Object.create()

const person = {
  isHuman: false,
  printIntroduction() {
    console.log(`My name is ${this.name}. Am I human? ${this.isHuman}`);
  },
};

const me = Object.create(person);

me.name = "Matthew"; // "name" is a property set on "me", but not on "person"
me.isHuman = true; // Inherited properties can be overwritten

me.printIntroduction();
// Expected output: "My name is Matthew. Am I human? true"

Object.create(proto)
Object.create(proto, propertiesObject)

// Shape - superclass
function Shape() {
  this.x = 0;
  this.y = 0;
}

// superclass method
Shape.prototype.move = function (x, y) {
  this.x += x;
  this.y += y;
  console.info("Shape moved.");
};

// Rectangle - subclass
function Rectangle() {
  Shape.call(this); // call super constructor.
}

// subclass extends superclass
Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype, {
  // If you don't set Rectangle.prototype.constructor to Rectangle,
  // it will take the prototype.constructor of Shape (parent).
  // To avoid that, we set the prototype.constructor to Rectangle (child).
  constructor: {
    value: Rectangle,
    enumerable: false,
    writable: true,
    configurable: true,
  },
});

const rect = new Rectangle();

console.log("Is rect an instance of Rectangle?", rect instanceof Rectangle); // true
console.log("Is rect an instance of Shape?", rect instanceof Shape); // true
rect.move(1, 1); // Logs 'Shape moved.'

o = {};
// Is equivalent to:
o = Object.create(Object.prototype);

o = Object.create(Object.prototype, {
  // foo is a regular data property
  foo: {
    writable: true,
    configurable: true,
    value: "hello",
  },
  // bar is an accessor property
  bar: {
    configurable: false,
    get() {
      return 10;
    },
    set(value) {
      console.log("Setting `o.bar` to", value);
    },
  },
});

// Create a new object whose prototype is a new, empty
// object and add a single property 'p', with value 42.
o = Object.create({}, { p: { value: 42 } });

o = Object.create(null);
// Is equivalent to:
o = { __proto__: null };

o.p = 24; // throws in strict mode
o.p; // 42

o.q = 12;
for (const prop in o) {
  console.log(prop);
}
// 'q'

delete o.p;
// false; throws in strict mode

o2 = Object.create(
  {},
  {
    p: {
      value: 42,
      writable: true,
      enumerable: true,
      configurable: true,
    },
  },
);
// This is not equivalent to:
// o2 = Object.create({ p: 42 })
// which will create an object with prototype { p: 42 }

function Constructor() {}
o = new Constructor();
// Is equivalent to:
o = Object.create(Constructor.prototype);