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// typing.Union -- used to represent e.g. Union[int, str], int | str

#include "Python.h"

#include "pycore_object.h" // _PyObject_GC_TRACK/UNTRACK

#include "pycore_typevarobject.h" // _PyTypeAlias_Type, _Py_typing_type_repr

#include "pycore_unicodeobject.h" // _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString

#include "pycore_unionobject.h"

#include "pycore_weakref.h" // FT_CLEAR_WEAKREFS()

typedef struct {

PyObject_HEAD

PyObject *args; // all args (tuple)

PyObject *hashable_args; // frozenset or NULL

PyObject *unhashable_args; // tuple or NULL

PyObject *parameters;

PyObject *weakreflist;

} unionobject;

static void

unionobject_dealloc(PyObject *self)

{

unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;

_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);

FT_CLEAR_WEAKREFS(self, alias->weakreflist);

Py_XDECREF(alias->args);

Py_XDECREF(alias->hashable_args);

Py_XDECREF(alias->unhashable_args);

Py_XDECREF(alias->parameters);

Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);

}

static int

union_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)

{

unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;

Py_VISIT(alias->args);

Py_VISIT(alias->hashable_args);

Py_VISIT(alias->unhashable_args);

Py_VISIT(alias->parameters);

return 0;

}

static Py_hash_t

union_hash(PyObject *self)

{

unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;

// If there are any unhashable args, treat this union as unhashable.

// Otherwise, two unions might compare equal but have different hashes.

if (alias->unhashable_args) {

// Attempt to get an error from one of the values.

assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(alias->unhashable_args));

Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(alias->unhashable_args);

for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {

PyObject *arg = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(alias->unhashable_args, i);

Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_Hash(arg);

if (hash == -1) {

return -1;

}

// The unhashable values somehow became hashable again. Still raise

// an error.

PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "union contains %zd unhashable elements", n);

return -1;

}

return PyObject_Hash(alias->hashable_args);

}

static int

unions_equal(unionobject *a, unionobject *b)

{

int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(a->hashable_args, b->hashable_args, Py_EQ);

if (result == -1) {

return -1;

}

if (result == 0) {

return 0;

}

if (a->unhashable_args && b->unhashable_args) {

Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(a->unhashable_args);

if (n != PyTuple_GET_SIZE(b->unhashable_args)) {

return 0;

}

for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {

PyObject *arg_a = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(a->unhashable_args, i);

int result = PySequence_Contains(b->unhashable_args, arg_a);

if (result == -1) {

return -1;

}

if (!result) {

return 0;

}

for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {

PyObject *arg_b = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(b->unhashable_args, i);

int result = PySequence_Contains(a->unhashable_args, arg_b);

if (result == -1) {

return -1;

}

if (!result) {

return 0;

}

else if (a->unhashable_args || b->unhashable_args) {

return 0;

}

return 1;

}

static PyObject *

union_richcompare(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int op)

{

if (!_PyUnion_Check(b) || (op != Py_EQ && op != Py_NE)) {

Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;

}

int equal = unions_equal((unionobject*)a, (unionobject*)b);

if (equal == -1) {

return NULL;

}

if (op == Py_EQ) {

return PyBool_FromLong(equal);

}

else {

return PyBool_FromLong(!equal);

}

typedef struct {

PyObject *args; // list

PyObject *hashable_args; // set

PyObject *unhashable_args; // list or NULL

bool is_checked; // whether to call type_check()

} unionbuilder;

static bool unionbuilder_add_tuple(unionbuilder *, PyObject *);

static PyObject *make_union(unionbuilder *);

static PyObject *type_check(PyObject *, const char *);

static bool

unionbuilder_init(unionbuilder *ub, bool is_checked)

{

ub->args = PyList_New(0);

if (ub->args == NULL) {

return false;

}

ub->hashable_args = PySet_New(NULL);

if (ub->hashable_args == NULL) {

Py_DECREF(ub->args);

return false;

}

ub->unhashable_args = NULL;

ub->is_checked = is_checked;

return true;

}

static void

unionbuilder_finalize(unionbuilder *ub)

{

Py_DECREF(ub->args);

Py_DECREF(ub->hashable_args);

Py_XDECREF(ub->unhashable_args);

}

static bool

unionbuilder_add_single_unchecked(unionbuilder *ub, PyObject *arg)

{

Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_Hash(arg);

if (hash == -1) {

PyErr_Clear();

if (ub->unhashable_args == NULL) {

ub->unhashable_args = PyList_New(0);

if (ub->unhashable_args == NULL) {

return false;

}

else {

int contains = PySequence_Contains(ub->unhashable_args, arg);

if (contains < 0) {

return false;

}

if (contains == 1) {

return true;

}

if (PyList_Append(ub->unhashable_args, arg) < 0) {

return false;

}

else {

int contains = PySet_Contains(ub->hashable_args, arg);

if (contains < 0) {

return false;

}

if (contains == 1) {

return true;

}

if (PySet_Add(ub->hashable_args, arg) < 0) {

return false;

}

return PyList_Append(ub->args, arg) == 0;

}

static bool

unionbuilder_add_single(unionbuilder *ub, PyObject *arg)

{

if (Py_IsNone(arg)) {

arg = (PyObject *)&_PyNone_Type; // immortal, so no refcounting needed

}

else if (_PyUnion_Check(arg)) {

PyObject *args = ((unionobject *)arg)->args;

return unionbuilder_add_tuple(ub, args);

}

if (ub->is_checked) {

PyObject *type = type_check(arg, "Union[arg, ...]: each arg must be a type.");

if (type == NULL) {

return false;

}

bool result = unionbuilder_add_single_unchecked(ub, type);

Py_DECREF(type);

return result;

}

else {

return unionbuilder_add_single_unchecked(ub, arg);

}

static bool

unionbuilder_add_tuple(unionbuilder *ub, PyObject *tuple)

{

Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple);

for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (!unionbuilder_add_single(ub, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i))) {

return false;

}

return true;

}

static int

is_unionable(PyObject *obj)

{

if (obj == Py_None ||

PyType_Check(obj) ||

PySentinel_Check(obj) ||

_PyGenericAlias_Check(obj) ||

_PyUnion_Check(obj) ||

Py_IS_TYPE(obj, &_PyTypeAlias_Type)) {

return 1;

}

return 0;

}

PyObject *

_Py_union_type_or(PyObject* self, PyObject* other)

{

if (!is_unionable(self) || !is_unionable(other)) {

Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;

}

unionbuilder ub;

// unchecked because we already checked is_unionable()

if (!unionbuilder_init(&ub, false)) {

return NULL;

}

if (!unionbuilder_add_single(&ub, self) ||

!unionbuilder_add_single(&ub, other)) {

unionbuilder_finalize(&ub);

return NULL;

}

PyObject *new_union = make_union(&ub);

return new_union;

}

static PyObject *

union_repr(PyObject *self)

{

unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;

Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(alias->args);

// Shortest type name "int" (3 chars) + " | " (3 chars) separator

Py_ssize_t estimate = (len <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 6) ? len * 6 : len;

PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(estimate);

if (writer == NULL) {

return NULL;

}

for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {

if (i > 0 && PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII(writer, " | ", 3) < 0) {

goto error;

}

PyObject *p = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(alias->args, i);

if (_Py_typing_type_repr(writer, p) < 0) {

goto error;

}

#if 0

PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII(writer, "|args=", 6);

PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, alias->args);

PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII(writer, "|h=", 3);

PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, alias->hashable_args);

if (alias->unhashable_args) {

PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII(writer, "|u=", 3);

PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, alias->unhashable_args);

}

#endif

return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);

error:

PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);

return NULL;

}

static PyMemberDef union_members[] = {

{"__args__", _Py_T_OBJECT, offsetof(unionobject, args), Py_READONLY},

{0}

};

// Populate __parameters__ if needed.

static int

union_init_parameters(unionobject *alias)

{

int result = 0;

Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(alias);

if (alias->parameters == NULL) {

alias->parameters = _Py_make_parameters(alias->args);

if (alias->parameters == NULL) {

result = -1;

}

Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();

return result;

}

static PyObject *

union_getitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *item)

{

unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;

if (union_init_parameters(alias) < 0) {

return NULL;

}

PyObject *newargs = _Py_subs_parameters(self, alias->args, alias->parameters, item);

if (newargs == NULL) {

return NULL;

}

PyObject *res = _Py_union_from_tuple(newargs);

Py_DECREF(newargs);

return res;

}

static PyMappingMethods union_as_mapping = {

.mp_subscript = union_getitem,

};

static PyObject *

union_parameters(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(unused))

{

unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;

if (union_init_parameters(alias) < 0) {

return NULL;

}

return Py_NewRef(alias->parameters);

}

static PyObject *

union_name(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))

{

return PyUnicode_FromString("Union");

}

static PyObject *

union_origin(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))

{

return Py_NewRef(&_PyUnion_Type);

}

static PyGetSetDef union_properties[] = {

{"__name__", union_name, NULL,

PyDoc_STR("Name of the type"), NULL},

{"__qualname__", union_name, NULL,

PyDoc_STR("Qualified name of the type"), NULL},

{"__origin__", union_origin, NULL,

PyDoc_STR("Always returns the type"), NULL},

{"__parameters__", union_parameters, NULL,

PyDoc_STR("Type variables in the types.UnionType."), NULL},

{0}

};

static PyObject *

union_nb_or(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)

{

unionbuilder ub;

if (!unionbuilder_init(&ub, true)) {

return NULL;

}

if (!unionbuilder_add_single(&ub, a) ||

!unionbuilder_add_single(&ub, b)) {

unionbuilder_finalize(&ub);

return NULL;

}

return make_union(&ub);

}

static PyNumberMethods union_as_number = {

.nb_or = union_nb_or, // Add __or__ function

};

static const char* const cls_attrs[] = {

"__module__", // Required for compatibility with typing module

NULL,

};

static PyObject *

union_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)

{

unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;

if (PyUnicode_Check(name)) {

for (const char * const *p = cls_attrs; ; p++) {

if (*p == NULL) {

break;

}

if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, *p)) {

return PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *) Py_TYPE(alias), name);

}

return PyObject_GenericGetAttr(self, name);

}

PyObject *

_Py_union_args(PyObject *self)

{

assert(_PyUnion_Check(self));

return ((unionobject *) self)->args;

}

static PyObject *

call_typing_func_object(const char *name, PyObject **args, size_t nargs)

{

PyObject *typing = PyImport_ImportModule("typing");

if (typing == NULL) {

return NULL;

}

PyObject *func = PyObject_GetAttrString(typing, name);

if (func == NULL) {

Py_DECREF(typing);

return NULL;

}

PyObject *result = PyObject_Vectorcall(func, args, nargs, NULL);

Py_DECREF(func);

Py_DECREF(typing);

return result;

}

static PyObject *

type_check(PyObject *arg, const char *msg)

{

if (Py_IsNone(arg)) {

// NoneType is immortal, so don't need an INCREF

return (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(arg);

}

// Fast path to avoid calling into typing.py

if (is_unionable(arg)) {

return Py_NewRef(arg);

}

PyObject *message_str = PyUnicode_FromString(msg);

if (message_str == NULL) {

return NULL;

}

PyObject *args[2] = {arg, message_str};

PyObject *result = call_typing_func_object("_type_check", args, 2);

Py_DECREF(message_str);

return result;

}

PyObject *

_Py_union_from_tuple(PyObject *args)

{

unionbuilder ub;

if (!unionbuilder_init(&ub, true)) {

return NULL;

}

if (PyTuple_CheckExact(args)) {

if (!unionbuilder_add_tuple(&ub, args)) {

unionbuilder_finalize(&ub);

return NULL;

}

else {

if (!unionbuilder_add_single(&ub, args)) {

unionbuilder_finalize(&ub);

return NULL;

}

return make_union(&ub);

}

static PyObject *

union_class_getitem(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)

{

return _Py_union_from_tuple(args);

}

static PyObject *

union_mro_entries(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

{

return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,

"Cannot subclass %R", self);

}

static PyMethodDef union_methods[] = {

{"__mro_entries__", union_mro_entries, METH_O},

{"__class_getitem__", union_class_getitem, METH_O|METH_CLASS,

PyDoc_STR("Create a union containing the given types")},

{0}

};

PyTypeObject _PyUnion_Type = {

PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)

.tp_name = "typing.Union",

.tp_doc = PyDoc_STR("Represent a union type\n"

"\n"

"E.g. for int | str"),

.tp_basicsize = sizeof(unionobject),

.tp_dealloc = unionobject_dealloc,

.tp_alloc = PyType_GenericAlloc,

.tp_free = PyObject_GC_Del,

.tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,

.tp_traverse = union_traverse,

.tp_hash = union_hash,

.tp_getattro = union_getattro,

.tp_members = union_members,

.tp_methods = union_methods,

.tp_richcompare = union_richcompare,

.tp_as_mapping = &union_as_mapping,

.tp_as_number = &union_as_number,

.tp_repr = union_repr,

.tp_getset = union_properties,

.tp_weaklistoffset = offsetof(unionobject, weakreflist),

};

static PyObject *

make_union(unionbuilder *ub)

{

Py_ssize_t n = PyList_GET_SIZE(ub->args);

if (n == 0) {

PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot take a Union of no types.");

unionbuilder_finalize(ub);

return NULL;

}

if (n == 1) {

PyObject *result = PyList_GET_ITEM(ub->args, 0);

Py_INCREF(result);

unionbuilder_finalize(ub);

return result;

}

PyObject *args = NULL, *hashable_args = NULL, *unhashable_args = NULL;

args = PyList_AsTuple(ub->args);

if (args == NULL) {

goto error;

}

hashable_args = PyFrozenSet_New(ub->hashable_args);

if (hashable_args == NULL) {

goto error;

}

if (ub->unhashable_args != NULL) {

unhashable_args = PyList_AsTuple(ub->unhashable_args);

if (unhashable_args == NULL) {

goto error;

}

unionobject *result = PyObject_GC_New(unionobject, &_PyUnion_Type);

if (result == NULL) {

goto error;

}

unionbuilder_finalize(ub);

result->parameters = NULL;

result->args = args;

result->hashable_args = hashable_args;

result->unhashable_args = unhashable_args;

result->weakreflist = NULL;

_PyObject_GC_TRACK(result);

return (PyObject*)result;

error:

Py_XDECREF(args);

Py_XDECREF(hashable_args);

Py_XDECREF(unhashable_args);

unionbuilder_finalize(ub);

return NULL;

}

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