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#
SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
#
Copyright (C) 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation
#
This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#
Translators:
#
Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2025
#
Maciej Olko, 2025
#
#,
fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"
Project-Id-Version
:
Python 3.12\n
"
"
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To
:
\n
"
"
POT-Creation-Date
:
2026-10-19 22:21+0000\n
"
"
PO-Revision-Date
:
2025-07-18 19:59+0000\n
"
"
Last-Translator
:
Maciej Olko, 2025\n
"
"
Language-Team
:
Polish (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n
"
"
MIME-Version
:
1.0\n
"
"
Content-Type
:
text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n
"
"
Content-Transfer-Encoding
:
8bit\n
"
"
Language
:
pl\n
"
"
Plural-Forms
:
nplurals=4; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : (n%10>=2 && n%10<=4) &&
"
"
(n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n!=1 && (n%10>=0 && n%10<=1) || (n%10>=5 &&
"
"
n%10<=9) || (n%100>=12 && n%100<=14) ? 2 : 3);\n
"
msgid
"Errors and Exceptions"
msgstr
"Bdy i wyjtki"
msgid
""
"Until now error messages haven't been more than mentioned, but if you have "
"tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) "
"two distinguishable kinds of errors: *syntax errors* and *exceptions*."
msgstr
""
"Do tej pory wiadomoci o bdach byy tylko wspomniane, ale jeli "
"prbowaa(-e) przykadw to pewnie udao ci si na nie natkn. Wystpuj "
"(przynajmniej) dwa charakterystyczne typy bdw: *bdy skadni* (syntax "
"errors) oraz *wyjtki* (exceptions)."
msgid
"Syntax Errors"
msgstr
"Bdy skadni"
msgid
""
"Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common "
"kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python::"
msgstr
""
"Bdy skadni, znane rwnie jako bdy parsowania, s prawdopodobnie "
"najczstszym rodzajem skarg, ktre pojawiaj si podczas nauki Pythona::"
msgid
""
">>> while True print('Hello world')\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1\n"
" while True print('Hello world')\n"
" ^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: invalid syntax"
msgstr
""
">>> while True print('Witaj wiecie')\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1\n"
" while True print('Witaj wiecie')\n"
" ^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: invalid syntax"
msgid
""
"The parser repeats the offending line and displays little arrows pointing at "
"the place where the error was detected. Note that this is not always the "
"place that needs to be fixed. In the example, the error is detected at the "
"function :func:`print`, since a colon (``':'``) is missing just before it."
msgstr
""
"Parser powtarza bdn lini i wywietla mae strzaki wskazujce miejsce, w "
"ktrym wykryto bd. Naley pamita, e nie zawsze jest to miejsce, ktre "
"wymaga naprawy. W przykadzie bd jest wykryty na funkcji :func:`print`, "
"poniewa brakuje tu przed ni dwukropka (``':'``)."
msgid
""
"The file name (``<stdin>`` in our example) and line number are printed so "
"you know where to look in case the input came from a file."
msgstr
""
"Nazwa pliku (``<stdin>`` w naszym przykadzie) i numer linii s drukowane, "
"aby wiedzia(a), gdzie szuka, w przypadku, gdy dane wejciowe pochodz z "
"pliku."
msgid
"Exceptions"
msgstr
"Wyjtki"
msgid
""
"Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an "
"error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during "
"execution are called *exceptions* and are not unconditionally fatal: you "
"will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are "
"not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown "
"here::"
msgstr
""
"Nawet jeli instrukcja lub wyraenie jest poprawne skadniowo, moe ona "
"wywoa bd podczas prby jej wykonania. Bdy zauwaone podczas wykonania "
"programu s nazywane *wyjtkami* (exceptions) i nie zawsze s "
"niedopuszczalne: ju niedugo nauczysz w jaki sposb je obsugiwa. "
"Wikszo wyjtkw nie jest jednak obsugiwana przez program przez co "
"wywietlane s informacje o bdzie jak pokazano poniej::"
msgid
""
">>> 10 * (1/0)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n"
">>> 4 + spam*3\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"NameError: name 'spam' is not defined\n"
">>> '2' + 2\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not
\"
int
\"
) to str"
msgstr
""
">>> 10 * (1/0)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n"
">>> 4 + spam*3\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"NameError: name 'spam' is not defined\n"
">>> '2' + 2\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not
\"
int
\"
) to str"
msgid
""
"The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions come "
"in different types, and the type is printed as part of the message: the "
"types in the example are :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, :exc:`NameError` and :exc:"
"`TypeError`. The string printed as the exception type is the name of the "
"built-in exception that occurred. This is true for all built-in exceptions, "
"but need not be true for user-defined exceptions (although it is a useful "
"convention). Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved "
"keywords)."
msgstr
""
"Ostatni wiersz komunikatu o bdzie wskazuje, co si stao. Wyjtki "
"wystpuj w rnych typach, a typ jest drukowany jako cz komunikatu: typy "
"w przykadzie to :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, :exc:`NameError` i :exc:"
"`TypeError`. Cig wydrukowany jako typ wyjtku jest nazw wbudowanego "
"wyjtku, ktry wystpi. Jest to prawd dla wszystkich wbudowanych "
"wyjtkw, ale nie musi by prawd dla wyjtkw zdefiniowanych przez "
"uytkownika (cho jest to przydatna konwencja). Standardowe nazwy wyjtkw "
"s wbudowanymi identyfikatorami (nie zarezerwowanymi sowami kluczowymi)."
msgid
""
"The rest of the line provides detail based on the type of exception and what "
"caused it."
msgstr
""
"Pozostaa cz linii dostarcza szczegw na temat typu wyjtku oraz "
"informacji, co go spowodowao."
msgid
""
"The preceding part of the error message shows the context where the "
"exception occurred, in the form of a stack traceback. In general it contains "
"a stack traceback listing source lines; however, it will not display lines "
"read from standard input."
msgstr
""
"Wczeniejsza cz komunikatu o bdzie pokazuje kontekst, w ktrym wystpi "
"wyjtek, w postaci ladu stosu. Oglnie rzecz biorc, zawiera on lad stosu "
"z list linii rdowych; jednak nie wywietli linii odczytanych ze "
"standardowego wejcia."
msgid
""
":ref:`bltin-exceptions` lists the built-in exceptions and their meanings."
msgstr
":ref:`bltin-exceptions` wymienia wbudowane wyjtki i ich znaczenie."
msgid
"Handling Exceptions"
msgstr
"Obsuga wyjtkw"
msgid
""
"It is possible to write programs that handle selected exceptions. Look at "
"the following example, which asks the user for input until a valid integer "
"has been entered, but allows the user to interrupt the program (using :kbd:"
"`Control-C` or whatever the operating system supports); note that a user-"
"generated interruption is signalled by raising the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` "
"exception. ::"
msgstr
""
"Moliwe jest pisanie programw, ktre obsuguj wybrane wyjtki. Spjrzmy na "
"poniszy przykad, ktry prosi uytkownika o wprowadzenie danych, dopki nie "
"zostanie wprowadzona poprawna liczba cakowita, ale pozwala uytkownikowi na "
"przerwanie programu (przy uyciu :kbd:`Control-C` lub czegokolwiek innego "
"obsugiwanego przez system operacyjny); zauwa, e przerwanie wygenerowane "
"przez uytkownika jest sygnalizowane przez podniesienie wyjtku :exc:"
"`KeyboardInterrupt`. ::"
msgid
""
">>> while True:\n"
"... try:\n"
"... x = int(input(
\"
Please enter a number:
\"
))\n"
"... break\n"
"... except ValueError:\n"
"... print(
\"
Oops! That was no valid number. Try again...
\"
)\n"
"..."
msgstr
""
">>> while True:\n"
"... try:\n"
"... x = int(input(
\"
Prosz podaj liczb:
\"
))\n"
"... break\n"
"... except ValueError:\n"
"... print(
\"
Ups! To nie bya poprawna liczba. Sprbuj ponownie..."
"
\"
)\n"
"..."
msgid
"The :keyword:`try` statement works as follows."
msgstr
"Instrukcja :keyword:`try` dziaa nastpujco."
msgid
""
"First, the *try clause* (the statement(s) between the :keyword:`try` and :"
"keyword:`except` keywords) is executed."
msgstr
""
"W pierwszej kolejnoci wykonywane s instrukcje pod klauzul *try* - "
"pomidzy sowami kluczowymi :keyword:`try` i :keyword:`except`."
msgid
""
"If no exception occurs, the *except clause* is skipped and execution of the :"
"keyword:`try` statement is finished."
msgstr
""
"Jeeli nie wystpi aden wyjtek, klauzula *except* jest pomijana i zostaje "
"zakoczone wykonywanie instrukcji :keyword:`try`."
msgid
""
"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`try` clause, the "
"rest of the clause is skipped. Then, if its type matches the exception "
"named after the :keyword:`except` keyword, the *except clause* is executed, "
"and then execution continues after the try/except block."
msgstr
""
"Jeli wyjtek wystpi podczas wykonywania klauzuli :keyword:`try`, reszta "
"klauzuli jest pomijana. Nastpnie, jeli jego typ pasuje do wyjtku "
"nazwanego po sowie kluczowym :keyword:`except`, wykonywana jest *klauzula "
"except*, a nastpnie wykonanie jest kontynuowane po bloku try/except."
msgid
""
"If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the "
"*except clause*, it is passed on to outer :keyword:`try` statements; if no "
"handler is found, it is an *unhandled exception* and execution stops with an "
"error message."
msgstr
""
"Jeli wystpi wyjtek, ktry nie pasuje do wyjtku nazwanego w *klauzuli "
"except*, jest on przekazywany do zewntrznych instrukcji :keyword:`try`; "
"jeli nie zostanie znaleziona obsuga, jest to *nieobsuony wyjtek* i "
"wykonanie zatrzymuje si z komunikatem bdu."
msgid
""
"A :keyword:`try` statement may have more than one *except clause*, to "
"specify handlers for different exceptions. At most one handler will be "
"executed. Handlers only handle exceptions that occur in the corresponding "
"*try clause*, not in other handlers of the same :keyword:`!try` statement. "
"An *except clause* may name multiple exceptions as a parenthesized tuple, "
"for example::"
msgstr
""
"Instrukcja :keyword:`try` moe mie wicej ni jedn *klauzul except*, aby "
"okreli programy obsugi dla rnych wyjtkw. Wykonany zostanie co "
"najwyej jeden handler. Obsugiwane s tylko wyjtki, ktre wystpuj w "
"odpowiadajcych im *klauzulach try*, a nie w kodzie obsugi tej samej "
"instrukcji :keyword:`!try`. *Klauzula except* moe okrela wiele wyjtkw "
"krotk w nawiasach, na przykad::"
msgid
""
"... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):\n"
"... pass"
msgstr
""
"... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):\n"
"... pass"
msgid
""
"A class in an :keyword:`except` clause matches exceptions which are "
"instances of the class itself or one of its derived classes (but not the "
"other way around --- an *except clause* listing a derived class does not "
"match instances of its base classes). For example, the following code will "
"print B, C, D in that order::"
msgstr
""
"Klasa w klauzuli :keyword:`except` obsuguje wyjtki, ktre s instancjami "
"samej klasy lub jednej z jej klas pochodnych (ale nie na odwrt --- "
"*klauzula except* wymieniajca klas pochodn nie obsuy instancji jej klas "
"bazowych). Na przykad, poniszy kod wypisze B, C, D w tej kolejnoci::"
msgid
""
"class B(Exception):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class C(B):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class D(C):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"for cls in [B, C, D]:\n"
" try:\n"
" raise cls()\n"
" except D:\n"
" print(
\"
D
\"
)\n"
" except C:\n"
" print(
\"
C
\"
)\n"
" except B:\n"
" print(
\"
B
\"
)"
msgstr
""
"class B(Exception):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class C(B):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class D(C):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"for cls in [B, C, D]:\n"
" try:\n"
" raise cls()\n"
" except D:\n"
" print(
\"
D
\"
)\n"
" except C:\n"
" print(
\"
C
\"
)\n"
" except B:\n"
" print(
\"
B
\"
)"
msgid
""
"Note that if the *except clauses* were reversed (with ``except B`` first), "
"it would have printed B, B, B --- the first matching *except clause* is "
"triggered."
msgstr
""
"Zauwa, e jeli *klauzule except* byyby odwrcone (z ``except B`` na "
"pierwszym miejscu), wypisane zostaoby B, B, B --- uruchamiana jest pierwsza "
"pasujca *klauzula except*."
msgid
""
"When an exception occurs, it may have associated values, also known as the "
"exception's *arguments*. The presence and types of the arguments depend on "
"the exception type."
msgstr
""
"Gdy wystpi wyjtek, moe on mie powizane wartoci, znane rwnie jako "
"*argumenty* wyjtku. Obecno i typy argumentw zale od typu wyjtku."
msgid
""
"The *except clause* may specify a variable after the exception name. The "
"variable is bound to the exception instance which typically has an ``args`` "
"attribute that stores the arguments. For convenience, builtin exception "
"types define :meth:`~object.__str__` to print all the arguments without "
"explicitly accessing ``.args``. ::"
msgstr
""
"*Klauzula except* moe okrela nazw zmiennej po nazwie wyjtku. Zmienna "
"jest powizana z instancj wyjtku, ktra zazwyczaj posiada atrybut ``args`` "
"przechowujcy argumenty. Dla wygody, typy wyjtkw wbudowanych definiuj :"
"meth:`~object.__str__` drukujc wszystkie argumenty bez odwoywania si do "
"``.args``. ::"
msgid
""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"... except Exception as inst:\n"
"... print(type(inst)) # the exception type\n"
"... print(inst.args) # arguments stored in .args\n"
"... print(inst) # __str__ allows args to be printed directly,\n"
"... # but may be overridden in exception "
"subclasses\n"
"... x, y = inst.args # unpack args\n"
"... print('x =', x)\n"
"... print('y =', y)\n"
"...\n"
"<class 'Exception'>\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"x = spam\n"
"y = eggs"
msgstr
""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise Exception('konserwa', 'jajka')\n"
"... except Exception as inst:\n"
"... print(type(inst)) # typ wyjtku\n"
"... print(inst.args) # argumenty przechowywane w .args\n"
"... print(inst) # metoda __str__ pozwala na wypisanie args "
"bezporednio,\n"
"... # ale jej definicja moe by nadpisana w "
"klasach dziedziczcych\n"
"... x, y = inst.args # rozpakowanie argumentw\n"
"... print('x =', x)\n"
"... print('y =', y)\n"
"...\n"
"<class 'Exception'>\n"
"('konserwa', 'jajka')\n"
"('konserwa', 'jajka')\n"
"x = konserwa\n"
"y = jajka"
msgid
""
"The exception's :meth:`~object.__str__` output is printed as the last part "
"('detail') of the message for unhandled exceptions."
msgstr
""
"Dane wyjciowe metody :meth:`~object.__str__` wyjtku s drukowane jako "
"ostatnia cz ('szczegy') komunikatu dla nieobsuonych wyjtkw."
msgid
""
":exc:`BaseException` is the common base class of all exceptions. One of its "
"subclasses, :exc:`Exception`, is the base class of all the non-fatal "
"exceptions. Exceptions which are not subclasses of :exc:`Exception` are not "
"typically handled, because they are used to indicate that the program should "
"terminate. They include :exc:`SystemExit` which is raised by :meth:`sys."
"exit` and :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` which is raised when a user wishes to "
"interrupt the program."
msgstr
""
":exc:`BaseException` jest wspln klas bazow wszystkich wyjtkw. Jedna z "
"jej podklas, :exc:`Exception`, jest klas bazow wszystkich nie-fatalnych "
"wyjtkw. Wyjtki, ktre nie s podklasami :exc:`Exception` nie s zazwyczaj "
"obsugiwane, poniewa s uywane do wskazania, e program powinien si "
"zakoczy. Obejmuj one :exc:`SystemExit`, ktry jest rzucany przez :meth:"
"`sys.exit` i :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`, ktre s rzucane, gdy uytkownik chce "
"przerwa program."
msgid
""
":exc:`Exception` can be used as a wildcard that catches (almost) everything. "
"However, it is good practice to be as specific as possible with the types of "
"exceptions that we intend to handle, and to allow any unexpected exceptions "
"to propagate on."
msgstr
""
":exc:`Exception` moe by uywany jako symbol wieloznaczny, ktry "
"przechwytuje (prawie) wszystko. Dobr praktyk jest jednak jak "
"najdokadniejsze okrelenie typw wyjtkw, ktre zamierzamy obsugiwa, i "
"umoliwienie propagacji wszelkim nieoczekiwanym wyjtkom."
msgid
""
"The most common pattern for handling :exc:`Exception` is to print or log the "
"exception and then re-raise it (allowing a caller to handle the exception as "
"well)::"
msgstr
""
"Najczstszym wzorcem obsugi :exc:`Exception` jest drukowanie lub "
"umieszczenie wyjtku w logach, a nastpnie ponowne rzucenie go (umoliwiajc "
"rwnie obsug wyjtku funkcji, w ktrej znajduje si wywoanie)::"
msgid
""
"import sys\n"
"\n"
"try:\n"
" f = open('myfile.txt')\n"
" s = f.readline()\n"
" i = int(s.strip())\n"
"except OSError as err:\n"
" print(
\"
OS error:
\"
, err)\n"
"except ValueError:\n"
" print(
\"
Could not convert data to an integer.
\"
)\n"
"except Exception as err:\n"
" print(f
\"
Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}
\"
)\n"
" raise"
msgstr
""
"import sys\n"
"\n"
"try:\n"
" f = open('moj_plik.txt')\n"
" s = f.readline()\n"
" i = int(s.strip())\n"
"except OSError as err:\n"
" print(
\"
Bd OS:
\"
, err)\n"
"except ValueError:\n"
" print(
\"
Nie udao si przekonwertowa danych na liczb cakowit.
\"
)\n"
"except Exception as err:\n"
" print(f
\"
Nieoczekiwany {err=}, {type(err)=}
\"
)\n"
" raise"
msgid
""
"The :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` statement has an optional *else "
"clause*, which, when present, must follow all *except clauses*. It is "
"useful for code that must be executed if the *try clause* does not raise an "
"exception. For example::"
msgstr
""
"Instrukcja :keyword:`try` :keyword:`except` posiada opcjonaln *klauzul "
"else*, ktra, gdy jest obecna, musi nastpowa po wszystkich *klauzulach "
"except*. Jest to przydatne w przypadku kodu, ktry musi zosta wykonany, "
"jeli *klauzula try* nie rzuci wyjtku. Na przykad::"
msgid
""
"for arg in sys.argv[1:]:\n"
" try:\n"
" f = open(arg, 'r')\n"
" except OSError:\n"
" print('cannot open', arg)\n"
" else:\n"
" print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')\n"
" f.close()"
msgstr
""
"for arg in sys.argv[1:]:\n"
" try:\n"
" f = open(arg, 'r')\n"
" except OSError:\n"
" print('nie mog otworzy', arg)\n"
" else:\n"
" print(arg, 'ma', len(f.readlines()), 'linii')\n"
" f.close()"
msgid
""
"The use of the :keyword:`!else` clause is better than adding additional code "
"to the :keyword:`try` clause because it avoids accidentally catching an "
"exception that wasn't raised by the code being protected by the :keyword:`!"
"try` ... :keyword:`!except` statement."
msgstr
""
"Uycie klauzuli :keyword:`!else` jest lepsze ni dodanie dodatkowego kodu do "
"klauzuli :keyword:`try`, poniewa pozwala unikn przypadkowego wychwycenia "
"wyjtku, ktry nie zosta rzucony przez kod chroniony instrukcj :keyword:`!"
"try` :keyword:`!except`."
msgid
""
"Exception handlers do not handle only exceptions that occur immediately in "
"the *try clause*, but also those that occur inside functions that are called "
"(even indirectly) in the *try clause*. For example::"
msgstr
""
"Instrukcja `try` `catch` nie obsuguje tylko wyjtkw, ktre wystpuj "
"bezporednio w *klauzuli try*, ale take te, ktre wystpuj wewntrz "
"funkcji, ktre s wywoywane (nawet porednio) w *klauzuli try*. Na "
"przykad::"
msgid
""
">>> def this_fails():\n"
"... x = 1/0\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... this_fails()\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError as err:\n"
"... print('Handling run-time error:', err)\n"
"...\n"
"Handling run-time error: division by zero"
msgstr
""
">>> def this_fails():\n"
"... x = 1/0\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... this_fails()\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError as err:\n"
"... print('Bd w czasie wykonania:', err)\n"
"...\n"
"Bd w czasie wykonania: division by zero"
msgid
"Raising Exceptions"
msgstr
"Rzucanie wyjtkw"
msgid
""
"The :keyword:`raise` statement allows the programmer to force a specified "
"exception to occur. For example::"
msgstr
""
"Instrukcja :keyword:`raise` pozwala programicie wymusi wystpienie "
"danego wyjtku. Na przykad::"
msgid
""
">>> raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
msgstr
""
">>> raise NameError('Cze!')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
"NameError: Cze!"
msgid
""
"The sole argument to :keyword:`raise` indicates the exception to be raised. "
"This must be either an exception instance or an exception class (a class "
"that derives from :class:`BaseException`, such as :exc:`Exception` or one of "
"its subclasses). If an exception class is passed, it will be implicitly "
"instantiated by calling its constructor with no arguments::"
msgstr
""
"Jedyny argument do :keyword:`raise` wskazuje wyjtek, ktry ma by rzucony. "
"Musi to by albo instancja wyjtku, albo klasa wyjtku (klasa dziedziczca "
"z :class:`BaseException`, taka jak :exc:`Exception` lub jedna z jej "
"podklas). Jeli przekazana zostanie klasa wyjtku, zostanie ona niejawnie "
"zainicjowana przez wywoanie jej konstruktora bez argumentw::"
msgid
"raise ValueError # shorthand for 'raise ValueError()'"
msgstr
"raise ValueError # skrt dla 'raise ValueError()'"
msgid
""
"If you need to determine whether an exception was raised but don't intend to "
"handle it, a simpler form of the :keyword:`raise` statement allows you to re-"
"raise the exception::"
msgstr
""
"Jeli chcesz rozpozna, czy wyjtek zosta rzucony, ale nie zamierzasz go "
"obsugiwa, prostsza forma instrukcji :keyword:`raise` pozwala na ponowne "
"rzucenie wyjtku::"
msgid
""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"... except NameError:\n"
"... print('An exception flew by!')\n"
"... raise\n"
"...\n"
"An exception flew by!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
msgstr
""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise NameError('Cze!')\n"
"... except NameError:\n"
"... print('Min mnie wyjtek!')\n"
"... raise\n"
"...\n"
"Min mnie wyjtek!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
"NameError: Cze!"
msgid
"Exception Chaining"
msgstr
"acuch wyjtkw"
msgid
""
"If an unhandled exception occurs inside an :keyword:`except` section, it "
"will have the exception being handled attached to it and included in the "
"error message::"
msgstr
""
"Jeli nieobsuony wyjtek wystpi wewntrz sekcji :keyword:`except`, "
"zostanie do niego doczony obsugiwany wyjtek i uwzgldniony w komunikacie "
"o bdzie::"
msgid
""
">>> try:\n"
"... open(
\"
database.sqlite
\"
)\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError(
\"
unable to handle error
\"
)\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
"FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'\n"
"\n"
"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 4, in <module>\n"
"RuntimeError: unable to handle error"
msgstr
""
">>> try:\n"
"... open(
\"
database.sqlite
\"
)\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError(
\"
nie udao si obsuy bdu
\"
)\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
"FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'\n"
"\n"
"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 4, in <module>\n"
"RuntimeError: nie udao si obsuy bdu"
msgid
""
"To indicate that an exception is a direct consequence of another, the :"
"keyword:`raise` statement allows an optional :keyword:`from<raise>` clause::"
msgstr
""
"Aby wskaza, e wyjtek jest bezporedni konsekwencj innego, instrukcja :"
"keyword:`raise` dopuszcza opcjonaln klauzul :keyword:`from<raise>`::"
msgid
""
"# exc must be exception instance or None.\n"
"raise RuntimeError from exc"
msgstr
""
"# exc musi by instancj klasy Exception albo mie warto None\n"
"raise RuntimeError from exc"
msgid
"This can be useful when you are transforming exceptions. For example::"
msgstr
"Moe to by przydatne podczas przeksztacania wyjtkw. Na przykad::"
msgid
""
">>> def func():\n"
"... raise ConnectionError\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... func()\n"
"... except ConnectionError as exc:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in func\n"
"ConnectionError\n"
"\n"
"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 4, in <module>\n"
"RuntimeError: Failed to open database"
msgstr
""
">>> def func():\n"
"... raise ConnectionError\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... func()\n"
"... except ConnectionError as exc:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError('Nie udao si otworzy bazy danych') from exc\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in func\n"
"ConnectionError\n"
"\n"
"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 4, in <module>\n"
"RuntimeError: Nie udao si otworzy bazy danych"
msgid
""
"It also allows disabling automatic exception chaining using the ``from "
"None`` idiom::"
msgstr
""
"Umoliwia rwnie wyczenie automatycznego czenia wyjtkw przy uyciu "
"idiomu ``from None``::"
msgid
""
">>> try:\n"
"... open('database.sqlite')\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 4, in <module>\n"
"RuntimeError"
msgstr
""
">>> try:\n"
"... open('database.sqlite')\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 4, in <module>\n"
"RuntimeError"
msgid
""
"For more information about chaining mechanics, see :ref:`bltin-exceptions`."
msgstr
""
"Wicej informacji na temat mechaniki czenia w acuchy mona znale w "
"rozdziale :ref:`bltin-exceptions`."
msgid
"User-defined Exceptions"
msgstr
"Wyjtki zdefiniowane przez uytkownika"
msgid
""
"Programs may name their own exceptions by creating a new exception class "
"(see :ref:`tut-classes` for more about Python classes). Exceptions should "
"typically be derived from the :exc:`Exception` class, either directly or "
"indirectly."
msgstr
""
"Programy mog nazywa wasne wyjtki, tworzc now klas wyjtkw (wicej "
"informacji na temat klas Python mona znale w rozdziale :ref:`tut-"
"classes`). Wyjtki powinny zazwyczaj dziedziczy z klasy :exc:`Exception`, "
"bezporednio lub porednio."
msgid
""
"Exception classes can be defined which do anything any other class can do, "
"but are usually kept simple, often only offering a number of attributes that "
"allow information about the error to be extracted by handlers for the "
"exception."
msgstr
""
"Mona zdefiniowa klasy wyjtkw, ktre robi wszystko, co moe zrobi kada "
"inna klasa, ale zwykle s one proste, czsto oferujc tylko kilka atrybutw, "
"ktre pozwalaj na wyodrbnienie informacji o bdzie przez kod obsugi "
"wyjtku."
msgid
""
"Most exceptions are defined with names that end in
\"
Error
\"
, similar to the "
"naming of the standard exceptions."
msgstr
""
"Wikszo wyjtkw ma nazwy koczce si na Error, podobnie jak w "
"przypadku standardowych wyjtkw."
msgid
""
"Many standard modules define their own exceptions to report errors that may "
"occur in functions they define."
msgstr
""
"Wiele standardowych moduw definiuje wasne wyjtki w celu zgaszania "
"bdw, ktre mog wystpi w zdefiniowanych w nich funkcjach."
msgid
"Defining Clean-up Actions"
msgstr
"Definiowanie dziaa porzdkujcych"
msgid
""
"The :keyword:`try` statement has another optional clause which is intended "
"to define clean-up actions that must be executed under all circumstances. "
"For example::"
msgstr
""
"Instrukcja :keyword:`try` ma inn opcjonaln klauzul, ktra jest "
"przeznaczona do definiowania dziaa porzdkujcych, ktre musz by "
"wykonane w kadych okolicznociach. Na przykad::"
msgid
""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print('Goodbye, world!')\n"
"...\n"
"Goodbye, world!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
"KeyboardInterrupt"
msgstr
""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print('egnaj, wiecie!')\n"
"...\n"
"egnaj, wiecie!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 2, in <module>\n"
"KeyboardInterrupt"
msgid
""
"If a :keyword:`finally` clause is present, the :keyword:`!finally` clause "
"will execute as the last task before the :keyword:`try` statement completes. "
"The :keyword:`!finally` clause runs whether or not the :keyword:`!try` "
"statement produces an exception. The following points discuss more complex "
"cases when an exception occurs:"
msgstr
""
"Jeli klauzula :keyword:`finally` jest obecna, klauzula :keyword:`!finally` "
"wykona si jako ostatnie zadanie przed zakoczeniem instrukcji :keyword:"
"`try`. Klauzula :keyword:`!finally` uruchomi si niezalenie od tego, czy "
"instrukcja :keyword:`!try` spowoduje wyjtek. Ponisze punkty omawiaj "
"bardziej zoone przypadki wystpienia wyjtku:"
msgid
""
"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`!try` clause, the "
"exception may be handled by an :keyword:`except` clause. If the exception is "
"not handled by an :keyword:`!except` clause, the exception is re-raised "
"after the :keyword:`!finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr
""
"Jeli podczas wykonywania klauzuli :keyword:`!try` wystpi wyjtek, moe on "
"zosta obsuony przez klauzul :keyword:`except`. Jeli wyjtek nie "
"zostanie obsuony przez klauzul :keyword:`!except`, zostanie on ponownie "
"rzucony po wykonaniu klauzuli :keyword:`!finally`."
msgid
""
"An exception could occur during execution of an :keyword:`!except` or :"
"keyword:`!else` clause. Again, the exception is re-raised after the :keyword:"
"`!finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr
""
"Wyjtek moe wystpi podczas wykonywania klauzul :keyword:`!except` lub :"
"keyword:`!else`. Ponownie, wyjtek jest ponownie rzucany po wykonaniu "
"klauzuli :keyword:`!finally`."
msgid
""
"If the :keyword:`!finally` clause executes a :keyword:`break`, :keyword:"
"`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, exceptions are not re-raised."
msgstr
""
"Jeli klauzula :keyword:`!finally` wykonuje instrukcje :keyword:`break`, :"
"keyword:`continue` lub :keyword:`return`, wyjtki nie s ponownie rzucane."
msgid
""
"If the :keyword:`!try` statement reaches a :keyword:`break`, :keyword:"
"`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, the :keyword:`!finally` clause "
"will execute just prior to the :keyword:`!break`, :keyword:`!continue` or :"
"keyword:`!return` statement's execution."
msgstr
""
"Jeli instrukcja :keyword:`!try` osignie instrukcj :keyword:`break`, :"
"keyword:`continue` lub :keyword:`return`, klauzula :keyword:`!finally` "
"wykona si tu przed wykonaniem instrukcji :keyword:`!break`, :keyword:`!"
"continue` lub :keyword:`!return`."
msgid
""
"If a :keyword:`!finally` clause includes a :keyword:`!return` statement, the "
"returned value will be the one from the :keyword:`!finally` clause's :"
"keyword:`!return` statement, not the value from the :keyword:`!try` "
"clause's :keyword:`!return` statement."
msgstr
""
"Jeli klauzula :keyword:`!finally` zawiera instrukcj :keyword:`!return`, "
"zwrcon wartoci bdzie ta z instrukcji :keyword:`!return` klauzuli :"
"keyword:`!finally`, a nie warto z instrukcji :keyword:`!return` klauzuli :"
"keyword:`!try`."
msgid
"For example::"
msgstr
"Dla przykadu::"
msgid
""
">>> def bool_return():\n"
"... try:\n"
"... return True\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... return False\n"
"...\n"
">>> bool_return()\n"
"False"
msgstr
""
">>> def bool_return():\n"
"... try:\n"
"... return True\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... return False\n"
"...\n"
">>> bool_return()\n"
"False"
msgid
"A more complicated example::"
msgstr
"Bardziej skomplikowany przykad::"
msgid
""
">>> def divide(x, y):\n"
"... try:\n"
"... result = x / y\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"... print(
\"
division by zero!
\"
)\n"
"... else:\n"
"... print(
\"
result is
\"
, result)\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print(
\"
executing finally clause
\"
)\n"
"...\n"
">>> divide(2, 1)\n"
"result is 2.0\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(2, 0)\n"
"division by zero!\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(
\"
2
\"
,
\"
1
\"
)\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 3, in divide\n"
"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'"
msgstr
""
">>> def divide(x, y):\n"
"... try:\n"
"... result = x / y\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"... print(
\"
dzielenie przez zero!
\"
)\n"
"... else:\n"
"... print(
\"
wynik to
\"
, result)\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print(
\"
wykonanie klauzuli finally
\"
)\n"
"...\n"
">>> divide(2, 1)\n"
"wynik to 2.0\n"
"wykonanie klauzuli finally\n"
">>> divide(2, 0)\n"
"dzielenie przez zero!\n"
"wykonanie klauzuli finally\n"
">>> divide(
\"
2
\"
,
\"
1
\"
)\n"
"wykonanie klauzuli finally\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 1, in <module>\n"
" File
\"
<stdin>
\"
, line 3, in divide\n"
"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'"
msgid
""
"As you can see, the :keyword:`finally` clause is executed in any event. "
"The :exc:`TypeError` raised by dividing two strings is not handled by the :"
"keyword:`except` clause and therefore re-raised after the :keyword:`!"
"finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr
""
"Jak wida, klauzula :keyword:`finally` jest wykonywana w kadym przypadku. :"
"exc:`TypeError` rzucony przez dzielenie dwch cigw znakw nie jest "
"obsuony przez klauzul :keyword:`except` i dlatego jest ponownie rzucony "
"po wykonaniu klauzuli :keyword:`!finally`."
msgid
""
"In real world applications, the :keyword:`finally` clause is useful for "
"releasing external resources (such as files or network connections), "
"regardless of whether the use of the resource was successful."
msgstr
""
"W prawdziwych aplikacjach, klauzula :keyword:`finally` jest przydatna do "
"zwalniania zewntrznych zasobw (takich jak pliki lub poczenia sieciowe), "
"niezalenie od tego, czy uycie zasobu zakoczyo si powodzeniem."
msgid
"Predefined Clean-up Actions"
msgstr
"Predefiniowane akcje porzdkujce"
msgid
""
"Some objects define standard clean-up actions to be undertaken when the "
"object is no longer needed, regardless of whether or not the operation using "
"the object succeeded or failed. Look at the following example, which tries "
"to open a file and print its contents to the screen. ::"
msgstr
""
"Niektre obiekty definiuj standardowe akcje porzdkujce, ktre maj zosta "
"podjte, gdy obiekt nie jest ju potrzebny, niezalenie od tego, czy "
"operacja przy uyciu obiektu powioda si, czy nie. Spjrz na poniszy "
"przykad, ktry prbuje otworzy plik i wydrukowa jego zawarto na "
"ekranie::"
msgid
""
"for line in open(
\"
myfile.txt
\"
):\n"
" print(line, end=
\"\"
)"
msgstr
""
"for line in open(
\"
moj_plik.txt
\"
):\n"
" print(line, end=
\"\"
)"
msgid
""
"The problem with this code is that it leaves the file open for an "
"indeterminate amount of time after this part of the code has finished "
"executing. This is not an issue in simple scripts, but can be a problem for "
"larger applications. The :keyword:`with` statement allows objects like files "
"to be used in a way that ensures they are always cleaned up promptly and "
"correctly. ::"
msgstr
""
"Problem z tym kodem polega na tym, e pozostawia on plik otwarty przez "
"nieokrelony czas po zakoczeniu wykonywania tej czci kodu. Nie jest to "
"problemem w prostych skryptach, ale moe by problemem dla wikszych "
"aplikacjach. Instrukcja :keyword:`with` pozwala na uywanie obiektw takich "
"jak pliki w sposb, ktry zapewnia, e s one zawsze czyszczone szybko i "
"poprawnie::"
msgid
""
"with open(
\"
myfile.txt
\"
) as f:\n"
" for line in f:\n"
" print(line, end=
\"\"
)"
msgstr
""
"with open(
\"
moj_plik.txt
\"
) as f:\n"
" for line in f:\n"
" print(line, end=
\"\"
)"
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