API

<div class="box"></div>
<button class="runButton"></button>

.box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  border: 1px solid black;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

const box = document.querySelector(".box");
const button = document.querySelector(".runButton");

/*
   CSS @keyframes 

  @keyframes colorChange {
    0% {
      background-color: grey;
    }
    100% {
      background-color: lime;
    }
  }
*/
const colorChangeFrames = { backgroundColor: ["grey", "lime"] };

function playAnimation() {
  box.animate(colorChangeFrames, 4000);
}

button.addEventListener("click", playAnimation);

<div class="box"></div>
<button class="runButton"></button>

.box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  border: 1px solid black;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

const box = document.querySelector(".box");
const button = document.querySelector(".runButton");
const colorChangeFrames = { backgroundColor: ["grey", "lime"] };

button.addEventListener("click", playAnimation);

function playAnimation() {
  button.setAttribute("disabled", true);
  const anim = box.animate(colorChangeFrames, 4000);

  anim.addEventListener("finish", (event) => {
    button.removeAttribute("disabled");
  });
}