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#
SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
#
Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
#
This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#
Translators:
#
Takanori Suzuki <takanori@takanory.net>, 2025
#
Inada Naoki <songofacandy@gmail.com>, 2026
#
python-doc bot, 2026
#
Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2026
#
#,
fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"
Project-Id-Version
:
Python 3.15\n
"
"
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To
:
\n
"
"
POT-Creation-Date
:
2026-10-05 21:29+0000\n
"
"
PO-Revision-Date
:
2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n
"
"
Last-Translator
:
Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2026\n
"
"
Language-Team
:
Japanese (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/
"
"
ja/)\n
"
"
Language
:
ja\n
"
"
MIME-Version
:
1.0\n
"
"
Content-Type
:
text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n
"
"
Content-Transfer-Encoding
:
8bit\n
"
"
Plural-Forms
:
nplurals=1; plural=0;\n
"
msgid
"Input and output"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:7
msgid
""
"There are several ways to present the output of a program; data can be "
"printed in a human-readable form, or written to a file for future use. This "
"chapter will discuss some of the possibilities."
msgstr
""
"\n"
""
"\n"
""
msgid
"Fancier output formatting"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:17
msgid
""
"So far we've encountered two ways of writing values: *expression statements* "
"and the :func:`print` function. (A third way is using the :meth:`~io."
"TextIOBase.write` method of file objects; the standard output file can be "
"referenced as ``sys.stdout``. See the Library Reference for more information "
"on this.)"
msgstr
""
": * (expression statement)* :func:"
"`print` ( :meth:`~io."
"TextIOBase.write` ``sys."
"stdout`` )"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:22
msgid
""
"Often you'll want more control over the formatting of your output than "
"simply printing space-separated values. There are several ways to format "
"output."
msgstr
""
""
"\n"
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:25
msgid
""
"To use :ref:`formatted string literals <tut-f-strings>`, begin a string with "
"``f`` or ``F`` before the opening quotation mark or triple quotation mark. "
"Inside this string, you can write a Python expression between ``{`` and ``}"
"`` characters that can refer to variables or literal values."
msgstr
""
":ref:` <tut-f-strings>` "
" ``f`` ``F`` \n"
" ``{`` ``}`` Python "
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:32
msgid
""
">>> year = 2016\n"
">>> event = 'Referendum'\n"
">>> f'Results of the {year} {event}'\n"
"'Results of the 2016 Referendum'"
msgstr
""
">>> year = 2016\n"
">>> event = ''\n"
">>> f'{year}{event}'\n"
"'2016'"
msgid
""
"The :meth:`str.format` method of strings requires more manual effort. "
"You'll still use ``{`` and ``}`` to mark where a variable will be "
"substituted and can provide detailed formatting directives, but you'll also "
"need to provide the information to be formatted. In the following code block "
"there are two examples of how to format variables:"
msgstr
""
" :meth:`str.format` \n"
" ``{`` ``}`` "
"\n"
" 2 :"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:46
msgid
""
">>> yes_votes = 42_572_654\n"
">>> total_votes = 85_705_149\n"
">>> percentage = yes_votes / total_votes\n"
">>> '{:-9} YES votes {:2.2%}'.format(yes_votes, percentage)\n"
"' 42572654 YES votes 49.67%'"
msgstr
""
">>> yes_votes = 42_572_654\n"
">>> total_votes = 85_705_149\n"
">>> percentage = yes_votes / total_votes\n"
">>> '{:-9} {:2.2%}'.format(yes_votes, percentage)\n"
"' 42572654 49.67%'"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:52
msgid
""
"Notice how the ``yes_votes`` are padded with spaces and a negative sign only "
"for negative numbers. The example also prints ``percentage`` multiplied by "
"100, with 2 decimal places and followed by a percent sign (see :ref:"
"`formatspec` for details)."
msgstr
""
"``yes_votes`` "
"100 ``percentage`` "
"2 ( :ref:`formatspec` "
")"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:57
msgid
""
"Finally, you can do all the string handling yourself by using string slicing "
"and concatenation operations to create any layout you can imagine. The "
"string type has some methods that perform useful operations for padding "
"strings to a given column width."
msgstr
""
""
"\n"
""
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:62
msgid
""
"When you don't need fancy output but just want a quick display of some "
"variables for debugging purposes, you can convert any value to a string with "
"the :func:`repr` or :func:`str` functions."
msgstr
""
""
" :func:`repr` :func:`str` "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:66
msgid
""
"The :func:`str` function is meant to return representations of values which "
"are fairly human-readable, while :func:`repr` is meant to generate "
"representations which can be read by the interpreter (or will force a :exc:"
"`SyntaxError` if there is no equivalent syntax). For objects which don't "
"have a particular representation for human consumption, :func:`str` will "
"return the same value as :func:`repr`. Many values, such as numbers or "
"structures like lists and dictionaries, have the same representation using "
"either function. Strings, in particular, have two distinct representations."
msgstr
""
":func:`str` :func:`repr` "
" ( :exc:"
"`SyntaxError` ) "
" :func:`str` :func:`repr` "
""
"2"
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:75
msgid
"Some examples::"
msgstr
"::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:77
msgid
""
">>> s = 'Hello, world.'\n"
">>> str(s)\n"
"'Hello, world.'\n"
">>> repr(s)\n"
"
\"
'Hello, world.'
\"
\n"
">>> str(1/7)\n"
"'0.14285714285714285'\n"
">>> x = 10 * 3.25\n"
">>> y = 200 * 200\n"
">>> s = 'The value of x is ' + repr(x) + ', and y is ' + repr(y) + '...'\n"
">>> print(s)\n"
"The value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...\n"
">>> # The repr() of a string adds string quotes and backslashes:\n"
">>> hello = 'hello, world
\\
n'\n"
">>> hellos = repr(hello)\n"
">>> print(hellos)\n"
"'hello, world
\\
n'\n"
">>> # The argument to repr() may be any Python object:\n"
">>> repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))\n"
"
\"
(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))
\"
"
msgstr
""
">>> s = 'Hello, world.'\n"
">>> str(s)\n"
"'Hello, world.'\n"
">>> repr(s)\n"
"
\"
'Hello, world.'
\"
\n"
">>> str(1/7)\n"
"'0.14285714285714285'\n"
">>> x = 10 * 3.25\n"
">>> y = 200 * 200\n"
">>> s = 'The value of x is ' + repr(x) + ', and y is ' + repr(y) + '...'\n"
">>> print(s)\n"
"The value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...\n"
">>> # repr() :\n"
">>> hello = 'hello, world
\\
n'\n"
">>> hellos = repr(hello)\n"
">>> print(hellos)\n"
"'hello, world
\\
n'\n"
">>> # repr() Python :\n"
">>> repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))\n"
"
\"
(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))
\"
"
msgid
""
"The :mod:`string` module contains support for a simple templating approach "
"based upon regular expressions, via :class:`string.Template`. This offers "
"yet another way to substitute values into strings, using placeholders like "
"``$x`` and replacing them with values from a dictionary. This syntax is easy "
"to use, although it offers much less control for formatting."
msgstr
""
":mod:`string` :class:`string.Template` "
"\n"
"``$x`` "
"\n"
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:115
msgid
"Formatted string literals"
msgstr
""
msgid
""
":ref:`Formatted string literals <f-strings>` (also called f-strings for "
"short) let you include the value of Python expressions inside a string by "
"prefixing the string with ``f`` or ``F`` and writing expressions as "
"``{expression}``."
msgstr
""
" ``f`` ``F`` ``{expression}`` "
"\n"
":ref:` <f-strings>` ( f-string) "
"Python "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:122
msgid
""
"An optional format specifier can follow the expression. This allows greater "
"control over how the value is formatted. The following example rounds pi to "
"three places after the decimal::"
msgstr
""
"\n"
"\n"
"3::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:126
msgid
""
">>> import math\n"
">>> print(f'The value of pi is approximately {math.pi:.3f}.')\n"
"The value of pi is approximately 3.142."
msgstr
""
">>> import math\n"
">>> print(f' {math.pi:.3f} ')\n"
" 3.142 "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:130
msgid
""
"Passing an integer after the ``':'`` will cause that field to be a minimum "
"number of characters wide. This is useful for making columns line up. ::"
msgstr
""
"``':'`` "
"\n"
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:133
msgid
""
">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 7678}\n"
">>> for name, phone in table.items():\n"
"... print(f'{name:10} ==> {phone:10d}')\n"
"...\n"
"Sjoerd ==> 4127\n"
"Jack ==> 4098\n"
"Dcab ==> 7678"
msgstr
""
">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 7678}\n"
">>> for name, phone in table.items():\n"
"... print(f'{name:10} ==> {phone:10d}')\n"
"...\n"
"Sjoerd ==> 4127\n"
"Jack ==> 4098\n"
"Dcab ==> 7678"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:141
msgid
""
"Other modifiers can be used to convert the value before it is formatted. ``'!"
"a'`` applies :func:`ascii`, ``'!s'`` applies :func:`str`, and ``'!r'`` "
"applies :func:`repr`::"
msgstr
""
"\n"
"``'!a'`` :func:`ascii` ``'!s'`` :func:`str` ``'!r'`` :"
"func:`repr` ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:145
msgid
""
">>> animals = 'eels'\n"
">>> print(f'My hovercraft is full of {animals}.')\n"
"My hovercraft is full of eels.\n"
">>> print(f'My hovercraft is full of {animals!r}.')\n"
"My hovercraft is full of 'eels'."
msgstr
""
">>> animals = ''\n"
">>> print(f' {animals} ')\n"
" \n"
">>> print(f' {animals!r} ')\n"
" '' "
msgid
""
"The ``=`` specifier can be used to expand an expression to the text of the "
"expression, an equal sign, then the representation of the evaluated "
"expression:"
msgstr
""
"``=`` ``=`` ``repr()`` "
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:160
msgid
""
"See :ref:`self-documenting expressions <bpo-36817-whatsnew>` for more "
"information on the ``=`` specifier. For a reference on these format "
"specifications, see the reference guide for the :ref:`formatspec`."
msgstr
""
"``=`` :ref:`self-documenting expressions <bpo-36817-"
"whatsnew>` :ref:"
"`formatspec` "
msgid
"The string format() method"
msgstr
" format() "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:169
msgid
"Basic usage of the :meth:`str.format` method looks like this::"
msgstr
":meth:`str.format` ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:171
msgid
""
">>> print('We are the {} who say
\"
{}!
\"
'.format('knights', 'Ni'))\n"
"We are the knights who say
\"
Ni!
\"
"
msgstr
""
">>> print('We are the {} who say
\"
{}!
\"
'.format('knights', 'Ni'))\n"
"We are the knights who say
\"
Ni!
\"
"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:174
msgid
""
"The brackets and characters within them (called format fields) are replaced "
"with the objects passed into the :meth:`str.format` method. A number in the "
"brackets can be used to refer to the position of the object passed into the :"
"meth:`str.format` method. ::"
msgstr
""
"() :meth:`str."
"format` :meth:"
"`str.format` ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:179
msgid
""
">>> print('{0} and {1}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n"
"spam and eggs\n"
">>> print('{1} and {0}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n"
"eggs and spam"
msgstr
""
">>> print('{0} and {1}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n"
"spam and eggs\n"
">>> print('{1} and {0}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n"
"eggs and spam"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:184
msgid
""
"If keyword arguments are used in the :meth:`str.format` method, their values "
"are referred to by using the name of the argument. ::"
msgstr
""
":meth:`str.format` "
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:187
msgid
""
">>> print('This {food} is {adjective}.'.format(\n"
"... food='spam', adjective='absolutely horrible'))\n"
"This spam is absolutely horrible."
msgstr
""
">>> print('This {food} is {adjective}.'.format(\n"
"... food='spam', adjective='absolutely horrible'))\n"
"This spam is absolutely horrible."
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:191
msgid
"Positional and keyword arguments can be arbitrarily combined::"
msgstr
"::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:193
msgid
""
">>> print('The story of {0}, {1}, and {other}.'.format('Bill', 'Manfred',\n"
"... other='Georg'))\n"
"The story of Bill, Manfred, and Georg."
msgstr
""
">>> print('The story of {0}, {1}, and {other}.'.format('Bill', 'Manfred',\n"
"... other='Georg'))\n"
"The story of Bill, Manfred, and Georg."
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:197
msgid
""
"If you have a really long format string that you don't want to split up, it "
"would be nice if you could reference the variables to be formatted by name "
"instead of by position. This can be done by simply passing the dict and "
"using square brackets ``'[]'`` to access the keys. ::"
msgstr
""
""
""
" ``'[]'`` ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:202
msgid
""
">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n"
">>> print('Jack: {0[Jack]:d}; Sjoerd: {0[Sjoerd]:d}; '\n"
"... 'Dcab: {0[Dcab]:d}'.format(table))\n"
"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678"
msgstr
""
">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n"
">>> print('Jack: {0[Jack]:d}; Sjoerd: {0[Sjoerd]:d}; '\n"
"... 'Dcab: {0[Dcab]:d}'.format(table))\n"
"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:207
msgid
""
"This could also be done by passing the ``table`` dictionary as keyword "
"arguments with the ``**`` notation. ::"
msgstr
""
" ``table`` ``**`` "
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:210
msgid
""
">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n"
">>> print('Jack: {Jack:d}; Sjoerd: {Sjoerd:d}; Dcab: {Dcab:d}'."
"format(**table))\n"
"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678"
msgstr
""
">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n"
">>> print('Jack: {Jack:d}; Sjoerd: {Sjoerd:d}; Dcab: {Dcab:d}'."
"format(**table))\n"
"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678"
msgid
""
"This is particularly useful in combination with the built-in function :func:"
"`vars`, which returns a dictionary containing all local variables::"
msgstr
""
" :func:`vars` "
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:217
msgid
""
">>> table = {k: str(v) for k, v in vars().items()}\n"
">>> message =
\"
\"
.join([f'{k}: ' + '{' + k +'};' for k in table.keys()])\n"
">>> print(message.format(**table))\n"
"__name__: __main__; __doc__: None; __package__: None; __loader__: ..."
msgstr
""
">>> table = {k: str(v) for k, v in vars().items()}\n"
">>> message =
\"
\"
.join([f'{k}: ' + '{' + k +'};' for k in table.keys()])\n"
">>> print(message.format(**table))\n"
"__name__: __main__; __doc__: None; __package__: None; __loader__: ..."
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:222
msgid
""
"As an example, the following lines produce a tidily aligned set of columns "
"giving integers and their squares and cubes::"
msgstr
""
"23"
"::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:225
msgid
""
">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n"
"... print('{0:2d} {1:3d} {2:4d}'.format(x, x*x, x*x*x))\n"
"...\n"
" 1 1 1\n"
" 2 4 8\n"
" 3 9 27\n"
" 4 16 64\n"
" 5 25 125\n"
" 6 36 216\n"
" 7 49 343\n"
" 8 64 512\n"
" 9 81 729\n"
"10 100 1000"
msgstr
""
">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n"
"... print('{0:2d} {1:3d} {2:4d}'.format(x, x*x, x*x*x))\n"
"...\n"
" 1 1 1\n"
" 2 4 8\n"
" 3 9 27\n"
" 4 16 64\n"
" 5 25 125\n"
" 6 36 216\n"
" 7 49 343\n"
" 8 64 512\n"
" 9 81 729\n"
"10 100 1000"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:239
msgid
""
"For a complete overview of string formatting with :meth:`str.format`, see :"
"ref:`formatstrings`."
msgstr
""
":meth:`str.format` :ref:`formatstrings` "
""
msgid
"Manual string formatting"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:246
msgid
"Here's the same table of squares and cubes, formatted manually::"
msgstr
" 2 3 ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:248
msgid
""
">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n"
"... print(repr(x).rjust(2), repr(x*x).rjust(3), end=' ')\n"
"... # Note use of 'end' on previous line\n"
"... print(repr(x*x*x).rjust(4))\n"
"...\n"
" 1 1 1\n"
" 2 4 8\n"
" 3 9 27\n"
" 4 16 64\n"
" 5 25 125\n"
" 6 36 216\n"
" 7 49 343\n"
" 8 64 512\n"
" 9 81 729\n"
"10 100 1000"
msgstr
""
">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n"
"... print(repr(x).rjust(2), repr(x*x).rjust(3), end=' ')\n"
"... # end \n"
"... print(repr(x*x*x).rjust(4))\n"
"...\n"
" 1 1 1\n"
" 2 4 8\n"
" 3 9 27\n"
" 4 16 64\n"
" 5 25 125\n"
" 6 36 216\n"
" 7 49 343\n"
" 8 64 512\n"
" 9 81 729\n"
"10 100 1000"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:264
msgid
""
"(Note that the one space between each column was added by the way :func:"
"`print` works: it always adds spaces between its arguments.)"
msgstr
""
"( :func:`print` "
" ``print()`` )"
msgid
""
"The :meth:`str.rjust` method of string objects right-justifies a string in a "
"field of a given width by padding it with spaces on the left. There are "
"similar methods :meth:`str.ljust` and :meth:`str.center`. These methods do "
"not write anything, they just return a new string. If the input string is "
"too long, they don't truncate it, but return it unchanged; this will mess up "
"your column lay-out but that's usually better than the alternative, which "
"would be lying about a value. (If you really want truncation you can always "
"add a slice operation, as in ``x.ljust(n)[:n]``.)"
msgstr
""
" :meth:`str.rjust` "
"\n"
" :meth:`str.ljust` :meth:`str.center` \n"
"\n"
"\n"
""
"\n"
"(``x.ljust(n)[:n]`` "
")"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:276
msgid
""
"There is another method, :meth:`str.zfill`, which pads a numeric string on "
"the left with zeros. It understands about plus and minus signs::"
msgstr
""
" :meth:`str.zfill` "
"::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:279
msgid
""
">>> '12'.zfill(5)\n"
"'00012'\n"
">>> '-3.14'.zfill(7)\n"
"'-003.14'\n"
">>> '3.14159265359'.zfill(5)\n"
"'3.14159265359'"
msgstr
""
">>> '12'.zfill(5)\n"
"'00012'\n"
">>> '-3.14'.zfill(7)\n"
"'-003.14'\n"
">>> '3.14159265359'.zfill(5)\n"
"'3.14159265359'"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:288
msgid
"Old string formatting"
msgstr
""
msgid
""
"The % operator (modulo) can also be used for string formatting. Given "
"``format % values`` (where *format* is a string), ``%`` conversion "
"specifications in *format* are replaced with zero or more elements of "
"*values*. This operation is commonly known as string interpolation. For "
"example::"
msgstr
""
" ``%`` \n"
"``format % values`` (``format`` ) ``format`` ``%`` "
" ``values`` 0 \n"
"\n"
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:297
msgid
""
">>> import math\n"
">>> print('The value of pi is approximately %5.3f.' % math.pi)\n"
"The value of pi is approximately 3.142."
msgstr
""
">>> import math\n"
">>> print(' %5.3f ' % math.pi)\n"
" 3.142 "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:301
msgid
""
"More information can be found in the :ref:`old-string-formatting` section."
msgstr
" :ref:`old-string-formatting` "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:307
msgid
"Reading and writing files"
msgstr
""
msgid
""
":func:`open` returns a :term:`file object`, and is most commonly used with "
"two positional arguments: ``open(filename, mode)``"
msgstr
""
":func:`open` :term:` <file object>` \n"
"``open(filename, mode)`` 2 "
""
msgid
">>> f = open('workfile', 'w')"
msgstr
">>> f = open('workfile', 'w')"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:325
msgid
""
"The first argument is a string containing the filename. The second argument "
"is another string containing a few characters describing the way in which "
"the file will be used. *mode* can be ``'r'`` when the file will only be "
"read, ``'w'`` for only writing (an existing file with the same name will be "
"erased), and ``'a'`` opens the file for appending; any data written to the "
"file is automatically added to the end. ``'r+'`` opens the file for both "
"reading and writing. The *mode* argument is optional; ``'r'`` will be "
"assumed if it's omitted."
msgstr
""
""
" *mode* "
" ``'r'`` () "
" ``'w'`` ``'a'`` "
" ``'r+'`` "
" *mode* ``'r'`` "
""
msgid
""
"Normally, files are opened in :dfn:`text mode`, that means, you read and "
"write strings from and to the file, which are encoded in a specific "
"*encoding*. If *encoding* is not specified, the default is UTF-8 (see :func:"
"`open`). Appending a ``'b'`` to the mode opens the file in :dfn:`binary "
"mode`. Binary mode data is read and written as :class:`bytes` objects. You "
"can not specify *encoding* when opening file in binary mode."
msgstr
""
" :dfn:` (text mode)` \n"
" *encoding* "
"\n"
"*encoding* UTF-8 (:func:`open` "
")\n"
" ``'b'`` :dfn:` (binary "
"mode)` \n"
" :class:`bytes` "
"\n"
"*encoding* "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:341
msgid
""
"In text mode, the default when reading is to convert platform-specific line "
"endings (``
\\
n`` on Unix, ``
\\
r
\\
n`` on Windows) to just ``
\\
n``. When "
"writing in text mode, the default is to convert occurrences of ``
\\
n`` back "
"to platform-specific line endings. This behind-the-scenes modification to "
"file data is fine for text files, but will corrupt binary data like that in :"
"file:`JPEG` or :file:`EXE` files. Be very careful to use binary mode when "
"reading and writing such files."
msgstr
""
" (Unix "
"``
\\
n`` Windows ``
\\
r
\\
n``) ``
\\
n`` "
" ``
\\
n`` "
""
" :file:`JPEG` "
" :file:`EXE` "
""
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:349
msgid
""
"It is good practice to use the :keyword:`with` keyword when dealing with "
"file objects. The advantage is that the file is properly closed after its "
"suite finishes, even if an exception is raised at some point. Using :"
"keyword:`!with` is also much shorter than writing equivalent :keyword:"
"`try`
\\
-
\\
:keyword:`finally` blocks::"
msgstr
""
" :keyword:`with` "
"\n"
""
"\n"
":keyword:`!with` :keyword:`try`
\\
-
\\
:keyword:"
"`finally` ::"
msgid
""
">>> with open('workfile') as f:\n"
"... read_data = f.read()\n"
"\n"
">>> # We can check that the file has been automatically closed.\n"
">>> f.closed\n"
"True"
msgstr
""
">>> with open('workfile') as f:\n"
"... read_data = f.read()\n"
"\n"
">>> # \n"
">>> f.closed\n"
"True"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:362
msgid
""
"If you're not using the :keyword:`with` keyword, then you should call ``f."
"close()`` to close the file and immediately free up any system resources "
"used by it."
msgstr
""
" :keyword:`with` "
" ``f.close()`` "
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:367
msgid
""
"Calling ``f.write()`` without using the :keyword:`!with` keyword or calling "
"``f.close()`` **might** result in the arguments of ``f.write()`` not being "
"completely written to the disk, even if the program exits successfully."
msgstr
""
"``f.write()`` :keyword:`!with` ``f.close()`` "
" ``f.write()`` "
" **** "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:375
msgid
""
"After a file object is closed, either by a :keyword:`with` statement or by "
"calling ``f.close()``, attempts to use the file object will automatically "
"fail. ::"
msgstr
""
":keyword:`with` ``f.close()`` "
"::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:379
msgid
""
">>> f.close()\n"
">>> f.read()\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"ValueError: I/O operation on closed file."
msgstr
""
">>> f.close()\n"
">>> f.read()\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"ValueError: I/O operation on closed file."
msgid
"Methods of file objects"
msgstr
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:391
msgid
""
"The rest of the examples in this section will assume that a file object "
"called ``f`` has already been created."
msgstr
""
" ``f`` "
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:394
msgid
""
"To read a file's contents, call ``f.read(size)``, which reads some quantity "
"of data and returns it as a string (in text mode) or bytes object (in binary "
"mode). *size* is an optional numeric argument. When *size* is omitted or "
"negative, the entire contents of the file will be read and returned; it's "
"your problem if the file is twice as large as your machine's memory. "
"Otherwise, at most *size* characters (in text mode) or *size* bytes (in "
"binary mode) are read and returned. If the end of the file has been reached, "
"``f.read()`` will return an empty string (``''``). ::"
msgstr
""
" ``f.read(size)`` "
" () bytes "
" () *size* "
" *size* "
""
" *size* ("
") *size* () *size* "
" ``f.read()`` (``''``) "
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:403
msgid
""
">>> f.read()\n"
"'This is the entire file.
\\
n'\n"
">>> f.read()\n"
"''"
msgstr
""
">>> f.read()\n"
"'
\\
n'\n"
">>> f.read()\n"
"''"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:408
msgid
""
"``f.readline()`` reads a single line from the file; a newline character "
"(``
\\
n``) is left at the end of the string, and is only omitted on the last "
"line of the file if the file doesn't end in a newline. This makes the "
"return value unambiguous; if ``f.readline()`` returns an empty string, the "
"end of the file has been reached, while a blank line is represented by "
"``'
\\
n'``, a string containing only a single newline. ::"
msgstr
""
"``f.readline()`` 1 (``
\\
n``) "
""
""
"; ``f.readline()`` "
" ``'
\\
n'`` 1 "
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:415
msgid
""
">>> f.readline()\n"
"'This is the first line of the file.
\\
n'\n"
">>> f.readline()\n"
"'Second line of the file
\\
n'\n"
">>> f.readline()\n"
"''"
msgstr
""
">>> f.readline()\n"
"'
\\
n'\n"
">>> f.readline()\n"
"'2
\\
n'\n"
">>> f.readline()\n"
"''"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:422
msgid
""
"For reading lines from a file, you can loop over the file object. This is "
"memory efficient, fast, and leads to simple code::"
msgstr
""
""
""
"::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:425
msgid
""
">>> for line in f:\n"
"... print(line, end='')\n"
"...\n"
"This is the first line of the file.\n"
"Second line of the file"
msgstr
""
">>> for line in f:\n"
"... print(line, end='')\n"
"...\n"
"\n"
"2"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:431
msgid
""
"If you want to read all the lines of a file in a list you can also use "
"``list(f)`` or ``f.readlines()``."
msgstr
""
"``list(f)`` ``f."
"readlines()`` "
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:434
msgid
""
"``f.write(string)`` writes the contents of *string* to the file, returning "
"the number of characters written. ::"
msgstr
""
"``f.write(string)`` *string* "
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:437
msgid
""
">>> f.write('This is a test
\\
n')\n"
"15"
msgstr
""
">>> f.write('This is a test
\\
n')\n"
"15"
msgid
""
"Other types of objects need to be converted -- either to a string (in text "
"mode) or a bytes object (in binary mode) -- before writing them::"
msgstr
""
" () bytes "
" () ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:443
msgid
""
">>> value = ('the answer', 42)\n"
">>> s = str(value) # convert the tuple to string\n"
">>> f.write(s)\n"
"18"
msgstr
""
">>> value = ('the answer', 42)\n"
">>> s = str(value) # \n"
">>> f.write(s)\n"
"18"
msgid
""
"``f.tell()`` returns an integer giving the file object's current position in "
"the file represented as number of bytes from the beginning of the file when "
"in binary mode and an opaque number when in text mode."
msgstr
""
"``f.tell()`` "
"\n"
""
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:452
msgid
""
"To change the file object's position, use ``f.seek(offset, whence)``. The "
"position is computed from adding *offset* to a reference point; the "
"reference point is selected by the *whence* argument. A *whence* value of 0 "
"measures from the beginning of the file, 1 uses the current file position, "
"and 2 uses the end of the file as the reference point. *whence* can be "
"omitted and defaults to 0, using the beginning of the file as the reference "
"point. ::"
msgstr
""
"``f.seek(offset, whence)`` "
" (reference point) *offset* "
" *whence* *whence* 0 "
" 1 2 "
"*whence* 0"
" ::"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:459
msgid
""
">>> f = open('workfile', 'rb+')\n"
">>> f.write(b'0123456789abcdef')\n"
"16\n"
">>> f.seek(5) # Go to the 6th byte in the file\n"
"5\n"
">>> f.read(1)\n"
"b'5'\n"
">>> f.seek(-3, 2) # Go to the 3rd byte before the end\n"
"13\n"
">>> f.read(1)\n"
"b'd'"
msgstr
""
">>> f = open('workfile', 'rb+')\n"
">>> f.write(b'0123456789abcdef')\n"
"16\n"
">>> f.seek(5) # 6\n"
"5\n"
">>> f.read(1)\n"
"b'5'\n"
">>> f.seek(-3, 2) # \n"
"13\n"
">>> f.read(1)\n"
"b'd'"
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:471
msgid
""
"In text files (those opened without a ``b`` in the mode string), only seeks "
"relative to the beginning of the file are allowed (the exception being "
"seeking to the very file end with ``seek(0, 2)``) and the only valid "
"*offset* values are those returned from the ``f.tell()``, or zero. Any other "
"*offset* value produces undefined behaviour."
msgstr
""
" (mode ``b`` ) "
" (``seek(0, "
"2)`` ) *offset* "
"``f.tell()`` 0 *offset* "
""
#:
../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:477
msgid
""
"File objects have some additional methods, such as :meth:`~io.IOBase.isatty` "
"and :meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` which are less frequently used; consult the "
"Library Reference for a complete guide to file objects."
msgstr
""
" :meth:`~io.IOBase.isatty` :meth:`~io."
"IOBase.truncate` "
""
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