Data Types

The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized data types such as dates and times, fixed-type arrays, heap queues, double-ended queues, and enumerations.

Python also provides some built-in data types, in particular, dict, list, set and frozenset, and tuple. The str class is used to hold Unicode strings, and the bytes and bytearray classes are used to hold binary data.

The following modules are documented in this chapter:

• datetime Basic date and time types
  • Aware and naive objects
  • Constants
  • Available types
    • Common properties
    • Determining if an object is aware or naive
  • timedelta objects
    • Examples of usage: timedelta
  • date objects
    • Examples of usage: date
  • datetime objects
    • Examples of usage: datetime
  • time objects
    • Examples of usage: time
  • tzinfo objects
  • timezone objects
  • strftime() and strptime() behavior
    • strftime() and strptime() format codes
    • Technical detail
• zoneinfo IANA time zone support
  • Using ZoneInfo
  • Data sources
    • Configuring the data sources
      • Compile-time configuration
      • Environment configuration
      • Runtime configuration
  • The ZoneInfo class
    • String representations
    • Pickle serialization
  • Functions
  • Globals
  • Exceptions and warnings
• calendar General calendar-related functions
  • Command-line usage
• collections Container datatypes
  • ChainMap objects
    • ChainMap Examples and Recipes
  • Counter objects
  • deque objects
    • deque Recipes
  • defaultdict objects
    • defaultdict Examples
  • namedtuple() Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields
  • OrderedDict objects
    • OrderedDict Examples and Recipes
  • UserDict objects
  • UserList objects
  • UserString objects
• collections.abc Abstract Base Classes for Containers
  • Collections Abstract Base Classes
  • Collections Abstract Base Classes Detailed Descriptions
  • Examples and Recipes
• heapq Heap queue algorithm
  • Basic Examples
  • Other Applications
  • Priority Queue Implementation Notes
  • Theory
• bisect Array bisection algorithm
  • Performance Notes
  • Searching Sorted Lists
  • Examples
• array Efficient arrays of numeric values
• weakref Weak references
  • Weak Reference Objects
  • Example
  • Finalizer Objects
  • Comparing finalizers with __del__() methods
• types Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
  • Dynamic Type Creation
  • Standard Interpreter Types
  • Additional Utility Classes and Functions
  • Coroutine Utility Functions
• copy Shallow and deep copy operations
• pprint Data pretty printer
  • Functions
  • PrettyPrinter Objects
  • Example
• reprlib Alternate repr() implementation
  • Repr Objects
  • Subclassing Repr Objects
• enum Support for enumerations
  • Module contents
  • Data types
    • Supported __dunder__ names
    • Supported _sunder_ names
  • Utilities and decorators
  • Notes
• graphlib Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
  • Exceptions