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| 1 | + ======== | ||
| 2 | + TUTORIAL | ||
| 3 | + ======== | ||
| 4 | + | ||
| 5 | + GitPython provides object model access to your git repository. Once you have | ||
| 6 | + created a repository object, you can traverse it to find parent commit(s), | ||
| 7 | + trees, blobs, etc. | ||
| 8 | + | ||
| 9 | + Initialize a Repo object | ||
| 10 | + ************************ | ||
| 11 | + | ||
| 12 | + The first step is to create a ``Repo`` object to represent your repository. | ||
| 13 | + | ||
| 14 | + >>> from git import * | ||
| 15 | + >>> repo = Repo("/Users/mtrier/Development/git-python") | ||
| 16 | + | ||
| 17 | + In the above example, the directory ``/Users/mtrier/Development/git-python`` | ||
| 18 | + is my working repository and contains the ``.git`` directory. You can also | ||
| 19 | + initialize GitPython with a bare repository. | ||
| 20 | + | ||
| 21 | + >>> repo = Repo.create("/var/git/git-python.git") | ||
| 22 | + | ||
| 23 | + Getting a list of commits | ||
| 24 | + ************************* | ||
| 25 | + | ||
| 26 | + From the ``Repo`` object, you can get a list of ``Commit`` | ||
| 27 | + objects. | ||
| 28 | + | ||
| 29 | + >>> repo.commits() | ||
| 30 | + [<GitPython.Commit "207c0c4418115df0d30820ab1a9acd2ea4bf4431">, | ||
| 31 | + <GitPython.Commit "a91c45eee0b41bf3cdaad3418ca3850664c4a4b4">, | ||
| 32 | + <GitPython.Commit "e17c7e11aed9e94d2159e549a99b966912ce1091">, | ||
| 33 | + <GitPython.Commit "bd795df2d0e07d10e0298670005c0e9d9a5ed867">] | ||
| 34 | + | ||
| 35 | + Called without arguments, ``Repo.commits`` returns a list of up to ten commits | ||
| 36 | + reachable by the master branch (starting at the latest commit). You can ask | ||
| 37 | + for commits beginning at a different branch, commit, tag, etc. | ||
| 38 | + | ||
| 39 | + >>> repo.commits('mybranch') | ||
| 40 | + >>> repo.commits('40d3057d09a7a4d61059bca9dca5ae698de58cbe') | ||
| 41 | + >>> repo.commits('v0.1') | ||
| 42 | + | ||
| 43 | + You can specify the maximum number of commits to return. | ||
| 44 | + | ||
| 45 | + >>> repo.commits('master', 100) | ||
| 46 | + | ||
| 47 | + If you need paging, you can specify a number of commits to skip. | ||
| 48 | + | ||
| 49 | + >>> repo.commits('master', 10, 20) | ||
| 50 | + | ||
| 51 | + The above will return commits 21-30 from the commit list. | ||
| 52 | + | ||
| 53 | + The Commit object | ||
| 54 | + ***************** | ||
| 55 | + | ||
| 56 | + Commit objects contain information about a specific commit. | ||
| 57 | + | ||
| 58 | + >>> head = repo.commits()[0] | ||
| 59 | + | ||
| 60 | + >>> head.id | ||
| 61 | + '207c0c4418115df0d30820ab1a9acd2ea4bf4431' | ||
| 62 | + | ||
| 63 | + >>> head.parents | ||
| 64 | + [<GitPython.Commit "a91c45eee0b41bf3cdaad3418ca3850664c4a4b4">] | ||
| 65 | + | ||
| 66 | + >>> head.tree | ||
| 67 | + <GitPython.Tree "563413aedbeda425d8d9dcbb744247d0c3e8a0ac"> | ||
| 68 | + | ||
| 69 | + >>> head.author | ||
| 70 | + <GitPython.Actor "Michael Trier <mtrier@gmail.com>"> | ||
| 71 | + | ||
| 72 | + >>> head.authored_date | ||
| 73 | + (2008, 5, 7, 5, 0, 56, 2, 128, 0) | ||
| 74 | + | ||
| 75 | + >>> head.committer | ||
| 76 | + <GitPython.Actor "Michael Trier <mtrier@gmail.com>"> | ||
| 77 | + | ||
| 78 | + >>> head.committed_date | ||
| 79 | + (2008, 5, 7, 5, 0, 56, 2, 128, 0) | ||
| 80 | + | ||
| 81 | + >>> head.message | ||
| 82 | + 'cleaned up a lot of test information. Fixed escaping so it works with | ||
| 83 | + subprocess.' | ||
| 84 | + | ||
| 85 | + Note: date time is represented in a `struct_time`_ format. Conversion to | ||
| 86 | + human readable form can be accomplished with the various time module methods. | ||
| 87 | + | ||
| 88 | + >>> import time | ||
| 89 | + >>> time.asctime(head.committed_date) | ||
| 90 | + 'Wed May 7 05:56:02 2008' | ||
| 91 | + | ||
| 92 | + >>> time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M", head.committed_date) | ||
| 93 | + 'Wed, 7 May 2008 05:56' | ||
| 94 | + | ||
| 95 | + .. _struct_time: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-time.html | ||
| 96 | + | ||
| 97 | + You can traverse a commit's ancestry by chaining calls to ``parents``. | ||
| 98 | + | ||
| 99 | + >>> repo.commits()[0].parents[0].parents[0].parents[0] | ||
| 100 | + | ||
| 101 | + The above corresponds to ``master^^^`` or ``master~3`` in git parlance. | ||
| 102 | + | ||
| 103 | + The Tree object | ||
| 104 | + *************** | ||
| 105 | + | ||
| 106 | + A tree records pointers to the contents of a directory. Let's say you want | ||
| 107 | + the root tree of the latest commit on the master branch. | ||
| 108 | + | ||
| 109 | + >>> tree = repo.commits()[0].tree | ||
| 110 | + <GitPython.Tree "a006b5b1a8115185a228b7514cdcd46fed90dc92"> | ||
| 111 | + | ||
| 112 | + >>> tree.id | ||
| 113 | + 'a006b5b1a8115185a228b7514cdcd46fed90dc92' | ||
| 114 | + | ||
| 115 | + Once you have a tree, you can get the contents. | ||
| 116 | + | ||
| 117 | + >>> contents = tree.contents | ||
| 118 | + [<GitPython.Blob "6a91a439ea968bf2f5ce8bb1cd8ddf5bf2cad6c7">, | ||
| 119 | + <GitPython.Blob "e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391">, | ||
| 120 | + <GitPython.Tree "eaa0090ec96b054e425603480519e7cf587adfc3">, | ||
| 121 | + <GitPython.Blob "980e72ae16b5378009ba5dfd6772b59fe7ccd2df">] | ||
| 122 | + | ||
| 123 | + This tree contains three ``Blob`` objects and one ``Tree`` object. The trees | ||
| 124 | + are subdirectories and the blobs are files. Trees below the root have | ||
| 125 | + additional attributes. | ||
| 126 | + | ||
| 127 | + >>> contents = tree.contents[-2] | ||
| 128 | + <GitPython.Tree "e5445b9db4a9f08d5b4de4e29e61dffda2f386ba"> | ||
| 129 | + | ||
| 130 | + >>> contents.name | ||
| 131 | + 'test' | ||
| 132 | + | ||
| 133 | + >>> contents.mode | ||
| 134 | + '040000' | ||
| 135 | + | ||
| 136 | + There is a convenience method that allows you to get a named sub-object | ||
| 137 | + from a tree. | ||
| 138 | + | ||
| 139 | + >>> tree/"lib" | ||
| 140 | + <GitPython.Tree "c1c7214dde86f76bc3e18806ac1f47c38b2b7a30"> | ||
| 141 | + | ||
| 142 | + You can also get a tree directly from the repository if you know its name. | ||
| 143 | + | ||
| 144 | + >>> repo.tree() | ||
| 145 | + <GitPython.Tree "master"> | ||
| 146 | + | ||
| 147 | + >>> repo.tree("c1c7214dde86f76bc3e18806ac1f47c38b2b7a30") | ||
| 148 | + <GitPython.Tree "c1c7214dde86f76bc3e18806ac1f47c38b2b7a30"> | ||
| 149 | + | ||
| 150 | + The Blob object | ||
| 151 | + *************** | ||
| 152 | + | ||
| 153 | + A blob represents a file. Trees often contain blobs. | ||
| 154 | + | ||
| 155 | + >>> blob = tree.contents[-1] | ||
| 156 | + <GitPython.Blob "b19574431a073333ea09346eafd64e7b1908ef49"> | ||
| 157 | + | ||
| 158 | + A blob has certain attributes. | ||
| 159 | + | ||
| 160 | + >>> blob.name | ||
| 161 | + 'urls.py' | ||
| 162 | + | ||
| 163 | + >>> blob.mode | ||
| 164 | + '100644' | ||
| 165 | + | ||
| 166 | + >>> blob.mime_type | ||
| 167 | + 'text/x-python' | ||
| 168 | + | ||
| 169 | + >>> blob.size | ||
| 170 | + 415 | ||
| 171 | + | ||
| 172 | + You can get the data of a blob as a string. | ||
| 173 | + | ||
| 174 | + >>> blob.data | ||
| 175 | + "from django.conf.urls.defaults import *\nfrom django.conf..." | ||
| 176 | + | ||
| 177 | + You can also get a blob directly from the repo if you know its name. | ||
| 178 | + | ||
| 179 | + >>> repo.blob("b19574431a073333ea09346eafd64e7b1908ef49") | ||
| 180 | + <GitPython.Blob "b19574431a073333ea09346eafd64e7b1908ef49"> | ||
| 181 | + | ||
| 182 | + What Else? | ||
| 183 | + ********** | ||
| 184 | + | ||
| 185 | + There is more stuff in there, like the ability to tar or gzip repos, stats, | ||
| 186 | + log, blame, and probably a few other things. Additionally calls to the git | ||
| 187 | + instance are handled through a ``method_missing`` construct, which makes | ||
| 188 | + available any git commands directly, with a nice conversion of Python dicts | ||
| 189 | + to command line parameters. | ||
| 190 | + | ||
| 191 | + Check the unit tests, they're pretty exhaustive. | ||
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