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Topics Latest version git-commit last updated in 2.55.0

Changes in the git-commit manual

2.55.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2026-06-29
2.54.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2026-04-20
2.53.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2026-02-02
2.52.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2025-11-17
2.51.1 2.51.2 no changes
2.51.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2025-08-18
2.50.1 no changes
2.50.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2025-06-16
2.49.1 no changes
2.49.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2025-03-14
2.46.2 2.48.2 no changes
2.46.1 [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2024-09-13
2.45.1 2.46.0 no changes
2.45.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2024-04-29
2.43.2 2.44.4 no changes
2.43.1 [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2024-02-09
2.43.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2023-11-20
2.38.1 2.42.4 no changes
2.38.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2022-10-02
2.35.1 2.37.7 no changes
2.35.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2022-01-24
2.34.1 2.34.8 no changes
2.34.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2021-11-15
2.33.1 2.33.8 no changes
2.33.0 [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2021-08-16
2.32.1 2.32.7 no changes
2.32.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2021-06-06
2.31.1 2.31.8 no changes
2.31.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2021-03-15
2.30.1 2.30.9 no changes
2.30.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2020-12-27
2.27.1 2.29.3 no changes
2.27.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2020-06-01
2.25.2 2.26.3 no changes
2.25.1 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2020-02-17
2.25.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2020-01-13
2.24.1 2.24.4 no changes
2.24.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2019-11-04
2.23.1 2.23.4 no changes
2.23.0 [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2019-08-16
2.21.1 2.22.5 no changes
2.21.0 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2019-02-24
2.17.0 2.20.5 no changes
2.16.6 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2019-12-06
2.14.6 2.15.4 no changes
2.13.7 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2018-05-22
2.12.5 [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2017-09-22
2.11.4 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2017-09-22
2.10.5 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2017-09-22
2.9.5 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2017-07-30
2.8.6 no changes
2.7.6 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2017-07-30
2.6.7 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2017-05-05
2.5.6 no changes
2.4.12 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2017-05-05
2.3.10 no changes
2.2.3 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2015-09-04
2.1.4 no changes
2.0.5 [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [green-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [red-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] [grey-dot.png] 2014-12-17

Check your version of git by running

git --version

git-commit -

git commit [-a | --interactive | --patch] [-s] [-v] [-u[<>]] [--amend]
	   [--dry-run] <>]
	   [-F <> | -m <>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<>]
	   [--date=<>] [--cleanup=<>] [--[no-]status]
	   [-i | -o] [--pathspec-from-file=<> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
	   [(--trailer <>[(=|:)<>])…] [-S[<id->]]
	   [--] [<->…]

, , . HEAD, , , , ( - , .. , HEAD , git-checkout[1]).

, , :

git-add[1] ("add") , commit (: );
git-rm[1] , commit;
commit ( --interactive --patch); , , , ( Git);
-a commit "add" (.. , ) "rm" , , ;
--interactive --patch commit, , , ( , ), . . git-add[1], .

--dry-run , , ( ).

- , git reset.

-a
--all: , , , Git .
-p
--patch: , , . . git-add[1].
-U<n>
--unified=<n>: <> . diff.context 3, . (-U <> -p - ).
--inter-hunk-context=<n>: <n> , . diff.interHunkContext 0, .

-C <>
--reuse-message=<>: <> ( ) .
-c <>
--reedit-message=<>: -C, -c , .
--fixup=[(amend|reword):]<>: , <>, git rebase --autosquash. --fixup=<> "fixup!"-, <>, . --fixup=amend:<> , "amend!"-, <> "amend!"-. --fixup=reword:<> "amend!"-, <> , <>.

, --fixup=<>, ( ) , "fixup!", <>, git rebase --autosquash . -m - , , "fixup!"- <> git rebase --autosquash.

, --fixup=amend:<>, , "amend!". <> "amend!"- , . git rebase --autosquash "amend!"- <>, <> "amend!"-. "amend!"- , --allow-empty-message.

--fixup=reword:<> --fixup=amend:<> --only. "amend!"-, ( , ). git rebase --autosquash <>, <>, .

git rebase --autosquash, "fixup!", "amend!" <>. . git-rebase[1].
--squash=<>: git rebase --autosquash. "squash!". , (-m/-c/-C/-F). . git-rebase[1].
--reset-author: -C/-c/--amend -, . .
--short: , . . git-status[1]. --dry-run.
--branch: ( ) . . git-status[1].
--porcelain: , . . git-status[1]. --dry-run.
--long: . git-status[1]. --dry-run.
-z
--null: (short) (porcelain) git-status[1], NUL LF. , --porcelain. -z , core.quotePath (. git-config[1]).
-F <>
--file=<>: <>. "-" , .
--author=<>: . , : <author@example.com>. <> , - (.. git rev-list --all -i --author=<>); .
--date=<>: , .
-m <>
--message=<>: <> . -m , , .

-m -c, -C -F.
-t <>
--template=<>: , <>. commit.template'. , , . , , . , , , `-m -F.
-s
--signoff
--no-signoff: Signed-off-by . , . , , , , - , ( Linux Git . https://developercertificate.org). , , , .

--no-signoff --signoff, .

Git ( ) --signoff ; . commit.signoff gitfaq[7].

--trailer <>[(=|:)<>]

(<>,<>), . (, git commit --trailer "Signed-off-by: <committer@example.com>" --trailer "Helped-by: <committer@example.com>" Signed-off-by Helped-by ). , , , trailer.* (. git-interpret-trailers[1]).

-n

--verify

--no-verify

pre-commit commit-msg. . githooks[5].

--allow-empty

, , () , , . ; , c .

--allow-empty-message

, git-commit-tree[1]. --allow-empty, , c .

--cleanup=<>

, , . <> : strip, whitespace, verbatim, scissors default.

strip

, , , .

whitespace

, strip, # .

verbatim

scissors

, whitespace, , , , ( ), . # core.commentChar.

# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------

default

, , strip. whitespace.

commit.cleanup (c. git-config[1]).

-e

--edit

, <> -F <>, -m <> -C <>.

--no-edit

. , git commit --amend --no-edit .

--amend

, . ( -i -o ) , , -m, -F, -c .., ( ). , ( --reset-author ).

	$ git reset --soft HEAD^
	$ ...  -,      ...
	$ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD

, , . (. REBASE git-rebase[1].)

--no-post-rewrite

post-rewrite.

-i

--include

, , , . , , , .

-o

--only

, , , , . - , git commit ; . --amend, , , . --allow-empty, ; .

--pathspec-from-file=<>

<>, . <> -, . LF CR/LF. , core.quotePath (. git-config[1]). . --pathspec-file-nul --literal-pathspecs.

--pathspec-file-nul

--pathspec-from-file. NUL-, ( ).

-u[<>]

--untracked-files[=<>]

<> ( : all) , ; -u , : normal, .. .

no
normal
all: .

true normal false no. status.showUntrackedFiles, git-config[1].

-v

--verbose

( ) HEAD , , , . , #, . . commit.verbose git-config[1].

, , .. , .

-q

--quiet

--dry-run

, , , , , , .

--status

git-status[1] . , commit.status.

--no-status

git-status[1] .

-S[<id->]

--gpg-sign[=<id->]

--no-gpg-sign

GPG. <id-> , , ; , , . --no-gpg-sign , commit.gpgSign --gpg-sign, .

--

<->

<->, , , , , . , , .

. (pathspec) gitglossary[7].

, ( git add) , . ( , ), git restore --staged <>, git add . , ( ), git commit ( - ). . :

$ edit hello.c     #  
$ git rm goodbye.c
$ git add hello.c
$ git commit

, git commit, ( ) git add git add . , , , :

$ edit hello.c  #  
$ rm goodbye.c  #  
$ git commit -a

git commit -a , , hello.c goodbye.c, git add git rm .

, , , git commit, . , , , :

$ edit hello.c hello.h    #  
$ git add hello.c hello.h
$ edit Makefile           #   
$ git commit Makefile

, Makefile. hello.c hello.h , . : . , :

$ git commit

‘hello.c’ ‘hello.h’, .

( git merge git pull) - , , , , . , git status, , , , git add:

$ git status | grep unmerged
unmerged: hello.c
$ edit hello.c               #  
$ git add hello.c

, git ls-files -u . , git commit, , , :

$ git commit

, -a, . , git commit , , , . , ( . -i).

, :

GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
GIT_COMMITTER_DATE

( , "<", ">" "\n" )

(.. , ), Git - . Unicode ( , ). ; . credential.username git-config[1].

( ) , user.name user.email; , , EMAIL; , , , ( /etc/mailname , , ).

author.name committer.name user.name user.email, , .

`user.name `user.email; .

GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE :

Git

<unix-timestamp> <time-zone-offset>, <unix-timestamp> , UNIX (00:00:00 UTC 1 1970 ). <time-zone-offset> UTC. , CET ( 1 UTC) +0100.

RFC 2822

, RFC 2822, , Thu, 07 Apr 2005 22:13:13 +0200.

ISO 8601

, ISO 8601, , 2005-04-07T22:13:13'. `. , ‘2005-04-07T22:13:13.019’ ‘2005-04-07T22:13:13’.

Note	, : .., // ...

, --date , , , , "yesterday" () "last Friday at noon" ( ).

, , , ( 50 ) , , , . , Git . , git-format-patch[1], , , .

Git .

blob- , . Git .
UTF-8 C. -, , , , (.git/config (. git-config[1]), gitignore[5], gitattributes[5] gitmodules[5]).

, Git , ( Mac Windows). , , -ASCII , , ASCII-. , , UTF-8 (, Linux, Mac, Windows) . , , Git, , UTF-8, .
, , UTF-8, ASCII- , : ISO-8859-x, CP125x , UTF-16/32, EBCDIC CJK (GBK, Shift-JIS, Big5, EUC-x, CP9xx ..).

, UTF-8 , Git, , UTF-8 . , Git . , .

git commit git commit-tree , UTF-8, , . , i18n.commitEncoding .git/config, :
```
[i18n]
	commitEncoding = ISO-8859-1
```
-, , i18n.commitEncoding encoding. , . , UTF-8.
git log, git show, git blame encoding -, UTF-8, . i18n.logOutputEncoding .git/config, :
```
[i18n]
	logOutputEncoding = ISO-8859-1
```
, i18n.commitEncoding.

, (.. UTF-8 -), UTF-8 .

, , ( ) GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, VISUAL EDITOR. . git-var[1].

( , ), , git-config[1]:

commit.cleanup: --cleanup git commit. , , (core.commentChar, #), , git config commit.cleanup whitespace ( , , , , ).
commit.gpgSign: , , GPG. (rebase), , . GPG , GPG-.
commit.status: , / . : true.
commit.template: , .
commit.verbose: , , git commit .

: commit-msg, prepare-commit-msg, pre-commit, post-commit post-rewrite. . githooks[5].

$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG: ( ). git commit , , , , (, ), , , git commit.

.

git-add[1], git-rm[1], git-mv[1], git-merge[1], git-commit-tree[1]

GIT

git[1]

Setup and Config

Getting and Creating Projects

Basic Snapshotting

Branching and Merging

Sharing and Updating Projects

Inspection and Comparison

Patching

Debugging

Email

External Systems

Server Admin

Guides

Administration

Plumbing Commands

.

GIT