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#
SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
#
Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
#
This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#
Translators:
#
python-doc bot, 2025
#
Takanori Suzuki <takanori@takanory.net>, 2025
#
Masahiro Ito, 2026
#
#,
fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"
Project-Id-Version
:
Python 3.15\n
"
"
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To
:
\n
"
"
POT-Creation-Date
:
2026-10-03 17:41+0000\n
"
"
PO-Revision-Date
:
2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n
"
"
Last-Translator
:
Masahiro Ito, 2026\n
"
"
Language-Team
:
Japanese (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/
"
"
ja/)\n
"
"
Language
:
ja\n
"
"
MIME-Version
:
1.0\n
"
"
Content-Type
:
text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n
"
"
Content-Transfer-Encoding
:
8bit\n
"
"
Plural-Forms
:
nplurals=1; plural=0;\n
"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:5
msgid
"Data Structures"
msgstr
"データ構造"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:7
msgid
""
"This chapter describes some things you've learned about already in more "
"detail, and adds some new things as well."
msgstr
""
"この章では、すでに学んだことについてより詳しく説明するとともに、いくつか新し"
"いことを追加します。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:13
msgid
"More on Lists"
msgstr
"リスト型についてもう少し"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:15
msgid
""
"The :ref:`list <typesseq-list>` data type has some more methods. Here are "
"all of the methods of list objects:"
msgstr
""
":ref:`list <typesseq-list>` 型には、他にもいくつかメソッドがあります。リスト"
"オブジェクトのすべてのメソッドを以下に示します:"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:21
msgid
"Add an item to the end of the list. Similar to ``a[len(a):] = [x]``."
msgstr
"リストの末尾に要素を一つ追加します。``a[len(a):] = [x]`` と同様です。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:27
msgid
""
"Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable. Similar to "
"``a[len(a):] = iterable``."
msgstr
""
"イテラブルのすべての要素を対象のリストに追加し、リストを拡張します。"
"``a[len(a):] = iterable`` と同様です。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:34
msgid
""
"Insert an item at a given position. The first argument is the index of the "
"element before which to insert, so ``a.insert(0, x)`` inserts at the front "
"of the list, and ``a.insert(len(a), x)`` is equivalent to ``a.append(x)``."
msgstr
""
"指定した位置に要素を挿入します。第 1 引数は、リストのインデクスで、そのインデ"
"クスを持つ要素の直前に挿入が行われます。従って、 ``a.insert(0, x)`` はリスト"
"の先頭に挿入を行います。また ``a.insert(len(a), x)`` は ``a.append(x)`` と等"
"価です。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:42
msgid
""
"Remove the first item from the list whose value is equal to *value*. It "
"raises a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item."
msgstr
""
"*value* と等しい値を持つ最初の要素をリストから削除します。該当する要素がなけ"
"れば :exc:`ValueError` を送出します。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:49
msgid
""
"Remove the item at the given position in the list, and return it. If no "
"index is specified, ``a.pop()`` removes and returns the last item in the "
"list. It raises an :exc:`IndexError` if the list is empty or the index is "
"outside the list range."
msgstr
""
"指定された位置の要素をリストから取り除き、それを返します。インデックスが指定"
"されていない場合、 ``a.pop()`` はリスト末尾の要素を取り除いて返します。リスト"
"が空であるか、インデックスがリストの範囲外の場合は、:exc:`IndexError` を送出"
"します。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:58
msgid
"Remove all items from the list. Similar to ``del a[:]``."
msgstr
"リスト中の全ての要素を削除します。``del a[:]`` と同様です。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:64
msgid
""
"Return zero-based index of the first occurrence of *value* in the list. "
"Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item."
msgstr
""
"リスト内で *value* が最初に現れる位置のインデックスを返します。インデックス"
"は 0 から数えます。該当する要素がなければ :exc:`ValueError` を送出します。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:67
msgid
""
"The optional arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in the slice "
"notation and are used to limit the search to a particular subsequence of the "
"list. The returned index is computed relative to the beginning of the full "
"sequence rather than the *start* argument."
msgstr
""
"任意の引数である *start* と *end* はスライス記法として解釈され、リストの探索"
"範囲を指定できます。返される添字は、*start* 引数からの相対位置ではなく、リス"
"ト全体の先頭からの位置になります。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:76
msgid
"Return the number of times *value* appears in the list."
msgstr
"*value* がリスト内に現れる回数を返します。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:82
msgid
""
"Sort the items of the list in place (the arguments can be used for sort "
"customization, see :func:`sorted` for their explanation)."
msgstr
""
"リストの項目を、インプレース演算 (in place、元のデータを演算結果で置き換える"
"やりかた) でソートします。引数はソート方法のカスタマイズに使えます。 :func:"
"`sorted` の説明を参照してください。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:89
msgid
"Reverse the elements of the list in place."
msgstr
"リストの要素を、インプレース演算で逆順にします。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:95
msgid
"Return a shallow copy of the list. Similar to ``a[:]``."
msgstr
"リストの浅い (shallow) コピーを返します。``a[:]`` と同様です。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:98
msgid
"An example that uses most of the list methods::"
msgstr
"以下にリストのメソッドをほぼ全て使った例を示します::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:100
msgid
""
">>> fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', "
"'banana']\n"
">>> fruits.count('apple')\n"
"2\n"
">>> fruits.count('tangerine')\n"
"0\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana')\n"
"3\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana', 4) # Find next banana starting at position 4\n"
"6\n"
">>> fruits.reverse()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange']\n"
">>> fruits.append('grape')\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'grape']\n"
">>> fruits.sort()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['apple', 'apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'grape', 'kiwi', 'orange', 'pear']\n"
">>> fruits.pop()\n"
"'pear'"
msgstr
""
">>> fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', "
"'banana']\n"
">>> fruits.count('apple')\n"
"2\n"
">>> fruits.count('tangerine')\n"
"0\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana')\n"
"3\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana', 4) # インデックス4から数えて次の banana の位置\n"
"6\n"
">>> fruits.reverse()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange']\n"
">>> fruits.append('grape')\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'grape']\n"
">>> fruits.sort()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['apple', 'apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'grape', 'kiwi', 'orange', 'pear']\n"
">>> fruits.pop()\n"
"'pear'"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:121
msgid
""
"You might have noticed that methods like ``insert``, ``remove`` or ``sort`` "
"that only modify the list have no return value printed -- they return the "
"default ``None``. [#]_ This is a design principle for all mutable data "
"structures in Python."
msgstr
""
"``insert``, ``remove``, ``sort`` などのリストを操作するメソッドの戻り値が表示"
"されていないことに気が付いたかもしれません。これらのメソッドは ``None`` を返"
"しています。[#]_ これは Python の変更可能なデータ構造全てについての設計上の原"
"則となっています。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:126
msgid
""
"Another thing you might notice is that not all data can be sorted or "
"compared. For instance, ``[None, 'hello', 10]`` doesn't sort because "
"integers can't be compared to strings and ``None`` can't be compared to "
"other types. Also, there are some types that don't have a defined ordering "
"relation. For example, ``3+4j < 5+7j`` isn't a valid comparison."
msgstr
""
"もうひとつ気付くとしたら、すべてのデータでソートや比較できるわけではないとい"
"うことです。 例えば、 ``[None, 'hello', 10]`` はソートされません。なぜなら整"
"数は文字列と比べられませんし、 ``None`` は他の型と比べられないからです。 ま"
"た、順序関係が定義されていない型もあります。 例えば、 ``3+4j < 5+7j`` は有効"
"な比較ではありません。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:137
msgid
"Using Lists as Stacks"
msgstr
"リストをスタックとして使う"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:139
msgid
""
"The list methods make it very easy to use a list as a stack, where the last "
"element added is the first element retrieved (
\"
last-in, first-out
\"
). To "
"add an item to the top of the stack, use :meth:`~list.append`. To retrieve "
"an item from the top of the stack, use :meth:`~list.pop` without an explicit "
"index. For example::"
msgstr
""
"リストのメソッドを使えば、リストを簡単にスタックとして使えます。スタックは最"
"後に追加した要素を最初に取り出す「後入れ先出し」の仕組みです。スタックの一番"
"上に要素を追加するには :meth:`~list.append` を使います。一番上から要素を取り"
"出すには、インデックスを指定せずに :meth:`~list.pop` を使います。例えば次のよ"
"うにします::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:144
msgid
""
">>> stack = [3, 4, 5]\n"
">>> stack.append(6)\n"
">>> stack.append(7)\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"7\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"6\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"5\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4]"
msgstr
""
">>> stack = [3, 4, 5]\n"
">>> stack.append(6)\n"
">>> stack.append(7)\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"7\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"6\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"5\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:164
msgid
"Using Lists as Queues"
msgstr
"リストをキューとして使う"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:166
msgid
""
"It is also possible to use a list as a queue, where the first element added "
"is the first element retrieved (
\"
first-in, first-out
\"
); however, lists are "
"not efficient for this purpose. While appends and pops from the end of list "
"are fast, doing inserts or pops from the beginning of a list is slow "
"(because all of the other elements have to be shifted by one). See :ref:"
"`time-complexity` for more information."
msgstr
""
"リストは最初に追加した要素を最初に取り出す「先入れ先出し」のキューとしても使"
"えますが、この用途では効率がよくありません。リストの末尾での追加や取り出しは"
"高速ですが、先頭での挿入や取り出しには時間がかかります。他のすべての要素を1つ"
"ずつずらす必要があるためです。詳しくは :ref:`time-complexity` を参照してくだ"
"さい。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:173
msgid
""
"To implement a queue, use :class:`collections.deque` which was designed to "
"have fast appends and pops from both ends. For example::"
msgstr
""
"キューの実装には :class:`collections.deque` を使います。このクラスは両端で要"
"素を高速に追加・取り出しできるように設計されています。例えば次のように使いま"
"す::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:176
msgid
""
">>> from collections import deque\n"
">>> queue = deque([
\"
Eric
\"
,
\"
John
\"
,
\"
Michael
\"
])\n"
">>> queue.append(
\"
Terry
\"
) # Terry arrives\n"
">>> queue.append(
\"
Graham
\"
) # Graham arrives\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # The first to arrive now leaves\n"
"'Eric'\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # The second to arrive now leaves\n"
"'John'\n"
">>> queue # Remaining queue in order of arrival\n"
"deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])"
msgstr
""
">>> from collections import deque\n"
">>> queue = deque([
\"
Eric
\"
,
\"
John
\"
,
\"
Michael
\"
])\n"
">>> queue.append(
\"
Terry
\"
) # Terry が到着\n"
">>> queue.append(
\"
Graham
\"
) # Graham が到着\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # 最初に到着した人が去る\n"
"'Eric'\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # 2番目に到着した人が去る\n"
"'John'\n"
">>> queue # 残っている人を到着順に表示\n"
"deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:191
msgid
"List Comprehensions"
msgstr
"リストの内包表記"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:193
msgid
""
"List comprehensions provide a concise way to create lists. Common "
"applications are to make new lists where each element is the result of some "
"operations applied to each member of another sequence or iterable, or to "
"create a subsequence of those elements that satisfy a certain condition."
msgstr
""
"リスト内包表記を使うとリストを簡潔に作れます。シーケンスやイテラブルの各要素"
"に操作を適用した結果から新しいリストを作るときによく使います。また、特定の条"
"件を満たす要素だけを取り出して部分シーケンスを作ることもできます。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:198
msgid
"For example, assume we want to create a list of squares, like::"
msgstr
"例えば、次のような平方のリストを作りたいとします::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:200
msgid
""
">>> squares = []\n"
">>> for x in range(10):\n"
"... squares.append(x**2)\n"
"...\n"
">>> squares\n"
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]"
msgstr
""
">>> squares = []\n"
">>> for x in range(10):\n"
"... squares.append(x**2)\n"
"...\n"
">>> squares\n"
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:207
msgid
""
"Note that this creates (or overwrites) a variable named ``x`` that still "
"exists after the loop completes. We can calculate the list of squares "
"without any side effects using::"
msgstr
""
"このコードは ``x`` という名前の変数を作るか、既存の変数を上書きします。この変"
"数がループ終了後も残ることに注意してください。次のように書けば、副作用なしで"
"平方のリストを計算できます::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:211
msgid
"squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))"
msgstr
"squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:213
msgid
"or, equivalently::"
msgstr
"もしくは、以下でも同じです::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:215
msgid
"squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]"
msgstr
"squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:217
msgid
"which is more concise and readable."
msgstr
"これはより簡潔で読みやすいです。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:219
msgid
""
"A list comprehension consists of brackets containing an expression followed "
"by a :keyword:`!for` clause, then zero or more :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!"
"if` clauses. The result will be a new list resulting from evaluating the "
"expression in the context of the :keyword:`!for` and :keyword:`!if` clauses "
"which follow it. For example, this listcomp combines the elements of two "
"lists if they are not equal::"
msgstr
""
"リスト内包表記は、式とそれに続く :keyword:`!for` 句、さらに0個以上の :"
"keyword:`!for` 句または :keyword:`!if` 句を角括弧で囲んだものです。式に続く :"
"keyword:`!for` 句と :keyword:`!if` 句に従って式を評価し、その結果を要素とする"
"新しいリストを作ります。例えば次のリスト内包表記は、2つのリストから等しくない"
"要素同士を組み合わせてペアを作ります::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:226
msgid
""
">>> [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
msgstr
""
">>> [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:229
msgid
"and it's equivalent to::"
msgstr
"これは次のコードと等価です::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:231
msgid
""
">>> combs = []\n"
">>> for x in [1,2,3]:\n"
"... for y in [3,1,4]:\n"
"... if x != y:\n"
"... combs.append((x, y))\n"
"...\n"
">>> combs\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
msgstr
""
">>> combs = []\n"
">>> for x in [1,2,3]:\n"
"... for y in [3,1,4]:\n"
"... if x != y:\n"
"... combs.append((x, y))\n"
"...\n"
">>> combs\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:240
msgid
""
"Note how the order of the :keyword:`for` and :keyword:`if` statements is the "
"same in both these snippets."
msgstr
""
"どちらのコードでも :keyword:`for` 文と :keyword:`if` 文の順序が同じであること"
"に注目してください。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:243
msgid
""
"If the expression is a tuple (e.g. the ``(x, y)`` in the previous example), "
"it must be parenthesized. ::"
msgstr
""
"式がタプルの場合は前の例の ``(x, y)`` のように丸括弧で囲む必要があります。 ::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:246
msgid
""
">>> vec = [-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # create a new list with the values doubled\n"
">>> [x*2 for x in vec]\n"
"[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]\n"
">>> # filter the list to exclude negative numbers\n"
">>> [x for x in vec if x >= 0]\n"
"[0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # apply a function to all the elements\n"
">>> [abs(x) for x in vec]\n"
"[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # call a method on each element\n"
">>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']\n"
">>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]\n"
"['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']\n"
">>> # create a list of 2-tuples like (number, square)\n"
">>> [(x, x**2) for x in range(6)]\n"
"[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]\n"
">>> # the tuple must be parenthesized, otherwise an error is raised\n"
">>> [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1\n"
" [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" ^^^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\n"
">>> # flatten a list using a listcomp with two 'for'\n"
">>> vec = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]\n"
">>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]\n"
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
msgstr
""
">>> vec = [-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # 値を2倍にした新しいリストを作る\n"
">>> [x*2 for x in vec]\n"
"[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]\n"
">>> # リストから負の数を除く\n"
">>> [x for x in vec if x >= 0]\n"
"[0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # すべての要素に関数を適用する\n"
">>> [abs(x) for x in vec]\n"
"[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # 各要素のメソッドを呼び出す\n"
">>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']\n"
">>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]\n"
"['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']\n"
">>> # (number, square) のような2要素のタプルのリストを作る\n"
">>> [(x, x**2) for x in range(6)]\n"
"[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]\n"
">>> # タプルを丸括弧で囲まないとエラーになる\n"
">>> [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1\n"
" [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" ^^^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\n"
">>> # 2つの 'for' を持つリスト内包表記でリストをフラットにする\n"
">>> vec = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]\n"
">>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]\n"
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:274
msgid
""
"List comprehensions can contain complex expressions and nested functions::"
msgstr
"リスト内包表記では複雑な式や入れ子になった関数呼び出しも使えます::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:276
msgid
""
">>> from math import pi\n"
">>> [str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]\n"
"['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']"
msgstr
""
">>> from math import pi\n"
">>> [str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]\n"
"['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:281
msgid
"Nested List Comprehensions"
msgstr
"ネストしたリストの内包表記"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:283
msgid
""
"The initial expression in a list comprehension can be any arbitrary "
"expression, including another list comprehension."
msgstr
""
"リスト内包表記中の最初の式は任意の式なので、そこに他のリスト内包表記を書くこ"
"ともできます。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:286
msgid
""
"Consider the following example of a 3x4 matrix implemented as a list of 3 "
"lists of length 4::"
msgstr
"次の、長さ4のリスト3つからなる、3x4 の matrix について考えます::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:289
msgid
""
">>> matrix = [\n"
"... [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
"... [5, 6, 7, 8],\n"
"... [9, 10, 11, 12],\n"
"... ]"
msgstr
""
">>> matrix = [\n"
"... [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
"... [5, 6, 7, 8],\n"
"... [9, 10, 11, 12],\n"
"... ]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:295
msgid
"The following list comprehension will transpose rows and columns::"
msgstr
"次のリスト内包表記は、matrix の行と列を入れ替えます::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:297
msgid
""
">>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
msgstr
""
">>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:300
msgid
""
"As we saw in the previous section, the inner list comprehension is evaluated "
"in the context of the :keyword:`for` that follows it, so this example is "
"equivalent to::"
msgstr
""
"前の節で見たように、内側のリスト内包表記は、続く :keyword:`for` のコンテキス"
"トの中で評価されます。そのため、この例は次のコードと等価です::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:304
msgid
""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
msgstr
""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:311
msgid
"which, in turn, is the same as::"
msgstr
"これをもう一度変換すると、次のコードと等価になります::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:313
msgid
""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... # the following 3 lines implement the nested listcomp\n"
"... transposed_row = []\n"
"... for row in matrix:\n"
"... transposed_row.append(row[i])\n"
"... transposed.append(transposed_row)\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
msgstr
""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... # 以下の3行はネストされたリスト内包表記と同じ実装\n"
"... transposed_row = []\n"
"... for row in matrix:\n"
"... transposed_row.append(row[i])\n"
"... transposed.append(transposed_row)\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:324
msgid
""
"In the real world, you should prefer built-in functions to complex flow "
"statements. The :func:`zip` function would do a great job for this use case::"
msgstr
""
"実際には複雑な流れの式よりも組み込み関数を使う方が良いです。この場合 :func:"
"`zip` 関数が良い仕事をしてくれるでしょう::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:327
msgid
""
">>> list(zip(*matrix))\n"
"[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]"
msgstr
""
">>> list(zip(*matrix))\n"
"[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:330
msgid
""
"See :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` for details on the asterisk in this line."
msgstr
""
"この行にあるアスタリスクの詳細については :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` を参"
"照してください。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:333
msgid
"Unpacking in Lists and List Comprehensions"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:335
msgid
""
"The section on :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` describes the use of ``*`` to "
"
\"
unpack
\"
the elements of an iterable object, providing each one separately "
"as an argument to a function. Unpacking can also be used in other contexts, "
"for example, when creating lists. When specifying elements of a list, "
"prefixing an expression by a ``*`` will unpack the result of that "
"expression, adding each of its elements to the list we're creating::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:342
msgid
""
">>> x = [1, 2, 3]\n"
">>> [0, *x, 4, 5, 6]\n"
"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:346
msgid
""
"This only works if the expression following the ``*`` evaluates to an "
"iterable object; trying to unpack a non-iterable object will raise an "
"exception::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:349
msgid
""
">>> x = 1\n"
">>> [0, *x, 2, 3, 4]\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<python-input-1>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
" [0, *x, 2, 3, 4]\n"
"TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not int"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:356
msgid
""
"Unpacking can also be used in list comprehensions, as a way to build a new "
"list representing the concatenation of an arbitrary number of iterables::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:359
msgid
""
">>> x = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [], [7], [8, 9]]\n"
">>> [*element for element in x]\n"
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:363
msgid
""
"Note that the effect is that each element from ``x`` is unpacked. This "
"works for arbitrary iterable objects, not just lists::"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:366
msgid
""
">>> x = [[1, 2, 3], 'cat', {'spam': 'eggs'}]\n"
">>> [*element for element in x]\n"
"[1, 2, 3, 'c', 'a', 't', 'spam']"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:370
msgid
""
"But if the objects in ``x`` are not iterable, this expression would again "
"raise an exception."
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:376
msgid
"The :keyword:`!del` statement"
msgstr
":keyword:`!del` 文"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:378
msgid
""
"There is a way to remove an item from a list given its index instead of its "
"value: the :keyword:`del` statement. This differs from the :meth:`~list."
"pop` method which returns a value. The :keyword:`!del` statement can also "
"be used to remove slices from a list or clear the entire list (which we did "
"earlier by assignment of an empty list to the slice). For example::"
msgstr
""
"リストから要素を削除する際、値を指定する代わりにインデックスを指定する方法が"
"あります。それが :keyword:`del` 文です。これは :meth:`~list.pop` メソッドと違"
"い、値を返しません。 :keyword:`!del` 文はリストからスライスを除去したり、リス"
"ト全体を削除することもできます(以前はスライスに空のリストを代入して行っていま"
"した)。例えば以下のようにします::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:384
msgid
""
">>> a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[0]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[2:4]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[:]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[]"
msgstr
""
">>> a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[0]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[2:4]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[:]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[]"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:395
msgid
":keyword:`del` can also be used to delete entire variables::"
msgstr
":keyword:`del` は変数全体の削除にも使えます::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:397
msgid
">>> del a"
msgstr
">>> del a"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:399
msgid
""
"Referencing the name ``a`` hereafter is an error (at least until another "
"value is assigned to it). We'll find other uses for :keyword:`del` later."
msgstr
""
"この文の後で名前 ``a`` を参照すると、(別の値を ``a`` に代入するまで) エラーに"
"なります。 :keyword:`del` の別の用途についてはまた後で取り上げます。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:406
msgid
"Tuples and Sequences"
msgstr
"タプルとシーケンス"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:408
msgid
""
"We saw that lists and strings have many common properties, such as indexing "
"and slicing operations. They are two examples of *sequence* data types "
"(see :ref:`typesseq`). Since Python is an evolving language, other sequence "
"data types may be added. There is also another standard sequence data type: "
"the *tuple*."
msgstr
""
"リストや文字列には、インデクスやスライスを使った演算のように、数多くの共通の"
"性質があることを見てきました。これらは *シーケンス (sequence)* データ型 (:"
"ref:`typesseq` を参照) の二つの例です。 Python はまだ進歩の過程にある言語なの"
"で、他のシーケンスデータ型が追加されるかもしれません。標準のシーケンス型はも"
"う一つあります: *タプル (tuple)* 型です。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:414
msgid
""
"A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas, for instance::"
msgstr
""
"タプルはコンマで区切られたいくつかの値からなります。例えば以下のように書きま"
"す::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:416
msgid
""
">>> t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'\n"
">>> t[0]\n"
"12345\n"
">>> t\n"
"(12345, 54321, 'hello!')\n"
">>> # Tuples may be nested:\n"
">>> u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n"
">>> u\n"
"((12345, 54321, 'hello!'), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))\n"
">>> # Tuples are immutable:\n"
">>> t[0] = 88888\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n"
">>> # but they can contain mutable objects:\n"
">>> v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n"
">>> v\n"
"([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n"
">>> # they support unpacking just like lists:\n"
">>> x = [1, 2, 3]\n"
">>> 0, *x, 4\n"
"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:439
msgid
""
"As you see, on output tuples are always enclosed in parentheses, so that "
"nested tuples are interpreted correctly; they may be input with or without "
"surrounding parentheses, although often parentheses are necessary anyway (if "
"the tuple is part of a larger expression). It is not possible to assign to "
"the individual items of a tuple, however it is possible to create tuples "
"which contain mutable objects, such as lists."
msgstr
""
"ご覧のとおり、タプルの表示には常に丸括弧がついていて、タプルのネストが正しく"
"解釈されるようになっています。タプルを書くときは必ずしも丸括弧で囲まなくても"
"いいですが、(タプルが大きな式の一部だった場合は) 丸括弧が必要な場合もありま"
"す。タプルの要素を代入することはできません。しかし、タプルにリストのような変"
"更可能型を含めることはできます。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:446
msgid
""
"Though tuples may seem similar to lists, they are often used in different "
"situations and for different purposes. Tuples are :term:`immutable`, and "
"usually contain a heterogeneous sequence of elements that are accessed via "
"unpacking (see later in this section) or indexing (or even by attribute in "
"the case of :func:`namedtuples <collections.namedtuple>`). Lists are :term:"
"`mutable`, and their elements are usually homogeneous and are accessed by "
"iterating over the list."
msgstr
""
"タプルはリストと似ていますが、たいてい異なる場面と異なる目的で利用されます。"
"タプルは :term:`不変 <immutable>` で、複数の型の要素からなることもあり、要素"
"はアンパック(この節の後半に出てきます)操作やインデックス (あるいは :func:"
"`namedtuples <collections.namedtuple>` の場合は属性)でアクセスすることが多い"
"です。一方、リストは :term:`可変 <mutable>` で、要素はたいてい同じ型のオブ"
"ジェクトであり、たいていイテレートによってアクセスします。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:454
msgid
""
"A special problem is the construction of tuples containing 0 or 1 items: the "
"syntax has some extra quirks to accommodate these. Empty tuples are "
"constructed by an empty pair of parentheses; a tuple with one item is "
"constructed by following a value with a comma (it is not sufficient to "
"enclose a single value in parentheses). Ugly, but effective. For example::"
msgstr
""
"問題は 0 個または 1 個の項目からなるタプルの構築です。これらの操作を行うた"
"め、構文には特別な細工がされています。空のタプルは空の丸括弧ペアで構築できま"
"す。一つの要素を持つタプルは、値の後ろにコンマを続ける (単一の値を丸括弧で囲"
"むだけでは不十分です) ことで構築できます。美しくはないけれども、効果的です。"
"例えば以下のようにします::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:460
msgid
""
">>> empty = ()\n"
">>> singleton = 'hello', # <-- note trailing comma\n"
">>> len(empty)\n"
"0\n"
">>> len(singleton)\n"
"1\n"
">>> singleton\n"
"('hello',)"
msgstr
""
">>> empty = ()\n"
">>> singleton = 'hello', # <-- 末尾にカンマがあることに注意\n"
">>> len(empty)\n"
"0\n"
">>> len(singleton)\n"
"1\n"
">>> singleton\n"
"('hello',)"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:469
msgid
""
"The statement ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` is an example of *tuple "
"packing*: the values ``12345``, ``54321`` and ``'hello!'`` are packed "
"together in a tuple. The reverse operation is also possible::"
msgstr
""
"文 ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` は *タプルのパック (tuple packing)* の例で"
"す。値 ``12345``, ``54321``, ``'hello!'`` が一つのタプルにパックされます。逆"
"の演算も可能です::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:473
msgid
">>> x, y, z = t"
msgstr
">>> x, y, z = t"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:475
msgid
""
"This is called, appropriately enough, *sequence unpacking* and works for any "
"sequence on the right-hand side. Sequence unpacking requires that there are "
"as many variables on the left side of the equals sign as there are elements "
"in the sequence. Note that multiple assignment is really just a combination "
"of tuple packing and sequence unpacking."
msgstr
""
"この操作は、*シーケンスのアンパック (sequence unpacking)* とでも呼ぶべきもの"
"で、右辺には全てのシーケンス型を使うことができます。シーケンスのアンパックで"
"は、等号の左辺に列挙されている変数が、右辺のシーケンスの長さと同じ数だけある"
"ことが要求されます。複数同時の代入が実はタプルのパックとシーケンスのアンパッ"
"クを組み合わせたものに過ぎないことに注意してください。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:485
msgid
"Sets"
msgstr
"集合型"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:487
msgid
""
"Python also includes a data type for :ref:`sets <types-set>`. A set is an "
"unordered collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include "
"membership testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also "
"support mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and "
"symmetric difference."
msgstr
""
"Python には、 :ref:`sets <types-set>` を扱うためのデータ型もあります。集合と"
"は、重複する要素をもたない、順序づけられていない要素の集まりです。 Set オブ"
"ジェクトは、和 (union)、積 (intersection)、差 (difference)、対称差 "
"(symmetric difference)といった数学的な演算もサポートしています。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:493
msgid
""
"Curly braces or the :func:`set` function can be used to create sets. Note: "
"to create an empty set you have to use ``set()``, not ``{}``; the latter "
"creates an empty dictionary, a data structure that we discuss in the next "
"section."
msgstr
""
"中括弧、または :func:`set` 関数は set を生成するために使用することができま"
"す。注: 空集合を作成するためには ``set()`` を使用しなければなりません (``{}"
"`` ではなく)。後者は空の辞書を作成します。辞書は次のセクションで議論するデー"
"タ構造です。"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:497
msgid
""
"Because sets are unordered, iterating over them or printing them can produce "
"the elements in a different order than you expect."
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:500
msgid
"Here is a brief demonstration::"
msgstr
"簡単なデモンストレーションを示します::"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:502
msgid
""
">>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}\n"
">>> print(basket) # show that duplicates have been "
"removed\n"
"{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}\n"
">>> 'orange' in basket # fast membership testing\n"
"True\n"
">>> 'crabgrass' in basket\n"
"False\n"
"\n"
">>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words\n"
">>>\n"
">>> a = set('abracadabra')\n"
">>> b = set('alacazam')\n"
">>> a # unique letters in a\n"
"{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n"
">>> a - b # letters in a but not in b\n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b'}\n"
">>> a | b # letters in a or b or both\n"
"{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}\n"
">>> a & b # letters in both a and b\n"
"{'a', 'c'}\n"
">>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both\n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}"
msgstr
""
">>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}\n"
">>> print(basket) # 重複が削除されていることを確認\n"
"{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}\n"
">>> 'orange' in basket # 高速なメンバー判定\n"
"True\n"
">>> 'crabgrass' in basket\n"
"False\n"
"\n"
">>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words\n"
">>>\n"
">>> a = set('abracadabra')\n"
">>> b = set('alacazam')\n"
">>> a # aのユニークな文字\n"
"{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n"
">>> a - b # aにあってbにない文字\n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b'}\n"
">>> a | b # aまたはbまたは両方に存在する文字\n"
"{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}\n"
">>> a & b # aとbの両方に存在する文字\n"
"{'a', 'c'}\n"
">>> a ^ b # aまたはbにあるが、両方にはない文"
"字 \n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}"
#:
../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:525
msgid
""
"Similarly to :ref:`list comprehensions <tut-listcomps>`, set comprehensions "
"are also supported, including comprehensions with unpacking::"
msgstr
""
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