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Java version history

Contents
JDK 1.0
Java SE 5
    Java 6 updates
    Java 7 updates
Java SE 8 (LTS)
    Java 8 updates
Java SE 9
    History
    Java 9 updates
Java SE 10
    Java 10 updates
Java SE 11 (LTS)
    Java 11 updates
Java SE 12
    Java 12 updates
Java SE 13
    Java 13 updates
Java SE 14
    Java 14 updates
Java SE 15
    Java 16 updates
Java SE 17 (LTS)
    Java 17 updates
Java SE 18
    Java 19 updates
Java SE 20
    Java 20 updates
Java SE 21 (LTS)
Java SE 27
Future features
Implementations
    Most commonly used implementations in 2025
References
External links

The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as a number of additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901. In September 2017, Mark Reinhold, chief architect of the Java Platform, proposed to change the release train to "one feature release every six months" rather than the then-current two-year schedule. This proposal took effect for all following versions, and is still the current release schedule.

In addition to the language changes, other changes have been made to the Java Class Library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and a number of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated, and very few APIs have been removed (at least one, for threading, in Java 22). Some programs allow the conversion of Java programs from one version of the Java platform to an older one (for example Java 5.0 backported to 1.4) (see Java backporting tools).

Regarding Oracle's Java SE support roadmap, Java SE 25 (LTS) is the latest version as of September 2025 (and Java 26 a later released version) while versions 21, 17, 11 and 8 are the other still supported (long-term support − LTS) versions, where Oracle customers will receive Oracle Premier Support. Oracle continues to release no-cost public Java 8 updates for development and personal use indefinitely.

In the case of OpenJDK, both commercial long-term support and free software updates are available from multiple organizations in the broader community.

Java 27 was released on 15 September 2026 and Java 25 LTS was released on 16 September 2025.

N/a Unsupported: J2SE 1.247May 8, 2000March 2006—N/a Unsupported: J2SE 5.0 (1.5)50December 11, 2006April 2013 for Oracle
December 2018 for AzulDecember 2016 for Red Hat
October 2018 for Oracle
December 2027 for Azul
March 2028 for BellSoft Liberica Unsupported: Java SE 7 (1.7)52March 18, 2014April 2019 for Oracle
November 2026 for Red Hat
November 2026 for Azul
November 2026 for IBM Semeru Runtimes
December 2030 for Eclipse Temurin
December 2030 for Amazon Corretto
December 2030 for IBM Java SDK
December 2030 for Oracle
December 2030 for Azul
March 2031 for BellSoft Liberica Unsupported: Java SE 9 (1.9)54March 20, 2018September 2018—55September 25, 2018April 2019 for Oracle
September 2027 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK
October 2024 for Red Hat
October 2027 for Eclipse Temurin
October 2027 for IBM Semeru Runtimes
January 2032 for Amazon Corretto
January 2032 for Azul
January 2032 for Azul
March 2032 for BellSoft Liberica
October 2027 for Red Hat
January 2032 for Oracle Unsupported: Java SE 1257September 17, 2019March 2020—N/a Unsupported: Java SE 1560March 16, 2021September 2021—61September 14, 2021September 2024 for Oracle
September 2027 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK
October 2027 for Eclipse Temurin
October 2027 for Red Hat
October 2027 for IBM Semeru Runtimes
October 2029 for Amazon Corretto
September 2029 for Azul September 2029 for Oracle
March 2030 for BellSoft Liberica Unsupported: Java SE 1863September 20, 2022March 2023—N/a Supported: Java SE 2166March 19, 2024September 2024—N/a Unsupported: Java SE 24Supported: LTSN/a Latest version: Java SE 2772March 23, 2027September 2027—73September 21, 2027September 2032September 2035 for Oracle Future version: Java SE 30

JDK 1.0

edit
JDK 1.0
Released23 January 1996
(30 years ago) (1996-01-23)

The first version was released on January 23, 1996. The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1.

JDK 1.1
Released19 February 1997
(29 years ago) (1997-02-19)

Major additions in the release on February 19, 1997 included:

J2SE 1.2
CodenamePlayground
Released8 December 1998
(27 years ago) (1998-12-08)

The release on December 8, 1998 and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:

J2SE 1.3
CodenameKestrel
Released8 May 2000
(26 years ago) (2000-05-08)

The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were:

Java 1.3 is the last release of Java to officially support Microsoft Windows 95.

J2SE 1.4
CodenameMerlin
Released6 February 2002
(24 years ago) (2002-02-06)
Support ended
PublicOctober 2008 (2008-10)
PaidFebruary 2013 (2013-02)

The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included:

Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in February 2013.

Java SE 5

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Integer) (specified by JSR 201)
  • Enumerations: the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201)
  • Varargs: the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that type
  • Enhanced for each loop: the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any to be due to the major changes in Update 10.
  • Scripting Language Support (JSR 223): Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino integration.
  • Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform, and Swing.
  • Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224).
  • JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221).
  • Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically.
  • Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0: Including integration of a StAX parser.
  • Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269).
  • Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect).
  • JVM improvements include: synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrades to existing garbage collection algorithms, and application start-up performance.

    • Java 6 can be installed to Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) running on 64-bit (Core 2 Duo and higher) processor machines. Java 6 is also supported by both 32-bit and 64-bit machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard).

    Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all public updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped. Oracle released two more updates to Java 6 in March and April 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities.

    Java 6 updates

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    After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs.

    Table of Java 6 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 6 2006-12-23 This release adds multiple enhancements in the fields of Web services, scripting, databases, pluggable annotations, and security, as well as quality, compatibility, and stability. JConsole is now officially supported. Java DB support has been added.
    Java SE 6 Update 12007-10-03
    Java SE 6 Update 42008-04-16A workaround for the infamous Xlib/XCB locking assertion issue was introduced. A memory leak when using Kerberos authentication with LoginContext was fixed. Several other bugs were fixed.
    Java SE 6 Update 72008-10-15 HotSpot VM 11. Major changes for this update include:
    • Java Deployment Toolkit, a set of JavaScript functions to ease the deployment of applets and Java Web Start applications.
    • Java Kernel, a small installer including only the most commonly used JRE classes. Other packages are downloaded when needed.
    • Enhanced updater.
    • Enhanced versioning and pack200 support: server-side support is no longer required.
    • Java Quick Starter, to improve cold start-up time.
    • Improved performance of Java2D graphics primitives on Windows, using Direct3D and hardware acceleration.
    • A new Swing look and feel called Nimbus and based on synth.
    • Next-Generation Java Plug-In: applets now run in a separate process and support a number of features of Web Start applications.
    Java SE 6 Update 11 2008-12-12 No security fixes; 64-bit Java plug-in (for 64-bit web browsers only); Windows Server 2008 support; performance improvements of graphics and JavaFX applications
    Java SE 6 Update 13

    Some developers have noticed an issue introduced in this release which causes debuggers to miss breakpoints seemingly randomly. Sun has a corresponding bug, which is tracking the issue. The workaround applies to the Client and Server VMs. Using the -XX:+UseParallelGC option will prevent the failure. Another workaround is to roll back to update 13, or to upgrade to update 16.

    Java SE 6 Update 152009-11-04Security fixes; two new root certificates
    Java SE 6 Update 182010-04-152 security fixes
    Java SE 6 Update 212010-12-08No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages
    Java SE 6 Update 242011-06-0717 new security fixes; last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1
    Java SE 6 Update 272011-12-12No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
    Java SE 6 Update 312012-06-1214 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading
    Java SE 6 Update 342012-10-1630 security fixes
    Java SE 6 Update 382013-02-0150 security fixes
    Java SE 6 Update 412013-04-1642 security fixes; other changes; final public update.
    Java SE 6 Update 512013-06-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; up to 40 security fixes
    Java SE 6 Update 652013-10-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; at least 11 critical security fixes
    Java SE 6 Update 712014-01-14Not available for public download; 33 fixes
    Java SE 7
    CodenameDolphin
    Released28 July 2011
    (15 years ago)     (2011-07-28)
    Support ended
    PublicApril 2015 (2015-04)
    PaidJune 2022 (2022-06)

    Java 7 was a major update that launched on July 7, 2011 and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011. The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished. On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. The feature list at the OpenJDK 7 project lists many of the changes.

    Additions in Java 7 include:

    • JVM support for dynamic languages, with the new invokedynamic bytecode under JSR-292, following the prototyping work currently done on the Multi Language Virtual Machine
    • Compressed 64-bit pointers (available in Java 6 with -XX:+UseCompressedOops)
    • Project Coin language features:
    • Strings in switch
    • Automatic resource management in try-statement aka try-with-resources statement
    • Improved type inference for generic instance creation, aka the diamond operator <>
    • Simplified varargs method declaration
    • Binary integer literals
    • Allowing underscores in numeric literals
    • Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking
    • Concurrency utilities under JSR 166
    • New file I/O library (defined by JSR 203) adding support for multiple file systems, file metadata and symbolic links. The new packages are java.nio.file, java.nio.file.attribute and java.nio.file.spi
    • Timsort is used to sort collections and arrays of objects instead of merge sort
    • Library-level support for elliptic curve cryptography algorithms
    • An XRender pipeline for Java 2D, which improves handling of features specific to modern GPUs
    • New platform APIs for the graphics features originally implemented in version 6u10 as unsupported APIs
    • Enhanced library-level support for new network protocols, including SCTP and Sockets Direct Protocol
    • Upstream updates to XML and Unicode
    • Java deployment rule sets

    Lambda (Java's implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8 (except for Jigsaw, which was released in Java 9).

    Java 7 was the default version to download on java.com from April 2012 until Java 8 was released.

    Java 7 updates

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    Oracle issued public updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis until April 2015 when the product reached the end of its public availability. Further updates for JDK 7, which continued until July 2022, are only made available to customers with a support contract.

    Table of Java 7 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 72011-07-28Initial release; HotSpot VM 21
    Java SE 7 Update 12012-02-1414 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 42012-08-14JavaFX and Java Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support for Linux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM
    Java SE 7 Update 72012-12-11New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 112013-02-0150 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 15 2013-04-16Multiple changes including 42 security fixes, a new Server JRE that does not include the plug-in, and the JDK for Linux on ARM
    Java SE 7 Update 25 2013-10-1551 security fixes; protections against unauthorized redistribution of Java applications; restore security prompts; JAXP changes; TimeZone.setDefault change
    Java SE 7 Update 51 2014-05-28Java Mission Control 5.3, 130 bug fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 65 2014-08-041 bug fix
    Java SE 7 Update 71 2014-10-14Same release date with Update 71 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7, 36 bug fixes SSLv3 disabled by default
    Java SE 7 Update 76 2015-04-1421 security fixes, 6 bug fixes,
    Java SE 7 Update 85 2015-07-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 25 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 91 2015-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 95 2016-01-19 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 97 2016-02-05 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix
    Java SE 7 Update 99 2016-03-23 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix
    Java SE 7 Update 101 2016-04-18 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 111 2016-07-19 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 121 2016-10-18 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 131 2017-01-17 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 34 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 141 2017-04-18 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 151 2017-07-18 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 161 2017-10-20 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 171 2018-01-16 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 51 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 181 2018-04-17 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 191 2018-07-17 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 9 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 201 2018-10-18 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 211 2019-01-15 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 221 2019-04-16 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 231 2019-07-16 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 6 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 241 2019-10-15 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 251 2020-01-14 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 261 2020-04-14 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 271 2020-07-14 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 281 2020-10-20 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 291 2021-01-19 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 301 2021-04-12 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 311 2021-07-20 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 24 bug fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 321 2021-10-19 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 16 bug fixes
    Java SE 7 Update 331 2022-01-18 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 bug fixes

    Java SE 8 (LTS)

    edit
    # of JEPs    		8

    Java 8 was released on 18 March 2014, and included some features that were planned for Java 7 but later deferred.

    Work on features was organized in terms of JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs).

    Java 8 is not supported on Windows XP but as of JDK 8 update 25, it can still be installed and run under Windows XP. Previous updates of JDK 8 could be run under XP by downloading archived zip format file and unzipping it for the executable. The last version of Java 8 that could run on XP is update 251.

    From October 2014, Java 8 was the default version to download (and then again the download replacing Java 9) from the official website. "Oracle will continue to provide Public Updates and auto updates of Java SE 8, Indefinitely for Personal Users".

    Java 8 updates

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    Table of Java 8 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 8 2014-03-18 Initial release
    Java SE 8 Update 5 2014-04-15 Using "*" in Caller-Allowable-Codebase attribute; 11 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 11 2014-07-15 Java Dependency Analysis Tool (jdeps); Java Control Panel option to disable sponsors; JAR file attribute – Entry-Point; JAXP processing limit property – maxElementDepth; 18 security bug fixes, 15 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 20 2014-08-19 669 bug fixes, JMC 5.4, String deduplication (disabled by default)
    Java SE 8 Update 25 2014-10-14 10 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 31 2015-01-19 26 bug fixes; SSLv3 (disabled by default)
    Java SE 8 Update 40 2015-03-03 645 bug fixes, Added the notion of "memory pressure" to help indicate how much of system's memory is still available (low pressure = high memory, high pressure = low memory)
    Java SE 8 Update 45 2015-04-14 13 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 51 2015-07-14 Added support for native sandbox on Windows platforms (disabled by default); also, 25 security fixes, 14 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 60 2015-08-18 480 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 65 2015-10-20 25 security fixes, 3 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 66 2015-11-16 15 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 71 2016-01-19 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 72 2016-01-19 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes, several enhancements
    Java SE 8 Update 73 2016-02-03 1 security fix
    Java SE 8 Update 74 2016-02-03 1 security fix
    Java SE 8 Update 77 2016-03-23 1 security fix
    Java SE 8 Update 91 2016-04-19 9 security fixes, 4 bug fixes and enhancements
    Java SE 8 Update 92 2016-04-19 Security and bug fixes from 8u91, plus 76 additional bug fixes; the ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError flags have been introduced
    Java SE 8 Update 101 2016-07-19 Security and bug fixes from 8u92, plus 9 additional bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 102 2016-07-19 Security and bug fixes from 8u101, plus 118 additional bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 111 2016-10-18 7 Security fixes and 9 bug fixes
    Java SE 8 Update 112 2016-10-18 Additional features and 139 bug fixes over 8u111
    Java SE 8 Update 121 2017-01-17 3 additional features, 5 changes, and 11 bug fixes over 8u112.
    Java SE 8 Update 131 2017-04-18 4 changes and 42 bug fixes (2 notable).
    Java SE 8 Update 141 2017-07-18 Additional feature, 3 changes and 12 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 144 2017-07-26 32 Security fixes and bug fixes from 8u141.
    Java SE 8 Update 151 2017-10-17 22 Security fixes, 2 notes, 1 certificate revocation, 1 new feature, 6 changes and 24 bug fixes from 8u144.
    Java SE 8 Update 152 2017-10-17 Security fixes, 1 new feature, 1 change and 238 bug fixes from 8u151 (1 notable).
    Java SE 8 Update 161 2018-01-16 21 Security fixes, 3 new features, 9 changes and 1 bug fix from 8u152.
    Java SE 8 Update 162 2018-01-16 Security fixes, 63 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 171 2018-04-17 Security fixes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 172 2018-04-17 Security fixes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 181 2018-07-17 Security fixes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 191 2018-10-16 New features, changes, bug fixes, security fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 192 2018-10-16 New features, changes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 201 2019-01-15 New features, changes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 202 2019-01-15 New features, changes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 211 2019-04-16 New features, changes, bug fixes. License Update.
    Java SE 8 Update 212 2019-04-16 New features (e.g. 5 currency symbols, including for Bitcoin and "New Japanese Era Name Reiwa"), changes, bug fixes. License Update.
    Java SE 8 Update 221 2019-07-16 New features, changes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 231 2019-10-15 New features, changes, bug fixes and 18 security fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 241 2020-01-14 New features, changes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 251 2020-04-14 New features, changes, bug fixes. The last version that was shown to be working on Windows XP unofficially.
    Java SE 8 Update 261 2020-07-14 New features, changes, 133 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 271 2020-10-20 New features, changes, 65 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 281 2021-01-19 New features, changes, 33 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 291 2021-04-20 New features, changes, 28 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 301 2021-07-20 New features, changes, 90 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 311 2021-10-19 New features, changes, 52 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 321 2022-01-18 New features, changes, 62 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 331 2022-04-19 New features, changes, 37 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 333 2022-05-02 Patch w/1 change and 2 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 341 2022-07-19 New features, changes, 42 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 351 2022-10-18 New features, changes, 95 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 361 2023-01-17 New features, changes, bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 371 2023-04-18
    Java SE 8 Update 381 2023-07-18 Security Patches
    Java SE 8 Update 391 2023-10-17
    Java SE 8 Update 401 2024-01-16
    Java SE 8 Update 411 2024-04-16 Update time zone data to IANA TZ Data 2024a, new features, changes, updates to third-party libraries, 37 bug fixes.
    Java SE 8 Update 421 2024-07-16
    Java SE 8 Update 431 2024-10-15
    Java SE 8 Update 441 2025-01-21
    Java SE 8 Update 451 2025-04-15
    Java SE 8 Update 461 2025-07-15
    Java SE 8 Update 471 2025-10-21
    Java SE 8 Update 481 2026-01-20
    Java SE 8 Update 491 2026-04-21
    Java SE 8 Update 501 2026-07-21
    Java SE 8 Update 503 2026-08-18
    Java SE 8 Update 511 2026-10-20

    Java SE 9

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    # of JEPs9Support endedPublicMarch 2018 (2018-03)

    Java SE 9 was made available on September 21, 2017 due to controversial acceptance of the current implementation of Project Jigsaw by Java Executive Committee which led Oracle to fix some open issues and concerns and to refine some critical technical questions. In the last days of June 2017, Java Community Process expressed nearly unanimous consensus on the proposed Module System scheme.

    The first Java 9 release candidate was released on August 9, 2017. The first stable release of Java 9 was on September 21, 2017.

    History

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    At JavaOne 2011, Oracle discussed features they hoped to release for Java 9 in 2016. Java 9 should include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code integration, a different default garbage collector (G1, for "shorter response times") and a self-tuning JVM. In early 2016, the release of Java 9 was rescheduled for March 2017 and later again postponed four more months to July 2017.

    Java 9 updates

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    Table of Java 9 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 9 2017-09-21 Initial release
    Java SE 9.0.1 2017-10-17 New features
    • Add Additional IDL Stub Type Checks to org.omg.CORBA.ORB::string_to_object Method (other-libs/corba)

    Known issues

    • TLS does not work by default on OpenJDK 9 (security-libs/java.security)

    Changes

    • Remove revoked Swisscom root certificate "swisscomrootevca2" (security-libs/java.security)
    • Refactor existing providers to refer to the same constants for default values for key length (security-libs/java.security)
    • Collections use serialization filter to limit array sizes (security-libs/java.security)
    • Add warnings to keytool when using JKS and JCEKS (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Default timeouts have changed for FTP URL handler (core-libs/java.net)

    Bug fixes

    • 12 bug fixes
    Java SE 9.0.4 2018-01-16 New features
    • Open source the root certificates in Oracle's Java SE Root CA program (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Added TLS session hash and extended master secret extension support (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral Parameters for TLS (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Add additional IDL stub type checks to org.omg.CORBA.ORBstring_to_object method (other-libs/corba)

    Changes

    • RSA public key validation (security-libs/javax.crypto)
    • Provider default key size is updated (security-libs/javax.crypto)
    • Stricter key generation (security-libs/javax.crypto)
    • Disable exportable cipher suites (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • JMX Connections need deserialization filters (core-svc/javax.management)
    • JDK Transform, Validation and XPath use the system-default parser (xml/jaxp)

    Bug fixes

    • JNLP files won't launch from IE11 on Windows 10 Creators Update (deploy/webstart)
    • 11 bug fixes

    Java SE 10

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    # of JEPs12Support endedPublicSeptember 2018 (2018-09)

    OpenJDK 10 was released on March 20, 2018, with twelve new features confirmed. Among these features were:

    The first of these JEP 286 Local-Variable Type Inference, allows the var keyword to be used for local variables with the actual type calculated by the compiler. Due to this change, developers can do the following instead of manually specifying the variable's type:

    (); // infers ArrayList<String>\nvar stream = list.stream(); // infers Stream<String>\n"}}'>varlist=newArrayList<String>();// infers ArrayList<String> varstream=list.stream();// infers Stream<String>

    Java 10 updates

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    Table of Java 10 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 10 2018-03-20 Initial release
    Java SE 10.0.1 2018-04-17 New features
    • Enhanced KeyStore Mechanisms (security-libs/javax.crypto)

    Changes

    • XML Signatures Signed with EC Keys Less Than 224 Bits Disabled (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
    • 3DES Cipher Suites Disabled (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Other notes

    • CipherOutputStream Usage (security-libs/javax.crypto)

    Bug fixes

    • 5 bug fixes
    Java SE 10.0.2 2018-07-17 Changes
    • filterArguments runs multiple filters in the wrong order (core-libs/java.lang.invoke)
    • Improve LDAP support (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Better stack walking (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

    Bug fixes

    • JVM Crash during G1 GC (hotspot/gc)
    • 7 bug fixes

    Java SE 11 (LTS)

    edit
    # of JEPs17Removal(s)NotableJava applets, Java Web Start, JavaFX, JavaEE, and CORBA modules

    JDK 11 was released on September 25, 2018 and the version is currently open for bug fixes. It offers LTS, or Long-Term Support. Among others, Java 11 includes a number of new features, such as:

    A number of features from previous releases were dropped; in particular, Java applets and Java Web Start are no longer available. JavaFX, Java EE and CORBA modules have been removed from JDK.

    Java 11 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 11 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 11 2018-09-25 Initial release
    Java SE 11.0.1 2018-10-16 Changes
    • Added Additional TeliaSonera Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Improve LDAP support (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Changed Central File System Location for usagetracker.properties File (core-svc)
    • Problem looking up Client Certificates in keystore (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Disabled All DES TLS Cipher Suites (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Improved Cipher Inputs (security-libs/javax.crypto)

    Bug fixes

    • LDAPS Communication Failure (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Better HTTP Redirection Support (core-libs/java.net)
    • 5 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.2 2019-01-15 Known issues
    • GTK+ 3.20 and Later Unsupported by Swing (client-libs)

    Changes

    • TLS anon and NULL Cipher Suites are Disabled (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Linux Native Code Checks (hotspot/runtime)
    • Enable Java Access Bridge Check Box Option in Control Panel Is Not Available with JDK 11 Installer (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Bug fixes

    • 59 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.3 2019-04-16 New features
    • Square Character Support for Japanese New Era (core-libs/java.util:i18n)

    Known issues

    • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)

    Changes

    • Added GlobalSign R6 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Distrust TLS Server Certificates Anchored by Symantec Root CAs (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • New Japanese Era Name Reiwa (core-libs/java.time)
    • Support New Japanese Era in java.time.chrono.JapaneseEra (core-libs/java.time)

    Bug fixes

    • 17 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.4 2019-07-16 New features
    • HotSpot Windows OS Detection Correctly Identifies Windows Server 2019 (hotspot/runtime)

    Removed features and options

    • Removal of Two DocuSign Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removal of Two Comodo Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removal of T-Systems Deutsche Telekom Root CA 2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removal of GTE CyberTrust Global Root (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.ignoreLineBreaks System Property (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
    • System Property to Switch Between Implementations of ECC (security-libs/javax.crypto)

    Bug fixes

    • 42 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.5 2019-10-15 New features
    • New Java Flight Recorder (JFR) Security Events (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Using the JDK or JRE on macOS Catalina (10.15) (docs)
    • Remove Obsolete NIST EC Curves from the Default TLS Algorithms (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Use SunJCE Mac in SecretKeyFactory PBKDF2 Implementation (security-libs/javax.crypto)
    • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)
    • Updated XML Signature Implementation to Apache Santuario 2.1.3 (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
    • System Property jdk.security.useLegacyECC is Turned Off by Default (security-libs/javax.crypto)
    • Changed Properties.loadFromXML to Comply with Specification (core-libs/java.util)
    • Runtime.exec and ProcessBuilder Argument Restrictions (core-libs/java.lang)
    • Windows 2019 Core Server Is Not Supported (client-libs/2d)

    Bug fixes

    • 83 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.6 2020-01-14 New features
    • Allow SASL Mechanisms to Be Restricted (security-libs/javax.security)
    • SunPKCS11 Provider Upgraded with Support for PKCS#11 v2.40 (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)

    Other notes

    • Improve Registry Support (core-libs/java.rmi)
    • New Checks on Trust Anchor Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Exact Match Required for Trusted TLS Server Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added LuxTrust Global Root 2 Certificate (install/security-libs/java.security)
    • Added 4 Amazon Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Turn off AOT by Default and Change Related Flags to Experimental (hotspot/compiler)
    • Epsilon GC handled checked array stores incorrectly (hotspot/gc)

    Bug fixes

    • Memory Growth Issue in SunPKCS11 Fixed (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)
    • Better Serial Filter Handling (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
    • 123 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.7 2020-04-14 New features
    • Support for MS Cryptography Next Generation (CNG) (security-libs/javax.crypto)

    Bug fixes

    • 140 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.8 2020-07-14 New features
    • New System Properties to Configure the TLS Signature Schemes (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Apache Santuario Library Updated to Version 2.1.4 (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
    • Toolchain Upgrade to Xcode 10.1 (infrastructure)
    • Oracle JDK Installer for Windows Provides Executables (javac, etc) in a Path Reachable From Any Command Prompt (install/install)

    Removed features and options

    • Removal of Comodo Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removal of DocuSign Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Improved Serialization Handling (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Better Listing of Arrays (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Default SSLEngine Should Create in Server Role (security-libs/javax.net.sslc)
    • OperatingSystemMXBean Methods Inside a Container Return Container Specific Data (core-svc/java.lang.management)
    • Default SSL Session Cache Size Updated to 20480 (security-libs)
    • Deprecated NSWindowStyleMaskTexturedBackground (client-libs/javax.swing)

    Bug fixes

    • 167 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.9 2020-10-20 New features
    • Weak Named Curves in TLS, CertPath, and Signed JAR Disabled by Default (security-libs/java.security)
    • Support for Kerberos Cross-Realm Referrals (RFC 6806) (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)
    • Improve Certificate Chain Handling (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Tools Warn If Weak Algorithms Are Used (security-libs/java.security)
    • Support for canonicalize in krb5.conf (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)

    Other notes

    • Added Property to Control LDAP Authentication Mechanisms Allowed to Authenticate Over Clear Connections (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Added 3 SSL Corporation Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Entrust Root Certification Authority – G4 certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Localized Time Zone Name Inconsistency Between English and Other Locales (core-libs/java.util:i18n)
    • Enhanced Support of Proxy Class (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

    Bug fixes

    • 118 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.10 2021-01-19 New features
    • -groupname Option Added to keytool Key Pair Generation (security-libs/java.security)
    • Support for certificate_authorities Extension (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • POSIX_SPAWN Option on Linux (core-libs/java.lang)
    • Support for X25519 and X448 in TLS (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • jarsigner Preserves POSIX File Permission and symlink Attributes (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Oracle JDK11u for Solaris Now Requires harfbuzz to be Installed (client-libs/2d)
    • JDK time-zone data upgraded to tzdata2020d (core-libs/java.time)
    • JDK time-zone data upgraded to tzdata2020c (core-libs/java.time)
    • US/Pacific-New Zone Name Removed as Part of tzdata2020b (core-libs/java.time)

    Bug fixes

    • 118 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.11 2021-04-20 New features
    • jdeps --print-module-deps Reports Transitive Dependences (tools)

    Other notes

    • New System and Security Properties to Control Reconstruction of Remote Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI RMI and LDAP Implementations (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Added 2 HARICA Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Disable TLS 1.0 and 1.1 (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Modified the MS950 charset Encoder's Conversion Table (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)
    • Less Ambiguous Processing of ProcessBuilder Quotes on Windows > (core-libs/java.lang)

    Bug fixes

    • 88 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.12 2021-07-20 New features
    • Support cross-realm MSSFU (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)
    • Customizing PKCS12 keystore Generation (security-libs/java.security)

    Removed features and options

    • Removed Root Certificates with 1024-bit Keys (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removed Telia Company's Sonera Class2 CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Updated List of Capabilities Provided by JDK RPMs (install/install)
    • ADDLOCAL=ToolsFeature,SourceFeature Argument No Longer Needed For Windows JDK Installer (install/install)
    • Upgraded the Default PKCS12 Encryption and MAC Algorithms (security-libs/java.security)
    • Disable SHA-1 JARs (security-libs/java.security)
    • Improve Encoding of TLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) Values (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • URL FTP Protocol Handler: IPv4 Address Validation in Passive Mode (core-libs/java.net)

    Bug fixes

    • 106 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.13 2021-10-19 New features
    • Context-specific Deserialization Filters (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

    Removed features and options

    • Removed IdenTrust Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Remove the Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler in OracleJDK 11u (hotspot/compiler)

    Other notes

    • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows 11 (core-libs/java.lang)
    • Change to Package Names in Linux RPM/DEB Installers (install)
    • Updated the Default Enabled Cipher Suites Preference (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • System Property to Control Reconstruction of Reference Address Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI LDAP Implementation (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows Server 2022 (hotspot/runtime)
    • Updated keytool to Create AKID From SKID of Issuing Certificate as Specified by RFC 5280 (security-libs/java.security)
    • SunPKCS11 Initialization With NSS When External FIPS Modules Are in Security Modules Database (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)

    Bug fixes

    • 93 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.14 2022-01-18 New features
    • New SunPKCS11 Configuration Properties (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)
    • Configurable Extensions With System Properties (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Removed features and options

    • Removed Google's GlobalSign Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Zip File System Provider Throws ZipException When Entry Name Element Contains "." or ".." (core-libs/java.nio)
    • Update Timezone Data to 2021c (core-libs/java.time)
    • LDAP Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • SocketExceptions Are Not Wrapped Into SSLExceptions in SSLSocketImpl (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • OperatingSystemMXBean.getProcessCpuLoad Is Now Container Aware (hotspot/runtime)

    Bug fixes

    • 71 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.15 2022-04-19 New features
    • SunPKCS11 Provider Supports ChaCha20-Poly1305 Cipher and ChaCha20 KeyGenerator if Supported by PKCS11 Library (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)
    • ChaCha20 and Poly1305 TLS Cipher Suites (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • New XML Processing Limits (xml/jaxp)

    Other notes

    • Only Expose Certificates With Proper Trust Settings as Trusted Certificate Entries in macOS KeychainStore (security-libs/java.security)
    • Parsing of URL Strings in Built-in JNDI Providers Is More Strict (core-libs/javax.naming)

    Bug fixes

    • 81 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.16 2022-07-19 New features
    • HTTPS Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/java.net)

    Other notes

    • Update java.net.InetAddress to Detect Ambiguous IPv4 Address Literals (core-libs/java.net)
    • JDK Bundle Extensions Truncated When Downloading Using Firefox 102 (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
    • Vector Should Throw ClassNotFoundException for a Missing Class of an Element (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
    • Default JDK Compressor Will Be Closed when IOException Is Encountered (core-libs/java.util.jar)

    Bug fixes

    • 74 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.16.1 2022-08-18 Changes
    • C2 Compilation Errors Unpredictably Crashes JVM (hotspot/compiler)
    Java SE 11.0.17 2022-10-18 New features
    • Upgrade the Default PKCS12 MAC Algorithm (security-libs/java.security)
    • JDK Flight Recorder Event for Deserialization (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

    Other notes

    • Disabled SHA-1 Signed JARs (security-libs/java.security)
    • Deprecate 3DES and RC4 in Kerberos (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)
    • Make HttpURLConnection Default Keep Alive Timeout Configurable (core-libs/java.net)
    • CPU Shares Ignored When Computing Active Processor Count (hotspot/runtime)
    • Update Timezone Data to 2022c (core-libs/java.time)
    • New System Property to Limit the Number of Open Connections to com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer (core-libs/java.net)

    Bug fixes

    • 118 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.18 2023-01-17 New features
    • DTLS Resumption Uses HelloVerifyRequest Messages (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Support for RSASSA-PSS in OCSP Response (security-libs/java.security)

    Known issues

    • Installation of Oracle Linux Specific x64 JDK RPMs Pulls in i686 Dependencies (install/install)

    Other notes

    • FXML JavaScript Engine Disabled by Default (javafx/fxml)
    • Translated resource bundles for German (globalization)
    • RPM JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
    • Disable Side-by-Side Installations of Multiple JDK Updates in Windows JDK Installers (install/install)
    • All JDK Update Releases Are Installed Into the Same Directory on macOS (install/install)
    • Incorrect Handling of Quoted Arguments in ProcessBuilder (core-libs/java.lang)
    • New Implementation Note for LoginModule on Removing Null from a Principals or Credentials set (security-libs/javax.security)
    • Toolchain Upgrade to Visual Studio 2022 (infrastructure)
    • Change in SSLEngine.closeInbound() Behavior (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Bug fixes

    • 58 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.19 2023-04-18 New features
    • Added a Default Native GSS-API Library on Windows (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss)

    Other notes

    • System Property to Handle HTML ObjectView Creation (client-libs/javax.swing)
    • Added Certigna(Dhimyotis) Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removed SSLv2Hello and SSLv3 From Default Enabled TLS Protocols (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • File::listRoots Changed to Return All Available Drives on Windows (core-libs/java.io)
    • Crypto-J Exception for Diffie-Hellman and DSA AlgorithmParameters Requests (security-libs/java.security)

    Bug fixes

    • 55 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.20 2023-07-18 New features
    • Allow Additional Characters for GB18030-2022 Support (core-libs/java.lang)
    • Support for GB18030-2022 (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)
    • Update the Javadoc in the Character Class to State Support for GB 18030-2022 Implementation Level 2 (core-libs/java.lang)
    • Windows KeyStore Updated to Include Access to the Local Machine Location (security-libs/java.security)
    • New JFR Event: jdk.InitialSecurityProperty (security-libs/java.security)
    • New JFR Event: jdk.SecurityProviderService (security-libs/java.security)
    • JDK Now Accepts RSA Keys in PKCS#1 Format (security-libs/javax.crypto)

    Known issues

    • Problem Upgrading JDK on Windows if System User Is Using Shared Files (install)

    Other notes

    • System Property to Turn off JDK-8251329 Restrictions (core-libs/java.nio)
    • Missing /usr/java/default Symlink on Linux Restored (install/install)
    • Installation of JDK RPM Corrupts Alternatives (install/install)
    • Added TWCA Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added 4 GTS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Microsoft Corporation's 2 TLS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • System Property for Java SE Specification Maintenance Version (core-libs/java.lang)
    • GregorianCalender.computeTime() JVM Crash (hotspot/compiler)
    • ASLR Support for CDS Archive (hotspot/runtime)
    • Throw Error If Default java.security File Fails to Load (security-libs/java.security)
    • New System Property to Control the Maximum Size of Signature Files (security-libs/java.security)
    • Improved ZIP64 Extra Field Validation (core-libs/java.util.jar)

    Bug fixes

    • 43 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.21 2023-10-17 New features
    • -XshowSettings:locale Output Now Includes Tzdata Version (tools/launcher)

    Removed features and options

    • Removed SECOM Trust System's RootCA1 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Added Certigna Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Debian JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
    • Ignore Allow and Disallow Options for java.security.manager System Property (security-libs/java.security)
    • The Default TLS Diffie-Hellman Group Size Has Been Increased from 1024-bit to 2048-bit (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Use Server Cipher Suites Preference by Default (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Bug fixes

    • 29 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.22 2024-01-16 New features
    • New System Property to Toggle XML Signature Secure Validation Mode (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)

    Known issues

    • Potential Performance Regression Due to Limited Range Check Elimination (hotspot/compiler)

    Other notes

    • Add Process-Memory Information to hs-err and VM.info (hotspot/runtime)
    • Increase Default Value of the System Property jdk.jar.maxSignatureFileSize (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Four Root Certificates from DigiCert, Inc. (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Three Root Certificates from eMudhra Technologies Limited (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Telia Root CA v2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added ISRG Root X2 CA Certificate from Let's Encrypt (security-libs/java.security)
    • Call X509KeyManager.chooseClientAlias Once for All Key Types (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Add Process-Memory Information to hs-err and VM.info (hotspot/runtime)

    Bug fixes

    • 29 bug fixes
    Java SE 11.0.23 2024-04-16
    Java SE 11.0.24 2024-07-16
    Java SE 11.0.25 2024-10-15
    Java SE 11.0.26 2025-01-21
    Java SE 11.0.27 2025-04-15
    Java SE 11.0.28 2025-07-15
    Java SE 11.0.29 2025-10-21

    Java SE 12

    edit
    # of JEPs8Addition(s)Preview(s)Enhanced switch statementsSupport endedPublicSeptember 2019 (2019-09)

    JDK 12 was released on March 19, 2019. Among others, Java 12 includes a number of new features, such as:

    The preview feature JEP 325 extends the switch statement so it can also be used as an expression, and adds a new form of case label where the right hand side is an expression. No break statement is needed. For complex expressions a yield statement can be used. This becomes standard in Java SE 14.

    31;\n case APR, JUN, SEP, NOV -> 30;\n case FEB -> {\n if (year % 400 == 0) yield 29;\n else if (year % 100 == 0) yield 28;\n else if (year % 4 == 0) yield 29;\n else yield 28; }\n};\n"}}'>intndays=switch(month){ caseJAN,MAR,MAY,JUL,AUG,OCT,DEC->31; caseAPR,JUN,SEP,NOV->30; caseFEB->{ if(year%400==0)yield29; elseif(year%100==0)yield28; elseif(year%4==0)yield29; elseyield28;} };

    Java 12 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 12 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 12 2019-03-19 Initial release
    Java SE 12.0.1 2019-04-16 Known issues
    • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)

    Changes

    • Added GlobalSign R6 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • New Japanese Era Name Reiwa (core-libs/java.time)

    Bug fixes

    • 3 bug fixes
    Java SE 12.0.2 2019-07-16 Removed features and options
    • Removal of Two DocuSign Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removal of Two Comodo Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removal of T-Systems Deutsche Telekom Root CA 2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)

    Java SE 13

    edit
    {{Cite web |title=Azul Support Roadmap |url=https://www.azul.com/products/azul-support-roadmap/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Azul {{!}} Better Java Performance, Superior Java Support |language=en-US}}</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}'>Stringhtml=""" <html lang="en"> <body> <p>Hello, world</p> </body> </html> """;

    Java 13 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 13 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 13 2019-09-17 Initial release
    Java SE 13.0.1 2019-10-15 Other notes
    • Using the JDK or JRE on macOS Catalina (10.15) (docs)
    • Remove Obsolete NIST EC Curves from the Default TLS Algorithms (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Text Visibility Issues in macOS Dark Mode (client-libs)
    • Runtime.exec and ProcessBuilder Argument Restrictions (core-libs/java.lang)
    Java SE 13.0.2 2020-01-14 Other notes
    • New Checks on Trust Anchor Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Exact Match Required for Trusted TLS Server Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added LuxTrust Global Root 2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added 4 Amazon Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Improve Registry Support (core-libs/java.rmi)

    Bug fixes

    • Better Serial Filter Handling (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
    • 29 bug fixes

    Java SE 14

    edit
    # of JEPs16Addition(s)NotableHelpful NullPointerExceptions, enhanced switch statementsPreview(s)Pattern matching for instanceof, records, text blocksIncubatingjpackager, Foreign memory accessRemoval(s)NotableRemove Concurrent Mark Sweep garbage collectorSupport endedPublicSeptember 2020 (2020-09)

    JDK 14 was released on March 17, 2020. Java 14 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".

    JEP 305, Pattern Matching for instanceof simplifies the common case of an instanceof test being immediately followed by cast, replacing

    record Point(intx,inty){} Pointp=newPoint(3,4); System.out.println(p.x());

    Java 14 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 14 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 14 2020-03-17 Initial release
    Java SE 14.0.1 2020-04-14 Bug fixes
    • 2 bug fixes
    Java SE 14.0.2 2020-07-14 Removed features and options
    • Removal of Comodo Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Removal of DocuSign Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Better Listing of Arrays (core-libs/java.util:collections)
    • Default SSLEngine Should Create in Server Role (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Improved Serialization Handling (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

    Bug fixes

    • 8 bug fixes

    Java SE 15

    edit
    "}},"i":0}}]}'>
    Java SE 16
    Released16 March 2021
    (5 years ago)     (2021-03-16)
    Number</span>"}]]}'># of JEPs17
    Addition(s)
    NotableWindows/AArch64 Port, jpackager, pattern matching for instanceof, records
    Preview(s)Sealed classes
    IncubatingForeign linker, Foreign-memory access
    Support ended
    PublicSeptember 2021 (2021-09)

    JDK 16 was released on March 16, 2021. Java 16 removes Ahead-of-Time compilation (and Graal JIT) options. The Java implementation itself was and is still written in C++, while as of Java 16, more recent C++14 (but still not e.g. C++17 or C++20) is allowed. The code was also moved to GitHub, dropping Mercurial as the source control system.

    Java 16 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 16 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 16 2021-03-16 Initial release
    Java SE 16.0.1 2021-04-20 Other notes
    • New System and Security Properties to Control Reconstruction of Remote Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI RMI and LDAP Implementations (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Added 2 HARICA Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Less Ambiguous Processing of ProcessBuilder Quotes on Windows (core-libs/java.lang)

    Bug fixes

    • 30 bug fixes
    Java SE 16.0.2 2021-07-20 Removed features and options
    • Removed Telia Company's Sonera Class2 CA certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Updated List of Capabilities Provided by JDK RPMs (install/install)
    • Change to Package Names in Linux RPM/DEB Installers (install/install)
    • URL FTP Protocol Handler: IPv4 Address Validation in Passive Mode (core-libs/java.net)
    • SocketExceptions Are Not Wrapped Into SSLExceptions in SSLSocketImpl (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Disable SHA-1 JARs (security-libs/java.security)

    Bug fixes

    • 25 bug fixes

    Java SE 17 (LTS)

    edit
    [[strictfp]]</code> keyword made obsolete (JEP 306)"},"previews":{"wt":"[[Switch statement|Switch]] [[pattern matching]]"},"incubating":{"wt":"Vector API, Foreign function & memory API"}},"i":0}}]}'>Objecto=...; returnswitch(o){ casenull->"Null"; caseStrings->"String %s".formatted(s); caseLongl->"long %d".formatted(l); caseDoubled->"double %f".formatted(d); caseIntegeri&&i>0// refining patterns ->"positive int %d".formatted(i); caseIntegeri&&i==0 ->"zero int %d".formatted(i); caseIntegeri&&i<0 ->"negative int %d".formatted(i); default->o.toString(); };

    Java 17 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 17 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 17 2021-09-14 Initial release
    Java SE 17.0.1 2021-10-19 Removed features and options
    • Removed IdenTrust Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows 11 (core-libs/java.lang)
    • System Property to Control Reconstruction of Reference Address Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI LDAP Implementation (core-libs/javax.naming)
    • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows Server 2022 (hotspot/runtime)
    • OperatingSystemMXBean.getProcessCpuLoad Is Now Container Aware (hotspot/runtime)

    Bug fixes

    • 21 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.2 2022-01-18 Removed features and options
    • Removed Google's GlobalSign Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Extended Delay Before JDK Executable Installer Starts From Network Drive (install/install)
    • file.encoding System Property Has an Incorrect Value on Windows (core-libs/java.io)
    • Zip File System Provider Throws ZipException When Entry Name Element Contains "." or ".." (core-libs/java.nio)
    • Update Timezone Data to 2021c (core-libs/java.time)
    • ZGC: Fixed long Process Non-Strong References times (hotspot/gc)

    Bug fixes

    • 164 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.3 2022-04-19 New features
    • New XML Processing Limits (xml/jaxp)

    Other notes

    • Only Expose Certificates With Proper Trust Settings as Trusted Certificate Entries in macOS KeychainStore (security-libs/java.security)
    • Parsing of URL Strings in Built-in JNDI Providers Is More Strict (core-libs/javax.naming)

    Bug fixes

    • 48 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.3.1 2022-05-02 Changes
    • New System Property to Disable Windows Alternate Data Stream Support in java.io.File (core-libs/java.io)

    Bug fixes

    • 2 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.4 2022-07-19 New features
    • HTTPS Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/java.net)

    Other notes

    • Update java.net.InetAddress to Detect Ambiguous IPv4 Address Literals (core-libs/java.net)
    • Default JDK Compressor Will Be Closed when IOException Is Encountered (core-libs/java.util.jar)
    • CPU Shares Ignored When Computing Active Processor Count (hotspot/runtime)

    Bug fixes

    • 60 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.4.1 2022-08-18 Changes
    • C2 Compilation Errors Unpredictably Crashes JVM (hotspot/compiler)
    Java SE 17.0.5 2022-10-18 New features
    • HTTPS Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/java.net)

    Other notes

    • Update java.net.InetAddress to Detect Ambiguous IPv4 Address Literals (core-libs/java.net)
    • Default JDK Compressor Will Be Closed when IOException Is Encountered (core-libs/java.util.jar)
    • CPU Shares Ignored When Computing Active Processor Count (hotspot/runtime)

    Bug fixes

    • 77 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.6 2023-01-17 New features
    • DTLS Resumption Uses HelloVerifyRequest Messages (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
    • Support for RSASSA-PSS in OCSP Response (security-libs/java.security)

    Known issues

    • Installation of Oracle Linux Specific x64 JDK RPMs Pulls in i686 Dependencies (install/install)

    Other notes

    • FXML JavaScript Engine Disabled by Default (javafx/fxml)
    • Translated resource bundles for German (globalization)
    • RPM JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
    • Disable Side-by-Side Installations of Multiple JDK Updates in Windows JDK Installers (install/install)
    • All JDK Update Releases Are Installed Into the Same Directory on macOS (install/install)
    • Incorrect Handling of Quoted Arguments in ProcessBuilder (core-libs/java.lang)
    • New Implementation Note for LoginModule on Removing Null from a Principals or Credentials set (security-libs/javax.security)
    • Toolchain Upgrade to Visual Studio 2022 (infrastructure)
    • Change in SSLEngine.closeInbound() Behavior (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Bug fixes

    • 52 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.7 2023-04-18 New features
    • New JFR Event: jdk.InitialSecurityProperty (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • System Property to Handle HTML ObjectView Creation (client-libs/javax.swing)
    • Added Certigna(Dhimyotis) CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • File::listRoots Changed to Return All Available Drives on Windows (core-libs/java.io)
    • Throw Error If Default java.security File Fails to Load (security-libs/java.security)
    • Crypto-J Exception for Diffie-Hellman and DSA AlgorithmParameters Requests (security-libs/java.security)

    Bug fixes

    • 69 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.8 2023-07-18 New features
    • Support for GB18030-2022 (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)
    • Windows KeyStore Updated to Include Access to the Local Machine Location (security-libs/java.security)
    • New JFR Event: jdk.SecurityProviderService (security-libs/java.security)

    Known issues

    • Problem Upgrading JDK on Windows if System User Is Using Shared Files (install)

    Other notes

    • System Property to Turn off JDK-8251329 Restrictions (core-libs/java.nio)
    • Debian JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
    • Missing /usr/java/default Symlink on Linux Restored (install/install)
    • Installation of JDK RPM Corrupts Alternatives (install/install)
    • Added TWCA Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added 4 GTS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Microsoft Corporation's 2 TLS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • GregorianCalender.computeTime() JVM Crash (hotspot/compiler)
    • ASLR Support for CDS Archive (hotspot/runtime)
    • New System Property to Control the Maximum Size of Signature Files (security-libs/java.security)
    • Improved ZIP64 Extra Field Validation (core-libs/java.util.jar)

    Bug fixes

    • 56 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.9 2023-10-17 New features
    • -XshowSettings:locale Output Now Includes Tzdata Version (tools/launcher)

    Removed features and options

    • Removed SECOM Trust System's RootCA1 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

    Other notes

    • Added Certigna Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • The Default TLS Diffie-Hellman Group Size Has Been Increased from 1024-bit to 2048-bit (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Bug fixes

    • 56 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.10 2024-01-16 New features
    • New System Property to Toggle XML Signature Secure Validation Mode (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)

    Known issues

    • Potential Performance Regression Due to Limited Range Check Elimination (hotspot/compiler)

    Other notes

    • Increase Default Value of the System Property jdk.jar.maxSignatureFileSize (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Four Root Certificates from DigiCert, Inc. (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Three Root Certificates from eMudhra Technologies Limited (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Telia Root CA v2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added ISRG Root X2 CA Certificate from Let's Encrypt (security-libs/java.security)
    • Call X509KeyManager.chooseClientAlias Once for All Key Types (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Bug fixes

    • 46 bug fixes
    Java SE 17.0.11 2024-04-16
    Java SE 17.0.12 2024-07-16
    Java SE 17.0.13 2024-10-15
    Java SE 17.0.14 2025-01-21
    Java SE 17.0.15 2025-04-15
    Java SE 17.0.16 2025-07-15
    Java SE 17.0.17 2025-10-21

    Java SE 18

    edit
    # of JEPs9Addition(s)Notable
    • UTF by default
    • Javadoc code snippets
    Preview(s)Switch pattern matchingIncubating
    Java SE 19
    Released20 September 2022
    (4 years ago)     (2022-09-20)
    Number</span>"}]]}'># of JEPs7
    Addition(s)
    Preview(s)record Rectangle(intx,inty,intw,inth){} intarea(Objecto){ if(oinstanceofRectangle(intx,inty,intw,inth)){ returnw*h; } return0; }

    Such patterns can include nested patterns, where the components of records are themselves records, allowing patterns to match more object graphs.

    Java 19 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 19 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 19 2022-09-20 Initial release
    Java SE 19.0.1 2022-10-18 Other notes
    • Update Timezone Data to 2022c (core-libs/java.time)
    • New System Property to Limit the Number of Open Connections to com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer (core-libs/java.net)

    Bug fixes

    • 6 bug fixes
    Java SE 19.0.2 2023-01-17 New features
    • DTLS Resumption Uses HelloVerifyRequest Messages (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

    Other notes

    • FXML JavaScript Engine Disabled by Default (javafx/fxml)

    Bug fixes

    • 28 bug fixes

    Java SE 20

    edit
    # of JEPs    		7
    Addition(s)
    IncubatingScoped values
    Support ended
    PublicSeptember 2023 (2023-09)

    Java 20 was released on 21 March 2023. All JEPs were either incubators or previews.

    Java 20 updates

    edit
    Table of Java 20 updates
    Release Release date Highlights
    Java SE 20 2023-03-21 Initial release
    Java SE 20.0.1 2023-04-18 Other notes
    • System Property to Handle HTML ObjectView Creation (client-libs/javax.swing)
    • Added Certigna(Dhimyotis) CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • File::listRoots Changed to Return All Available Drives on Windows (core-libs/java.io)

    Bug fixes

    • 5 bug fixes
    Java SE 20.0.2 2023-07-18 New features
    • Support for GB18030-2022 (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)

    Known issues

    • Problem Upgrading JDK on Windows if System User Is Using Shared Files (install)

    Other notes

    • Missing /usr/java/default Symlink on Linux Restored (install/install)
    • Installation of JDK RPM Corrupts Alternatives (install/install)
    • Added TWCA Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added 4 GTS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • Added Microsoft Corporation's 2 TLS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
    • ASLR Support for CDS Archive (hotspot/runtime)
    • New System Property to Control the Maximum Size of Signature Files (security-libs/java.security)
    • Improved ZIP64 Extra Field Validation (core-libs/java.util.jar)

    Bug fixes

    • 33 bug fixes

    Java SE 21 (LTS)

    edit
    # of JEPs15Addition(s)NotableRecord patterns, pattern matching for switch, virtual threadsPreview(s)String templates, unnamed classes and main methodsIncubatingVector API

    Java 21 was released on 19 September 2023. The 32-bit version of Java for Windows on x86 was deprecated for removal with this release. The following JEPs were added, including eight JEPs that graduated from the incubating and preview stages, compared to Java 20 which only had previewing and incubating JEPs. Java 21 introduces features first previewed in Java 17 (pattern matching for switch statements) and Java 19 (record patterns). All JEPs added with Java 21 include the following:

    1. JEP 430: String Templates (Preview)
    2. JEP 431: Sequenced Collections
    3. JEP 439: Generational ZGC
    4. JEP 440: Record Patterns
    5. JEP 441: Pattern Matching for switch
    6. JEP 442: Foreign Function & Memory API (Third Preview)
    7. JEP 443: Unnamed Patterns and Variables (Preview)
    8. JEP 444: Virtual Threads
    9. JEP 445: Unnamed Classes and Instance Main Methods (Preview)
    10. JEP 446: Scoped Values (Preview)
    11. JEP 448: Vector API (Sixth Incubator)
    12. JEP 449: Deprecate the Windows 32-bit x86 Port for Removal
    13. JEP 451: Prepare to Disallow the Dynamic Loading of Agents
    14. JEP 452: Key Encapsulation Mechanism API
    15. JEP 453: Structured Concurrency (Preview)

    JEP 445, previewing unnamed classes, allows for a barebones Main class without boilerplate code:

    # of JEPs12Addition(s)NotableForeign function and memory API, unnamed variables and patternsPreview(s)Structured concurrency, string templatesIncubatingVector APISupport endedPublicSeptember 2024 (2024-09)

    Java 22 was released on 19 March 2024. The following features, or JEPs, were added with this release:

    1. JEP 423: Region Pinning for G1
    2. JEP 447: Statements before super(...) (Preview)
    3. JEP 454: Foreign Function & Memory API
    4. JEP 456: Unnamed Variables & Patterns
    5. JEP 457: Class-File API (Preview)
    6. JEP 458: Launch Multi-File Source-Code Programs
    7. JEP 459: String Templates (Second Preview)
    8. JEP 460: Vector API (Seventh Incubator)
    9. JEP 461: Stream Gatherers (Preview)
    10. JEP 462: Structured Concurrency (Second Preview)
    11. JEP 463: Implicitly Declared Classes and Instance Main Methods (Second Preview)
    12. JEP 464: Scoped Values (Second Preview)

    An API related to Java's threading implementation, java.lang.Thread.countStackFrames, was removed.

    Java SE 23
    Released17 September 2024
    (2 years ago)     (2024-09-17)
    Number</span>"}]]}'># of JEPs12
    Addition(s)
    NotableMarkdown documentation comments
    Preview(s)Primitive types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch, Class-File API, Stream Gatherers, Module import declarations, Implicitly declared classes and instance main methods, structured concurrency, scoped values, flexible constructor bodies
    IncubatingVector API

    Java 23 was released on 17 September 2024, with the following JEPs:

    1. JEP 455: Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch (Preview)
    2. JEP 466: Class-File API (Second Preview)
    3. JEP 467: Markdown Documentation Comments
    4. JEP 469: Vector API (Eighth Incubator)
    5. JEP 473: Stream Gatherers (Second Preview)
    6. JEP 471: Deprecate the Memory-Access Methods in sun.misc.Unsafe for Removal
    7. JEP 474: ZGC: Generational Mode by Default
    8. JEP 476: Module Import Declarations (Preview)
    9. JEP 477: Implicitly Declared Classes and Instance Main Methods (Third Preview)
    10. JEP 480: Structured Concurrency (Third Preview)
    11. JEP 481: Scoped Values (Third Preview)
    12. JEP 482: Flexible Constructor Bodies (Second Preview)

    The String Templates preview feature was removed in Java 23 due to issues with the design of the feature.

    Java SE 24
    Released18 March 2025
    (19 months ago)     (2025-03-18)
    Number</span>"}]]}'># of JEPs24

    The specification for Java 24 was finalized in December 2024, with 24 JEPs making it into the release and it was released on 18 March 2025.

    The following JEPs were targeted to this version of Java SE:

    1. JEP 404: Generational Shenandoah (Experimental)
    2. JEP 450: Compact Object Headers (Experimental) (formerly known as Project Lilliput)
    3. JEP 472: Prepare to Restrict the Use of JNI
    4. JEP 475: Late Barrier Expansion for G1
    5. JEP 478: Key Derivation Function API (Preview)
    6. JEP 479: Remove the Windows 32-bit x86 Port
    7. JEP 483: Ahead-of-Time Class Loading & Linking
    8. JEP 484: Class-File API
    9. JEP 485: Stream Gatherers
    10. JEP 486: Permanently Disable the Security Manager
    11. JEP 487: Scoped Values (Fourth Preview)
    12. JEP 488: Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch (Second Preview)
    13. JEP 489: Vector API (Ninth Incubator)
    14. JEP 490: ZGC: Remove the Non-Generational Mode
    15. JEP 491: Synchronize Virtual Threads without Pinning
    16. JEP 492: Flexible Constructor Bodies (Third Preview)
    17. JEP 493: Linking Run-Time Images without JMODs
    18. JEP 494: Module Import Declarations (Second Preview)
    19. JEP 495: Simple Source Files and Instance Main Methods (Fourth Preview)
    20. JEP 496: Quantum-Resistant Module-Lattice-Based Key Encapsulation Mechanism
    21. JEP 497: Quantum-Resistant Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm
    22. JEP 498: Warn upon Use of Memory-Access Methods in sun.misc.Unsafe
    23. JEP 499: Structured Concurrency (Fourth Preview)
    24. JEP 501: Deprecate the 32-bit x86 Port for Removal

    Java SE 24 is the last release of Java to officially support the 32-bit x86 edition of Microsoft Windows 10.

    Java SE 25
    LTS version
    Released16 September 2025
    (13 months ago)     (2025-09-16)
    Number</span>"}]]}'># of JEPs18
    Addition(s)
    Notable
      • 32-bit x86 Port

    The specification for Java 25 was finalized in July 2025, with 18 JEPs making it into the release. Java 25 was released on September 16, 2025.

    1. JEP 470: PEM Encodings of Cryptographic Objects (Preview)
    2. JEP 502: Stable Values (Preview)
    3. JEP 503: Remove the 32-bit x86 Port
    4. JEP 505: Structured Concurrency (Fifth Preview)
    5. JEP 506: Scoped Values
    6. JEP 507: Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch (Third Preview)
    7. JEP 508: Vector API (Tenth Incubator)
    8. JEP 509: JFR CPU-Time Profiling (Experimental)
    9. JEP 510: Key Derivation Function API
    10. JEP 511: Module Import Declarations
    11. JEP 512: Compact Source Files and Instance Main Methods
    12. JEP 513: Flexible Constructor Bodies
    13. JEP 514: Ahead-of-Time Command-Line Ergonomics
    14. JEP 515: Ahead-of-Time Method Profiling
    15. JEP 518: JFR Cooperative Sampling
    16. JEP 519: Compact Object Headers
    17. JEP 520: JFR Method Timing & Tracing
    18. JEP 521: Generational Shenandoah
    Java SE 26
    Released17 March 2026
    (7 months ago)     (2026-03-17)
    Number</span>"}]]}'># of JEPs10
    Removal(s)
    NotableApplet API

    The specification for Java 26 was finalized in December 2025, with 10 JEPs making it into the release. Java 26 was released on March 17, 2026.

    The following JEPs were targeted to this release of Java SE:

    1. JEP 500: Prepare to Make Final Mean Final
    2. JEP 504: Remove the Applet API
    3. JEP 516: Ahead-of-Time Object Caching with Any GC
    4. JEP 517: HTTP/3 for the HTTP Client API
    5. JEP 522: G1 GC: Improve Throughput by Reducing Synchronization
    6. JEP 524: PEM Encodings of Cryptographic Objects (Second Preview)
    7. JEP 525: Structured Concurrency (Sixth Preview)
    8. JEP 526: Lazy Constants (Second Preview)
    9. JEP 529: Vector API (Eleventh Incubator)
    10. JEP 530: Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch (Fourth Preview)

    Java 26 removes support for creating Java applets with the Applet API, after having been deprecated since the release of Java 17 in September 2021.

    Java SE 27

    edit
    # of JEPs9Addition(s)NotablePost-Quantum Hybrid Key ExchangePreview(s)Lazy Constants, Primitive Types in Patterns, Structured Concurrency, PEM Encodings of Cryptographic ObjectsIncubatingVector APIRemoval(s)NotableLegacy TLS key exchange, Legacy object headers

    The specification for Java 27 was finalized in August 2026, with 9 JEPs making it into the release. It was released on September 15, 2026.

    The following JEPs were targeted to this release of Java SE:

    1. JEP 523: Make G1 the Default Garbage Collector in All Environments
    2. JEP 527: Post-Quantum Hybrid Key Exchange for TLS 1.3
    3. JEP 531: Lazy Constants (Third Preview)
    4. JEP 532: Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch (Fifth Preview)
    5. JEP 533: Structured Concurrency (Seventh Preview)
    6. JEP 534: Compact Object Headers by Default
    7. JEP 536: JFR In-Process Data Redaction
    8. JEP 537: Vector API (Twelfth Incubator)
    9. JEP 538: PEM Encodings of Cryptographic Objects (Third Preview)

    Java 27 removes several outdated key exchange algorithms from default security providers. It also removes legacy object header formats when running on supported platforms. It deprecates non-compact object headers, non-hybrid TLS key exchange algorithms, and old APIs related to PEM parsing.

    Future features

    edit
    • Project Valhalla: Value classes, whose objects lack identity, but can in certain cases get an improved memory layout (with less indirection), or have their allocation optimized away entirely.
    • Project Panama:
      • Improved interoperability with native code, to enable Java source code to call functions and use data types from other languages, in a way that is easier and has better performance than today (this part of Project Panama is getting stabilized in Java 22 under JEP 454: Foreign Function & Memory API).
      • Vector API, a portable and relatively low-level abstraction layer for SIMD programming. Its stabilization is dependent on Project Valhalla.
    • Project Lilliput: Reduce the size of Java object headers. First down to 64 bits, and then down to 32 bits.
    • Reducing startup time and warm-up time (time to peak performance) in JIT mode:
      • Project CRaC enables making snapshots of whole JVM (together with the running application) and restoring it with necessary adjustments (reopening files, sockets, etc).
      • Project Leyden, among other things, will allow partial or (in the long term) full AOT compiling, reducing overall dynamism (by adopting so called "closed-world constraints") to reduce dynamic compiling overhead.
    • Project Babylon aims to extend the Java language's reach to alternative programming models with an enhancement to its reflective programming abilities, called code reflection (i.e., reflection over code itself). The stated main goal is to run Java code on GPUs, with SQL and other programming models as secondary targets.

    Implementations

    edit

    The officially supported Java platform, first developed at Sun and now stewarded by Oracle, is Java SE. Releases are based on the OpenJDK project, a free and open-source project with an open development model. Other Java implementations exist, however—in part due to Java's early history as proprietary software. In contrast, some implementations were created to offer some benefits over the standard implementation, often the result of some area of academic or corporate-sponsored research. A number of Linux distributions include builds of OpenJDK through the IcedTea project started by Red Hat, which provides a more straightforward build and integration environment.

    Visual J++ and the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine were created as incompatible implementations. After the Sun v. Microsoft lawsuit, Microsoft abandoned it and began work on the .NET platform. In 2021, Microsoft started distributing compatible "Microsoft Build of OpenJDK" for Java 11 first then also for Java 17. Their builds support not only Windows, but also Linux and macOS.

    Other proprietary Java implementations are available, such as Azul's Zing. Azul offers certified open source OpenJDK builds under the Zulu moniker.

    Prior to the release of OpenJDK, while Sun's implementation was still proprietary, the GNU Classpath project was created to provide a free and open-source implementation of the Java platform. Since the release of JDK 7, when OpenJDK became the official reference implementation, the original motivation for the GNU Classpath project almost completely disappeared, and its last release was in 2012.

    The Apache Harmony project was started shortly before the release of OpenJDK. After Sun's initial source code release, the Harmony project continued, working to provide an implementation under a lax license, in contrast to the protective license chosen for OpenJDK. Google later developed Android and released it under a lax license. Android incorporated parts of the Harmony project, supplemented with Google's own Dalvik virtual machine and ART. Apache Harmony has since been retired, and Google has switched its Harmony components with equivalent ones from OpenJDK.

    Both Jikes and Jikes RVM are open-source research projects that IBM developed.

    Several other implementations exist that started as proprietary software, but are now open source. IBM initially developed OpenJ9 as the proprietary J9, but has since relicensed the project and donated it to the Eclipse Foundation. JRockit is a proprietary implementation that was acquired by Oracle and incorporated into subsequent OpenJDK versions.

    Most commonly used implementations in 2025

    edit

    Amazon developed Corretto, a no-cost, multiplatform, production-ready distribution of OpenJDK with long-term support that includes performance enhancements and security fixes. Corretto is certified as compatible with the Java SE standard and is used internally at Amazon for a number of production services.

    The Eclipse Temurin project, formerly known as AdoptOpenJDK, provides prebuilt OpenJDK binaries from a fully open source build farm. The project transitioned to the Eclipse Foundation in 2021 as part of the Adoptium Working Group, which ensures high-quality, vendor-neutral Java runtime distributions.

    BellSoft Liberica JDK is another OpenJDK-based implementation that provides builds for a wide range of platforms, including support for embedded systems and older architectures. It offers both standard and "Full" versions that include additional components like JavaFX.

    SAP Machine is SAP's downstream distribution of OpenJDK, optimized for SAP applications and deployments. It provides both short-term and long-term support releases aligned with OpenJDK's release schedule.

    Alibaba Dragonwell is a downstream version of OpenJDK with some in-house optimizations. It includes enhancements in startup performance, footprint, and throughput.

    GraalVM represents a significant departure from traditional Java implementations. Developed by Oracle Labs, it provides a polyglot virtual machine supporting multiple languages beyond Java, including JavaScript, Python, Ruby, and R. GraalVM includes an advanced just-in-time compiler written in Java and supports ahead-of-time compilation for creating native executables, substantially reducing startup time and memory footprint.

    The Red Hat build of OpenJDK is Red Hat's supported distribution of OpenJDK for Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Windows, providing long-term support and regular updates as part of Red Hat's subscription offerings.

    The Semeru Runtime, based on the Eclipse OpenJ9 JVM and OpenJDK class libraries, is IBM's no-cost Java runtime optimized for cloud deployments. It offers improved startup time, smaller memory footprint, and better throughput compared to HotSpot-based implementations.

    References

    edit
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