Initial Checks

• I confirm that I'm using the newest release of my line (the latest 2.x, or the latest 1.x if I'm still on v1)
• I confirm that I searched for my issue in https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/issues before opening this issue

Release line

2.x

Description

mcp.server.mcpserver.utilities.types.Audio rejects an empty byte payload that Image accepts. Audio.__init__ checks if not bool(path) ^ bool(data), so data=b"" is treated as missing and raises ValueError("Either path or data can be provided"). Image.__init__ checks path is None and data is None / path is not None and data is not None, so Image(data=b"") builds content with data="".

Empty bytes are a valid payload here: the schema's AudioContent.data is a base64 string with no minimum length, and base64.b64encode(b"") is "". Audio.to_audio_content() itself already uses self.data is not None. The truthiness check also produces the same misleading message when both path and data are passed.

Using the same two is None checks as Image would fix both. I'm happy to send that change with a test if you'd like an outside PR for it.

Example Code

from mcp.server.mcpserver.utilities.types import Audio, Image

print(Image(data=b"").to_image_content().data)  # ''
Audio(data=b"")  # ValueError: Either path or data can be provided

Python & MCP Python SDK

Python 3.13, Windows 11; main at 91941ed (src/mcp/server/mcpserver/utilities/types.py:66)