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OpenGL

Contents
Alternative implementations
Vulkan
References
Further reading
External links

(formerly [[OpenGL Architecture Review Board|ARB]])"},"released":{"wt":"{{start date and age|1992|06|30}}"},"latest release version":{"wt":"{{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|P348|P548=Q2804309}}"},"latest release date":{"wt":"{{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}"},"replaced_by":{"wt":"[[Vulkan]]"},"genre":{"wt":"3D graphics [[Application programming interface|API]]"},"license":{"wt":"* [[open-source license|Open source]] license for use of the Sample Implementation (SI): This is a Free Software License B closely modeled on BSD, X, and Mozilla licenses.\n* Trademark license for new licensees who want to use the OpenGL trademark and logo and claim conformance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.khronos.org/legal/trademarks/ |title=Khronos Logos, Trademarks, and Guidelines |publisher=Khronos |access-date=June 18, 2026 }}</ref>"},"website":{"wt":"{{URL|https://www.opengl.org/|opengl.org}}"}},"i":0}}]}'>
OpenGL
Original authorSilicon Graphics
DevelopersKhronos Group
(formerly ARB)
ReleaseJune 30, 1992;34 years ago (1992-06-30)
SuccessorVulkan
Type3D graphics API
License
  • Open source license for use of the Sample Implementation (SI): This is a Free Software License B closely modeled on BSD, X, and Mozilla licenses.
  • Trademark license for new licensees who want to use the OpenGL trademark and logo and claim conformance.
Websiteopengl.org

OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.

ISBN 978-0-201-48359-8
A book about X11 interfacing and OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT).
The Blue Book
OpenGL Reference manual, 4th edition.

By the early 1990s, Silicon Graphics (SGI) was a leader in 3D graphics for workstations. Their IRIS GL API became the industry standard, as IRIS GL was considered easier to use,AZDO)

  • More information through statistics, overflow query and counters
  • Higher performance through no error handling contexts
  • Clamping of polygon offset function, solves a shadow rendering problem
  • SPIR-V shaders
  • Standardized, mandated anisotropic filtering with 16 samples
  • GLSL 4.60

    • Hardware support: AMD Radeon HD 7000 series and newer (FP64 shaders implemented by emulation on some TeraScale GPUs), Intel Skylake and newer, Nvidia GeForce 400 series and newer.

    Driver support:

    • Mesa 19.2 on Linux supports OpenGL 4.6 for Intel Broadwell and newer. Mesa 20.0 supports AMD Radeon GPUs, while support for Nvidia Kepler+ arrived later. Zink as Emulation Driver with 21.1 and software driver LLVMpipe also support with Mesa 21.0.
    • AMD Adrenalin 18.4.1 Graphics Driver on Windows 7 and 10 version 1803 (April 2018 update) for AMD Radeon HD 7700+, HD 8500+ and newer. Both 64-bit and 32-bit are supported. Released April 2018.
    • Intel 26.20.100.6861 graphics driver on Windows 10, 64-bit only. Released May 2019.
    • NVIDIA GeForce 387.92 graphics driver on Windows 7, 8, 8.1 and 10, both 64-bit and 32-bit are supported. Released October 2017.

    Alternative implementations

    edit

    Apple deprecated OpenGL in iOS 12 and macOS 10.14 Mojave in favor of Metal, but it is still available as of macOS 15 Sequoia (including on Apple silicon devices). The latest version supported for OpenGL is 4.1 from 2011. A proprietary library from Molten – authors of MoltenVK – called MoltenGL, can translate OpenGL calls to Metal.

    There are several projects that attempt to implement OpenGL on top of Vulkan. The Vulkan backend for Google's ANGLE achieved OpenGL ES 3.1 conformance in July 2020. The Mesa3D project also includes such a driver, called Zink.

    Microsoft's Windows 11 on Arm added support for OpenGL 3.3 via GLon12, an open source OpenGL implementation on top DirectX 12 via Mesa Gallium.

    Vulkan

    edit
    1. ↑ ARB and EXT are OpenGL extension identifiers. Each extension is associated with a short identifier based on the name of the company which developed it, e.g. NV for Nvidia. If multiple vendors agree to implement the same functionality using the same API, a shared extension may be released using the identifier EXT. In such cases, it could also happen that the Khronos Group's Architecture Review Board gives the extension their explicit approval, in which case the identifier ARB is used.
    2. ↑ optional, made core in OpenGL 4.3

    References

    edit
    {{cite web|url=https://registry.khronos.org/OpenGL/specs/gl/glspec11.pdf|title=The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification|version=1.1|date=March 4, 1997}}\n</ref>\n<ref name=\"glspec20\">{{cite web|url=https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/specs/gl/glspec20.pdf|title=The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification|version=2.0|date=October 22, 2004}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>\n<ref name=\"glspec21\">{{cite web|url=https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/specs/gl/glspec21.pdf|title=The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification|version=2.1|date=December 1, 2006}}</ref>\n<ref name=\"glspec30\">{{cite web|url=https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/specs/gl/glspec30.pdf|title=The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification|version=3.0|date=September 23, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>\n<ref name=\"glspec31\">{{cite web|url=https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/specs/gl/glspec31.pdf|title=The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification|version=3.1|date=May 28, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>\n<ref name=\"glspec32core\">{{cite web|url=https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/specs/gl/glspec32.core.pdf|title=The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification|version=3.2 (Core Profile)|date=December 7, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>\n<ref name=\"glspec40core\">{{cite web|url=https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/specs/gl/glspec40.core.pdf|title=The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification|version=4.0 (Core Profile)|date=March 11, 2010}}</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}'>"Khronos Logos, Trademarks, and Guidelines". Khronos. Retrieved June 18, 2026.
  • ↑ Peddie, Jon (July 2012). "Who's the Fairest of Them All?". Computer Graphics World. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  • ↑ "Khronos OpenGL Registry". Khronos Group. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  • ↑ "Khronos Releases OpenGL 4.6 with SPIR-V Support". The Khronos Group Inc. July 31, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  • ↑ "Khronos News Archives". Khronos Group. November 28, 2022.
  • ↑ "GL_NV_mesh_shader". GitHub.
  • ↑ "A list of GLUT alternatives, maintained by". Khronos Group. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  • ↑ "Preface: What is OpenGL?". OpenGLBook. Retrieved December 31, 2024.
  • ↑ "End of OpenGL++". Khronos Group.
  • ↑ "Members of Fahrenheit. 1998". Computergram International. No. 3341. 1998. Archived from the original on October 5, 2007.
  • ↑ "OpenGL ARB to Pass Control of OpenGL Specification to Khronos Group". AccessMyLibrary Archive.
  • ↑
  • ↑ eTeknix.com (July 29, 2016). "Doom OpenGL VS Vulkan Graphics Performance Analysis". eTeknix. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
  • ↑ Dawe, Liam (March 7, 2023). "Dota 2 removes OpenGL support, new hero Muerta now live, big update due in April". GamingOnLinux. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  • ↑ "AMD FidelityFX-SDK". github.com/GPUOpen-LibrariesAndSDKs/FidelityFX-SDK.
  • ↑ Mike Blumenkrantz (October 9, 2025). "Mesh Shaders In The Current Year". Super. Good. Code.
  • ↑ "The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification" (PDF). 1.1. March 4, 1997.
  • ↑ "The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification" (PDF). 2.1. December 1, 2006.
  • ↑ "The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification" (PDF). 3.1. May 28, 2009.
  • ↑ "Khronos Drives Evolution of Cross-Platform 3D Graphics with Release of OpenGL 4.1 Specification". July 26, 2010. "Khronos Releases OpenGL 4.3 Specification with Major Enhancements". August 6, 2012. Archived from the original on August 10, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  • ↑ "Khronos Releases OpenGL 4.4 Specification". July 22, 2013. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  • 1 2 Abi-Chahla, Fedy (September 16, 2008). "OpenGL 3 (3DLabs And The Evolution Of OpenGL)". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  • ↑ "OpenGL 3.0 Released, Developers Furious – Slashdot". Tech.slashdot.org. August 11, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  • ↑ "NVIDIA provides early OpenGL 3.0 driver now".
  • 1 2 3 4 "OpenGL 4.1 (Core Profile) - July 25, 2010" (PDF). Khronos.org.
  • ↑ "Intel Skylake-S CPUs and 100-series Chipsets Detailed in Apparent Leak". NDTV Gadgets. April 17, 2015.
  • 1 2 3 Kilgard, Mark (August 12, 2014). "OpenGL 4.5 Update for NVIDIA GPUs". Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  • ↑ Larabel, Michael (November 27, 2019). "AMD's RadeonSI Driver Finally Enables OpenGL 4.6". Phoronix.
  • ↑ "Intel Graphics Driver 25.20.100.6861 Released (OpenGL 4.6 + Vulkan 1.1.103) | Geeks3D". May 16, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
  • ↑ "Apple Developer Documentation". developer.apple.com.
  • ↑ The ANGLE Project Authors (October 14, 2020). "google/angle: A conformant OpenGL ES implementation for Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS and Android". GitHub. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  • ↑ "Introducing OpenCL and OpenGL on DirectX". Collabora | Open Source Consulting. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  • ↑ Bright, Peter (March 3, 2015). "Khronos unveils Vulkan: OpenGL built for modern systems". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  • ↑ "Khronos Publishes Its Slides About OpenGL-Next". Phoronix. Archived from the original on August 23, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.

    • Further reading

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    External links

    edit
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to OpenGL.
    Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: OpenGL Programming