Data location

Learn how the location of data stored in D1 is determined, including where the database runs and how you optimize that location based on your needs.

By default, D1 will automatically create your primary database instance in a location close to where you issued the request to create a database. In most cases this allows D1 to choose the optimal location for your database on your behalf.

Jurisdictions are used to create D1 databases that only run and store data within a region to help comply with data locality regulations such as the GDPR or FedRAMP .

Workers may still access the database constrained to a jurisdiction from anywhere in the world. The jurisdiction constraint only controls where the database itself runs and persists data. Consider using Regional Services to control the regions from which Cloudflare responds to requests.

1. In the Cloudflare dashboard, go to the D1 SQL Database page.

   Go to D1 SQL database ↗

2. Select Create Database.

3. Under Data location, select Specify jurisdiction and choose a jurisdiction from the list.

4. Select Create to create your database.

npx wrangler@latest d1 create db-with-jurisdiction --jurisdiction=eu

curl -X POST "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/<account_id>/d1/database" \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKENn" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     --data '{"name": "db-with-jurisdiction", "jurisdiction": "eu" }'

Location hint is an optional parameter you can provide to indicate your desired geographical location for your primary database instance.

You may want to explicitly provide a location hint in cases where the majority of your writes to a specific database come from a different location than where you are creating the database from. Location hints can be useful when:

• Working in a distributed team.
• Creating databases specific to users in specific locations.
• Using continuous deployment (CD) or Infrastructure as Code (IaC) systems to programmatically create your databases.

Provide a location hint when creating a D1 database when:

• Using wrangler d1 to create a database.
• Creating a database via the Cloudflare dashboard .

To provide a location hint when creating a new database, pass the --location flag with a valid location hint:

wrangler d1 create new-database --location=weur

To provide a location hint when creating a database via the dashboard:

1. In the Cloudflare dashboard, go to the D1 SQL Database page.

   Go to D1 SQL database ↗

2. Select Create database.

3. Provide a database name and an optional Location.

4. Select Create to create your database.

D1 supports the following location hints:

With read replication enabled, D1 creates and distributes read-only copies of the primary database instance around the world. This reduces the query latency for users located far away from the primary database instance.

When using D1 read replication, D1 automatically creates a read replica in every available region, including the region where the primary database instance is located.

If a jurisdiction is configured, read replicas are only created within the jurisdiction set on database creation.

Refer to D1 read replication for more information.