pythoncapi
diff --git a/‎Doc/c-api/init.rst‎
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diff --git a/‎Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst‎
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diff --git a/‎Include/pystate.h‎
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diff --git a/‎Include/pythread.h‎
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diff --git a/‎Lib/_dummy_thread.py‎
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diff --git a/‎Lib/test/test_dummy_thread.py‎
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diff --git a/‎Lib/test/test_sys.py‎
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diff --git a/‎Lib/test/test_threading.py‎
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diff --git a/‎Lib/threading.py‎
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diff --git a/‎Misc/NEWS‎
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@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ been created.
    the caller should assume no current thread state is available.
 
 
-.. c:function:: int PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(long id, PyObject *exc)
+.. c:function:: int PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(unsigned long id, PyObject *exc)
 
    Asynchronously raise an exception in a thread. The *id* argument is the thread
    id of the target thread; *exc* is the exception object to be raised. This
@@ -840,6 +840,9 @@ been created.
    zero if the thread id isn't found.  If *exc* is :const:`NULL`, the pending
    exception (if any) for the thread is cleared. This raises no exceptions.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.7
+      The type of the *id* parameter changed from :c:type:`long` to
+      :c:type:`unsigned long`.
 
 .. c:function:: void PyEval_AcquireThread(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
 
@@ -185,6 +185,16 @@ Deprecated
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28692`.)
 
 
+Changes in the C API
+--------------------
+
+- The type of results of :c:func:`PyThread_start_new_thread` and
+  :c:func:`PyThread_get_thread_ident`, and the *id* parameter of
+  :c:func:`PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc` changed from :c:type:`long` to
+  :c:type:`unsigned long`.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`6532`.)
+
+
 Removed
 =======
 
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ typedef struct _ts {
     int gilstate_counter;
 
     PyObject *async_exc; /* Asynchronous exception to raise */
-    long thread_id; /* Thread id where this tstate was created */
+    unsigned long thread_id; /* Thread id where this tstate was created */
 
     int trash_delete_nesting;
     PyObject *trash_delete_later;
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyThreadState *) _PyThreadState_UncheckedGet(void);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyThreadState *) PyThreadState_Swap(PyThreadState *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyThreadState_GetDict(void);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(long, PyObject *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(unsigned long, PyObject *);
 
 
 /* Variable and macro for in-line access to current thread state */
 
@@ -17,10 +17,14 @@ typedef enum PyLockStatus {
     PY_LOCK_INTR
 } PyLockStatus;
 
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+#define PYTHREAD_INVALID_THREAD_ID ((unsigned long)-1)
+#endif
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyThread_init_thread(void);
-PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyThread_start_new_thread(void (*)(void *), void *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyThread_start_new_thread(void (*)(void *), void *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyThread_exit_thread(void);
-PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyThread_get_thread_ident(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyThread_get_thread_ident(void);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyThread_type_lock) PyThread_allocate_lock(void);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyThread_free_lock(PyThread_type_lock);
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def get_ident():
     available, it is safe to assume that the current process is the
     only thread.  Thus a constant can be safely returned.
     """
-    return -1
+    return 1
 
 def allocate_lock():
     """Dummy implementation of _thread.allocate_lock()."""
 
@@ -111,8 +111,7 @@ def test_exit(self):
     def test_ident(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(_thread.get_ident(), int,
                               "_thread.get_ident() returned a non-integer")
-        self.assertNotEqual(_thread.get_ident(), 0,
-                        "_thread.get_ident() returned 0")
+        self.assertGreater(_thread.get_ident(), 0)
 
     def test_LockType(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(_thread.allocate_lock(), _thread.LockType,
 
@@ -393,6 +393,9 @@ def g456():
         thread_id = thread_info[0]
 
         d = sys._current_frames()
+        for tid in d:
+            self.assertIsInstance(tid, int)
+            self.assertGreater(tid, 0)
 
         main_id = threading.get_ident()
         self.assertIn(main_id, d)
 
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ def test_PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(self):
         ctypes = import_module("ctypes")
 
         set_async_exc = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc
+        set_async_exc.argtypes = (ctypes.c_ulong, ctypes.py_object)
 
         class AsyncExc(Exception):
             pass
@@ -189,9 +190,11 @@ class AsyncExc(Exception):
 
         # First check it works when setting the exception from the same thread.
         tid = threading.get_ident()
+        self.assertIsInstance(tid, int)
+        self.assertGreater(tid, 0)
 
         try:
-            result = set_async_exc(ctypes.c_long(tid), exception)
+            result = set_async_exc(tid, exception)
             # The exception is async, so we might have to keep the VM busy until
             # it notices.
             while True:
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ def run(self):
         # Try a thread id that doesn't make sense.
         if verbose:
             print("    trying nonsensical thread id")
-        result = set_async_exc(ctypes.c_long(-1), exception)
+        result = set_async_exc(-1, exception)
         self.assertEqual(result, 0)  # no thread states modified
 
         # Now raise an exception in the worker thread.
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ def run(self):
         self.assertFalse(t.finished)
         if verbose:
             print("    attempting to raise asynch exception in worker")
-        result = set_async_exc(ctypes.c_long(t.id), exception)
+        result = set_async_exc(t.id, exception)
         self.assertEqual(result, 1) # one thread state modified
         if verbose:
             print("    waiting for worker to say it caught the exception")
 
@@ -993,14 +993,14 @@ def _delete(self):
         #
         # Must take care to not raise an exception if _dummy_thread is being
         # used (and thus this module is being used as an instance of
-        # dummy_threading).  _dummy_thread.get_ident() always returns -1 since
+        # dummy_threading).  _dummy_thread.get_ident() always returns 1 since
         # there is only one thread if _dummy_thread is being used.  Thus
         # len(_active) is always <= 1 here, and any Thread instance created
         # overwrites the (if any) thread currently registered in _active.
         #
         # An instance of _MainThread is always created by 'threading'.  This
         # gets overwritten the instant an instance of Thread is created; both
-        # threads return -1 from _dummy_thread.get_ident() and thus have the
+        # threads return 1 from _dummy_thread.get_ident() and thus have the
         # same key in the dict.  So when the _MainThread instance created by
         # 'threading' tries to clean itself up when atexit calls this method
         # it gets a KeyError if another Thread instance was created.
 
@@ -813,6 +813,10 @@ Windows
 C API
 -----
 
+- bpo-6532: The type of results of PyThread_start_new_thread() and
+  PyThread_get_thread_ident(), and the id parameter of
+  PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc() changed from "long" to "unsigned long".
+
 - Issue #27867: Function PySlice_GetIndicesEx() is deprecated and replaced with
   a macro if Py_LIMITED_API is not set or set to the value between 0x03050400
   and 0x03060000 (not including) or 0x03060100 or higher.  Added functions