Complete collection of 55 runnable examples demonstrating PDOdb features across all 6 database dialects (MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MSSQL, Oracle).

# SQLite is pre-configured and ready to use
php 01-basic/02-simple-crud.php

# Edit config.mysql.php with your credentials
# File already exists in examples/ directory
nano config.mysql.php

# Run with MySQL
PDODB_DRIVER=mysql php 01-basic/02-simple-crud.php

# Edit config.mariadb.php with your credentials
# File already exists in examples/ directory
nano config.mariadb.php

# Run with MariaDB
PDODB_DRIVER=mariadb php 01-basic/02-simple-crud.php

# Edit config.pgsql.php with your credentials
# File already exists in examples/ directory
nano config.pgsql.php

# Run with PostgreSQL
PDODB_DRIVER=pgsql php 01-basic/02-simple-crud.php

# Edit config.sqlsrv.php with your credentials
# File already exists in examples/ directory
nano config.sqlsrv.php

# Run with MSSQL
PDODB_DRIVER=sqlsrv php 01-basic/02-simple-crud.php

# Edit config.oracle.php with your credentials
# File already exists in examples/ directory
nano config.oracle.php

# Run with Oracle
PDODB_DRIVER=oci php 01-basic/02-simple-crud.php

./scripts/test-examples.sh

This script automatically:

• Detects which databases are configured
• Runs all examples on each available database
• Reports pass/fail status for each

PDOdb examples use separate config files per database:

Environment variable PDODB_DRIVER controls which config to use:

• sqlite (default) - loads config.sqlite.php
• mysql - loads config.mysql.php
• mariadb - loads config.mariadb.php
• pgsql - loads config.pgsql.php
• sqlsrv - loads config.sqlsrv.php
• oci - loads config.oracle.php

No environment variable? Defaults to SQLite with :memory: database.

Essential operations to get started.

• 01-connection.php - Database connection setup
• 02-simple-crud.php - Create, Read, Update, Delete
• 03-where-conditions.php - WHERE clauses and conditions
• 04-insert-update.php - Data manipulation
• 05-ordering.php - Ordering results (single, multiple, array, comma-separated)

Common patterns and operations.

• 01-joins.php - JOIN operations (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT)
• 02-aggregations.php - GROUP BY, HAVING, COUNT, SUM, AVG
• 03-pagination.php - LIMIT and OFFSET for pagination
• 03-pagination-advanced.php - Advanced pagination (full, simple, cursor)
• 04-transactions.php - Transaction management
• 05-savepoints.php - Savepoints and nested transactions
• 06-insert-select.php - INSERT ... SELECT operations
• 07-update-delete-join.php - UPDATE/DELETE with JOIN clauses

Complex operations and patterns.

• 01-connection-pooling.php - Multiple database connections
• 02-bulk-operations.php - Bulk inserts, CSV/XML loading
• 03-upsert.php - INSERT or UPDATE operations
• 04-subqueries.php - Subqueries in SELECT, WHERE, FROM
• 05-merge.php - MERGE statement (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE based on match conditions)
• 06-sql-formatter.php - SQL Formatter for pretty-printing queries
• 07-window-functions.php - Window functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, LAG, LEAD, running totals)
• 08-basic-cte.php - Basic CTE usage
• 09-recursive-cte.php - Recursive CTEs for hierarchical data
• 10-materialized-cte.php - Materialized CTEs for performance
• 11-fulltext-search.php - Full-text search across all databases
• 12-set-operations.php - UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT operations

Working with JSON data across all databases.

• 01-json-basics.php - Creating and storing JSON
• 02-json-queries.php - Querying JSON data
• 03-json-modification.php - Modifying JSON data (jsonSet, jsonRemove, jsonReplace)

SQL helper functions for common operations.

• 01-string-helpers.php - String manipulation
• 02-math-helpers.php - Mathematical operations
• 03-date-helpers.php - Date and time functions
• 04-null-helpers.php - NULL handling
• 05-comparison-helpers.php - Comparison operations
• 06-conditional-helpers.php - Conditional expressions
• 07-boolean-helpers.php - Boolean operations
• 08-type-helpers.php - Type conversion

Data loading, batch processing, seeds, and export operations.

• 01-file-loading.php - Loading data from JSON files
• 02-batch-processing.php - Memory-efficient batch processing
• 03-export-helpers.php - Export to JSON, CSV, XML
• 04-seeds.php - Database seeds for populating data
• 05-seeds-cli.php - CLI commands for seed management

Performance optimization: caching, profiling, and EXPLAIN analysis.

• 01-caching.php - Query result caching
• 02-query-compilation-cache.php - Compiled SQL caching
• 03-query-profiling.php - Query performance profiling
• 04-explain-analysis.php - EXPLAIN query analysis

Architectural patterns: read/write splitting and sharding.

• 01-read-write-splitting.php - Master-replica architecture
• 02-basic-sharding.php - Basic sharding setup
• 03-sharding-strategies.php - Sharding strategies (range, hash, modulo)
• 04-sticky-writes.php - Read-after-write consistency
• 05-load-balancers.php - Load balancing strategies

Object-based database operations with relationships and scopes.

• 01-basics.php - ActiveRecord basics and CRUD
• 02-relationships.php - Relationships (hasOne, hasMany, belongsTo, hasManyThrough)
• 03-scopes.php - Global and local query scopes

Extending PdoDb: macros, plugins, and events.

• 01-macros.php - Query Builder macros
• 02-plugins.php - Plugin system
• 03-events.php - Event dispatcher (PSR-14)

Database schema management: DDL and migrations.

• 01-ddl.php - DDL Query Builder basics
• 02-advanced-ddl.php - Advanced DDL features (Yii2-style constraints, partial indexes, fulltext/spatial indexes)
• 02-migrations.php - Database migrations
• 03-table-cli.php - CLI table management
• 04-dump-restore.php - Database dump and restore
• 05-monitoring.php - Database monitoring
• 06-cache-management.php - Cache management CLI
• 07-repository-service-generation.php - Repository and service generation
• 08-dialect-specific-types.php - NEW! Dialect-specific schema types (MySQL ENUM/SET, PostgreSQL UUID/JSONB/arrays, MSSQL UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, SQLite type affinity)

Reliability features: exception handling and connection retry.

• 01-exception-handling.php - Typed exceptions and error diagnostics
• 02-connection-retry.php - Automatic retry with exponential backoff

Complete applications and patterns.

• 01-blog-system.php - Full blog with posts, comments, tags
• 02-user-auth.php - User authentication system
• 03-search-filters.php - Advanced search with filters
• 04-multi-tenant.php - Multi-tenant architecture

Various examples and demonstrations.

• 01-readme-examples.php - Examples from main README

Examples demonstrating how to use optional dependencies with PDOdb.

• 01-cache-factory.php - Using CacheFactory for cache adapters (Filesystem, APCu, Redis, Memcached)
• 02-cache-configuration.php - Cache configuration via environment variables and config files

See: Optional Dependencies README for installation and usage instructions.

• All examples are self-contained and runnable
• Each file includes inline comments explaining the code
• Database connections are cleaned up automatically
• Use SQLite (:memory:) for quick testing without setup

All examples use the QueryBuilder fluent API - no raw SQL except for table creation:

// ✅ Good - uses QueryBuilder
$users = $db->find()
    ->from('users')
    ->where('age', 18, '>')
    ->orderBy('name')
    ->get();

// ❌ Avoid - raw SQL (except for DDL)
$users = $db->rawQuery('SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 18 ORDER BY name');

Examples automatically adapt to your database:

• JSONB for PostgreSQL, TEXT for MySQL/SQLite
• SERIAL for PostgreSQL, AUTO_INCREMENT for MySQL, AUTOINCREMENT for SQLite
• Dialect-specific date/time, string concat, and type conversions

For detailed documentation on each topic, see:

• Complete Documentation - Full documentation with examples
• Getting Started - Installation and configuration
• Query Builder - Query building guide
• JSON Operations - JSON operations documentation
• Advanced Features - Transactions, caching, migrations, etc.
• Helper Functions - All helper functions reference
• API Reference - Complete API documentation
• Best Practices - Security, performance, and code organization

Each example category has corresponding documentation:

• Basic Examples → Query Builder Basics
• Intermediate Examples → Joins, Aggregations
• Advanced Examples → CTEs, Window Functions
• JSON Operations → JSON Basics
• ActiveRecord → ActiveRecord Guide
• Migrations → Database Migrations

If you encounter issues:

1. Check database credentials in config.<driver>.php
2. Ensure PDO extensions are installed:

   php -m | grep pdo_mysql
   php -m | grep pdo_pgsql
   php -m | grep pdo_sqlite
   php -m | grep oci

3. Verify database server is running
4. Set PDODB_DRIVER environment variable:

   PDODB_DRIVER=mysql php examples/01-basic/02-simple-crud.php

5. See main README.md for more help
6. See Troubleshooting Guide for common issues