Numeric character reference

A numeric character reference (NCR) is a common markup construct used in SGML and SGML-derived markup languages such as HTML and XML. It consists of a short sequence of characters that, in turn, represents a single character. Since WebSgml, XML and HTML 4, the code points of the Universal Character Set (UCS) of Unicode are used. NCRs are typically used in order to represent characters that are not directly encodable in a particular document (for example, because they are international characters that do not fit in the 8-bit character set being used, or because they have special syntactic meaning in the language). When the document is interpreted by a markup-aware reader, each NCR is treated as if it were the character it represents.

3A316 = 93110) Unicode character Numerical base Numerical reference in markup Effect U+03A3DecimalΣΣ U+03A3DecimalΣΣ U+03A3HexadecimalΣΣ U+03A3HexadecimalΣΣ U+03A3HexadecimalΣΣ

In SGML, HTML, and XML, the following are all valid numeric character references for the Latin capital letter AE

Numerical character reference of LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE

Unicode character	Numerical base	Numerical reference in markup	Effect
U+00C6	Decimal	Æ	Æ
U+00C6	Hexadecimal	Æ	Æ

In SGML, HTML, and XML, the following are all valid numeric character references for the Latin small letter sharp s

Numerical character reference of LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S

Unicode character	Numerical base	Numerical reference in markup	Effect
U+00DF	Decimal	ß	ß
U+00DF	Hexadecimal	ß	ß

List of numeric character references for the printable ASCII characters:

Unicode character	Character Reference (decimal)	Character Reference (hexadecimal)	Effect
U+0020	 	 	(space)
U+0021	!	!	!
U+0022	"	"	"
U+0023	#	#	#
U+0024	$	$	$
U+0025	%	%	%
U+0026	&	&	&
U+0027	'	'	'
U+0028	(	(	(
U+0029	)	)	)
U+002A	*	*	*
U+002B	+	+	+
U+002C	,	,	,
U+002D	-	-	-
U+002E	.	.	.
U+002F	/	/	/
U+0030	0	0	0
U+0031	1	1	1
U+0032	2	2	2
U+0033	3	3	3
U+0034	4	4	4
U+0035	5	5	5
U+0036	6	6	6
U+0037	7	7	7
U+0038	8	8	8
U+0039	9	9	9
U+003A	:	:	:
U+003B	&#59;	&#x3B;	;
U+003C	&#60;	&#x3C;	<
U+003D	&#61;	&#x3D;	=
U+003E	&#62;	&#x3E;	>
U+003F	&#63;	&#x3F;	?
U+0040	&#64;	&#x40;	@
U+0041	&#65;	&#x41;	A
U+0042	&#66;	&#x42;	B
U+0043	&#67;	&#x43;	C
U+0044	&#68;	&#x44;	D
U+0045	&#69;	&#x45;	E
U+0046	&#70;	&#x46;	F
U+0047	&#71;	&#x47;	G
U+0048	&#72;	&#x48;	H
U+0049	&#73;	&#x49;	I
U+004A	&#74;	&#x4A;	J
U+004B	&#75;	&#x4B;	K
U+004C	&#76;	&#x4C;	L
U+004D	&#77;	&#x4D;	M
U+004E	&#78;	&#x4E;	N
U+004F	&#79;	&#x4F;	O
U+0050	&#80;	&#x50;	P
U+0051	&#81;	&#x51;	Q
U+0052	&#82;	&#x52;	R
U+0053	&#83;	&#x53;	S
U+0054	&#84;	&#x54;	T
U+0055	&#85;	&#x55;	U
U+0056	&#86;	&#x56;	V
U+0057	&#87;	&#x57;	W
U+0058	&#88;	&#x58;	X
U+0059	&#89;	&#x59;	Y
U+005A	&#90;	&#x5A;	Z
U+005B	&#91;	&#x5B;	[
U+005C	&#92;	&#x5C;	\
U+005D	&#93;	&#x5D;	]
U+005E	&#94;	&#x5E;	^
U+005F	&#95;	&#x5F;	_
U+0060	&#96;	&#x60;	'
U+0061	&#97;	&#x61;	a
U+0062	&#98;	&#x62;	b
U+0063	&#99;	&#x63;	c
U+0064	&#100;	&#x64;	d
U+0065	&#101;	&#x65;	e
U+0066	&#102;	&#x66;	f
U+0067	&#103;	&#x67;	g
U+0068	&#104;	&#x68;	h
U+0069	&#105;	&#x69;	i
U+006A	&#106;	&#x6A;	j
U+006B	&#107;	&#x6B;	k
U+006C	&#108;	&#x6C;	l
U+006D	&#109;	&#x6D;	m
U+006E	&#110;	&#x6E;	n
U+006F	&#111;	&#x6F;	o
U+0070	&#112;	&#x70;	p
U+0071	&#113;	&#x71;	q
U+0072	&#114;	&#x72;	r
U+0073	&#115;	&#x73;	s
U+0074	&#116;	&#x74;	t
U+0075	&#117;	&#x75;	u
U+0076	&#118;	&#x76;	v
U+0077	&#119;	&#x77;	w
U+0078	&#120;	&#x78;	x
U+0079	&#121;	&#x79;	y
U+007A	&#122;	&#x7A;	z
U+007B	&#123;	&#x7B;	{
U+007C	&#124;	&#x7C;	↑ "HTML 5.2: 8. The HTML syntax". www.w3.org. ↑ View original on Wikipedia | Back | FazBrowse Home