Array.prototype.forEach()

const array1 = ["a", "b", "c"];

array1.forEach((element) => console.log(element));

// Expected output: "a"
// Expected output: "b"
// Expected output: "c"

forEach(callbackFn)
forEach(callbackFn, thisArg)

const ratings = [5, 4, 5];
let sum = 0;

const sumFunction = async (a, b) => a + b;

ratings.forEach(async (rating) => {
  sum = await sumFunction(sum, rating);
});

console.log(sum);
// 14
// 0

const arraySparse = [1, 3, /* empty */, 7];
let numCallbackRuns = 0;

arraySparse.forEach((element) => {
  console.log({ element });
  numCallbackRuns++;
});

console.log({ numCallbackRuns });

// { element: 1 }
// { element: 3 }
// { element: 7 }
// { numCallbackRuns: 3 }

const items = ["item1", "item2", "item3"];
const copyItems = [];

// before
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
  copyItems.push(items[i]);
}

// after
items.forEach((item) => {
  copyItems.push(item);
});

const logArrayElements = (element, index /*, array */) => {
  console.log(`a[${index}] = ${element}`);
};

//  2 
[2, 5, , 9].forEach(logArrayElements);
// logs:
// a[0] = 2
// a[1] = 5
// a[3] = 9

class Counter {
  constructor() {
    this.sum = 0;
    this.count = 0;
  }
  add(array) {
    //  this 
    array.forEach(function countEntry(entry) {
      this.sum += entry;
      ++this.count;
    }, this);
  }
}

const obj = new Counter();
obj.add([2, 5, 9]);
console.log(obj.count); // 3
console.log(obj.sum); // 16

const copy = (obj) => {
  const copy = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(obj));
  const propNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj);
  propNames.forEach((name) => {
    const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, name);
    Object.defineProperty(copy, name, desc);
  });
  return copy;
};

const obj1 = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const obj2 = copy(obj1); //  obj2  obj1 

const words = ["one", "two", "three", "four"];
words.forEach((word) => {
  console.log(word);
  if (word === "two") {
    words.shift(); //'one' 
  }
}); // one // two // four

console.log(words); // ['two', 'three', 'four']

const flatten = (arr) => {
  const result = [];
  arr.forEach((item) => {
    if (Array.isArray(item)) {
      result.push(...flatten(item));
    } else {
      result.push(item);
    }
  });
  return result;
};

// 
const nested = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, [6, 7], 8, 9]];
console.log(flatten(nested)); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

const arrayLike = {
  length: 3,
  0: 2,
  1: 3,
  2: 4,
};
Array.prototype.forEach.call(arrayLike, (x) => console.log(x));
// 2
// 3
// 4