"The :meth:`__subclasshook__` class method defined here says that any class "

"that has an :meth:`~object.__iter__` method in its :attr:`~object.__dict__` "

"(or in that of one of its base classes, accessed via the :attr:`~type."

"__mro__` list) is considered a ``MyIterable`` too."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:154

msgid ""

"Finally, the last line makes ``Foo`` a virtual subclass of ``MyIterable``, "

"even though it does not define an :meth:`~object.__iter__` method (it uses "

"the old-style iterable protocol, defined in terms of :meth:`~object.__len__` "

"and :meth:`~object.__getitem__`). Note that this will not make "

"``get_iterator`` available as a method of ``Foo``, so it is provided "

"separately."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:163

msgid "The :mod:`!abc` module also provides the following decorator:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:167

msgid "A decorator indicating abstract methods."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:169

msgid ""

"Using this decorator requires that the class's metaclass is :class:`ABCMeta` "

"or is derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from :class:`!"

"ABCMeta` cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract methods and "

"properties are overridden. The abstract methods can be called using any of "

"the normal 'super' call mechanisms. :deco:`!abstractmethod` may be used to "

"declare abstract methods for properties and descriptors."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:176

msgid ""

"Dynamically adding abstract methods to a class, or attempting to modify the "

"abstraction status of a method or class once it is created, are only "

"supported using the :func:`update_abstractmethods` function. The :deco:`!"

"abstractmethod` only affects subclasses derived using regular inheritance; "

"\"virtual subclasses\" registered with the ABC's :meth:`~ABCMeta.register` "

"method are not affected."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:183

msgid ""

"When :deco:`!abstractmethod` is applied in combination with other method "

"descriptors, it should be applied as the innermost decorator, as shown in "

"the following usage examples::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:187

msgid ""

"class C(ABC):\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_method(self, arg1):\n"

" ...\n"

" @classmethod\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, arg2):\n"

" ...\n"

" @staticmethod\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_staticmethod(arg3):\n"

" ...\n"

"\n"

" @property\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_property(self):\n"

" ...\n"

" @my_abstract_property.setter\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_property(self, val):\n"

" ...\n"

"\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def _get_x(self):\n"

" ...\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def _set_x(self, val):\n"

" ...\n"

" x = property(_get_x, _set_x)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:217

msgid ""

"In order to correctly interoperate with the abstract base class machinery, "

"the descriptor must identify itself as abstract using :attr:`!"

"__isabstractmethod__`. In general, this attribute should be ``True`` if any "

"of the methods used to compose the descriptor are abstract. For example, "

"Python's built-in :deco:`property` does the equivalent of::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:223

msgid ""

"class Descriptor:\n"

" ...\n"

" @property\n"

" def __isabstractmethod__(self):\n"

" return any(getattr(f, '__isabstractmethod__', False) for\n"

" f in (self._fget, self._fset, self._fdel))"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:232

msgid ""

"Unlike Java abstract methods, these abstract methods may have an "

"implementation. This implementation can be called via the :func:`super` "

"mechanism from the class that overrides it. This could be useful as an end-"

"point for a super-call in a framework that uses cooperative multiple-"

"inheritance."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:239

msgid "The :mod:`!abc` module also supports the following legacy decorators:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:244

msgid ""

"It is now possible to use :deco:`classmethod` with :deco:`abstractmethod`, "

"making this decorator redundant."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:248

msgid ""

"A subclass of the built-in :class:`classmethod`, indicating an abstract "

"classmethod. Otherwise it is similar to :deco:`abstractmethod`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:251

msgid ""

"This special case is deprecated, as the :deco:`classmethod` decorator is now "

"correctly identified as abstract when applied to an abstract method::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:255

msgid ""

"class C(ABC):\n"

" @classmethod\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, arg):\n"

" ..."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:265

msgid ""

"It is now possible to use :deco:`staticmethod` with :deco:`abstractmethod`, "

"making this decorator redundant."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:269

msgid ""

"A subclass of the built-in :class:`staticmethod`, indicating an abstract "

"staticmethod. Otherwise it is similar to :deco:`abstractmethod`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:272

msgid ""

"This special case is deprecated, as the :deco:`staticmethod` decorator is "

"now correctly identified as abstract when applied to an abstract method::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:276

msgid ""

"class C(ABC):\n"

" @staticmethod\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_staticmethod(arg):\n"

" ..."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:285

msgid ""

"It is now possible to use :deco:`property`, :deco:`property.getter`, :deco:"

"`property.setter` and :deco:`property.deleter` with :deco:`abstractmethod`, "

"making this decorator redundant."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:290

msgid ""

"A subclass of the built-in :class:`property`, indicating an abstract "

"property."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:293

msgid ""

"This special case is deprecated, as the :deco:`property` decorator is now "

"correctly identified as abstract when applied to an abstract method::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:297

msgid ""

"class C(ABC):\n"

" @property\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def my_abstract_property(self):\n"

" ..."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:303

msgid ""

"The above example defines a read-only property; you can also define a read-"

"write abstract property by appropriately marking one or more of the "

"underlying methods as abstract::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:307

msgid ""

"class C(ABC):\n"

" @property\n"

" def x(self):\n"

" ...\n"

"\n"

" @x.setter\n"

" @abstractmethod\n"

" def x(self, val):\n"

" ..."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:317

msgid ""

"If only some components are abstract, only those components need to be "

"updated to create a concrete property in a subclass::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:320

msgid ""

"class D(C):\n"

" @C.x.setter\n"

" def x(self, val):\n"

" ..."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:326

msgid "The :mod:`!abc` module also provides the following functions:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:330

msgid "Returns the current abstract base class cache token."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:332

msgid ""

"The token is an opaque object (that supports equality testing) identifying "

"the current version of the abstract base class cache for virtual subclasses. "

"The token changes with every call to :meth:`ABCMeta.register` on any ABC."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:340

msgid ""

"A function to recalculate an abstract class's abstraction status. This "

"function should be called if a class's abstract methods have been "

"implemented or changed after it was created. Usually, this function should "

"be called from within a class decorator."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:345

msgid "Returns *cls*, to allow usage as a class decorator."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:347

msgid "If *cls* is not an instance of :class:`ABCMeta`, does nothing."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:351

msgid ""

"This function assumes that *cls*'s superclasses are already updated. It does "

"not update any subclasses."

msgstr ""

#: ../../library/abc.rst:357

msgid "Footnotes"

msgstr "Fußnoten"

#: ../../library/abc.rst:358

msgid ""

"C++ programmers should note that Python's virtual base class concept is not "

"the same as C++'s."

msgstr ""

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