++

C++ , C++.

, C++, (new/delete) .

, C++ .

( C++20)

C++, .

, ( C++11).

, , ( C++14) .

( C++11)

, , , , C++, ( C++11) .

, : char, char8_t ( C++20), char16_t, char32_t ( C++11), wchar_t .

, , ( C++20) C++ .

, . valarray n , , . . ( C++11)

.

/ iostream, C++. , , .

.

, , .

( C++11)

C++ , C++, .

, operator new operator delete, std , std ( C, ). , , , . ( C++11)

C++ ( ) . , , < > , .

C++ C++ C++ C ( ''):

++
<algorithm>	<iomanip>	<list>	<queue>	<string>
<bitset>	<ios>	<locale>	<set>	<strstream>
<complex>	<iosfwd>	<map>	<sstream>	<typeinfo>
<deque>	<iostream>	<memory>	<stack>	<utility>
<exception>	<istream>	<new>	<stdexcept>	<valarray>
<fstream>	<iterator>	<numeric>	<streambuf>	<vector>
<functional>	<limits>	<ostream>
, C++11
<array>	<condition_variable>	<mutex>	<scoped_allocator>	<type_traits>
<atomic>	<forward_list>	<random>	<system_error>	<typeindex>
<chrono>	<future>	<ratio>	<thread>	<unordered_map>
<codecvt>	<initializer_list>	<regex>	<tuple>	<unordered_set>
, C++14
<shared_mutex>
, C++17
<any>	<filesystem>	<optional>	<string_view>	<variant>
<execution>	<memory_resource>
, C++20
<barrier>	<concepts>	<latch>	<semaphore>	<stop_token>
<bit>	<coroutine>	<numbers>	<source_location>	<syncstream>
<charconv>	<format>	<ranges>	<span>	<version>
<compare>
, C++23
<expected>	<flat_set>	<mdspan>	<spanstream>	<stdfloat>
<flat_map>	<generator>	<print>	<stacktrace>

C++ C
<cassert>	<clocale>	<cstdarg>	<cstring>
<cctype>	<cmath>	<cstddef>	<ctime>
<cerrno>	<csetjmp>	<cstdio>	<cwchar>
<cfloat>	<csignal>	<cstdlib>	<cwctype>
<climits>
, C++20
<ciso646>
, C++11
<cfenv>	<cinttypes>	<cstdint>	<cuchar>
, C++11, C++17 C++20
<ccomplex>	<cstdalign>	<cstdbool>	<ctgmath>

, , .

C

C++ C, . C .

, C++, C, , ( , restrict C) ( C++17) , .

C C++ C, . . , C++ , ISO C. , , ISO C, C. .

C
<assert.h>	<limits.h>	<stdarg.h>	<string.h>
<ctype.h>	<locale.h>	<stddef.h>	<time.h>
<errno.h>	<math.h>	<stdio.h>	<wchar.h>
<float.h>	<setjmp.h>	<stdlib.h>	<wctype.h>
<iso646.h>	<signal.h>
, C++11
<complex.h>	<inttypes.h>	<stdbool.h>	<tgmath.h>
<fenv.h>	<stdalign.h>	<stdint.h>	<uchar.h>
, C++23
<stdatomic.h>

, cxxx , xxx.h, C. C++ ( , C) std. , ( ) , std using-.

, C (assert, offsetof, setjmp, va_arg, va_end va_start) C++, C .

, C, C++. , C, . C++ .

, C++, C++. , <iso646.h> .

, C ( C++17)

- C++, , - K C ( std):

C K
abort_handler_s	mbstowcs_s	strncat_s	vswscanf_s
asctime_s	memcpy_s	strncpy_s	vwprintf_s
bsearch_s	memmove_s	strtok_s	vwscanf_s
constraint_handler_t	memset_s	swprintf_s	wcrtomb_s
ctime_s	printf_s	swscanf_s	wcscat_s
errno_t	qsort_s	tmpfile_s	wcscpy_s
fopen_s	RSIZE_MAX	TMP_MAX_S	wcsncat_s
fprintf_s	rsize_t	tmpnam_s	wcsncpy_s
freopen_s	scanf_s	vfprintf_s	wcsnlen_s
fscanf_s	set_constraint_handler_s	vfscanf_s	wcsrtombs_s
fwprintf_s	snprintf_s	vfwprintf_s	wcstok_s
fwscanf_s	snwprintf_s	vfwscanf_s	wcstombs_s
gets_s	sscanf_s	vprintf_s	wmemcpy_s
gmtime_s	mbstowcs_s	vscanf_s	vswscanf_s
abort_handler_s	strcat_s	vsnprintf_s	wmemmove
ignore_handler_s	strcpy_s	vsnwprintf_s	wprintf_s
localtime_s	strerrorlen_s	vsprintf_s	wscanf_s
L_tmpnam_s	strerror_s	vsscanf_s
mbsrtowcs_s	strlen_s	vswprintf_s

C++ , , #include.

. , , , <cassert> <assert.h> NDEBUG.

- , . .

.

( C++20)

C++, , , , , C++.

C++ , .

( C++20)

C++ C++ :

std std, C++ (, std::rotr <bit>) C++ C (, std::puts <cstdio>). , , <new> (, ::operator new).
std.compat , std, , std, C++ C (, ::fclose).

, , ,
, , C++.


`__cpp_lib_modules`	`202207L`	(C++23)	`std` `std.compat`

( C++23)

C++ . , extern "C++" .

extern "C" extern "C++" C, , . C++ extern "C++".

, C++, .

C++ ,

, , -, .

, (, NULL), .

, , C, , #if .

, , . , , C++.

, , .

, , , , .

() () () .

constexpr, constexpr (libstdc++ cmath ). - constexpr, .

, :

C++ ( ) , , , ( ) , this.
C++ ( ) , , , ( ) , this.
- , , , .
C++ , -, , -.
, - , , .
- , , , , .
C++ , , .
- .

( C++11)

, C++, , , C++,

, virtual,
, virtual,
, .

, , C++, final.

( C++11)

, C++, , ( ) , , .

C , , (qsort() bsearch() ).

, C++, . C++ , , .

C++ std::error_code, category() std::system_category() , , std::error_category , - . value() .

, C++, . . , , .

, C++, . , , .

( C++11)

, - C++ inline.

- C++ - , -, , , . , :

,
- -
-.

, , C++ .

C++ , .

( C++11)

, - C++ C++.

, , .

C++ , . , C++, C++, , .

, C++, , , , , std::exception , std::exception.

, , .

C++:


LWG 1	C++98	C
LWG 119	C++98
LWG 147	C++98	, ,
LWG 225	C++98	, , - ,	,
LWG 336	C++98	<strstream> C++	C++
LWG 343	C++98		( )
LWG 456	C++98	C++ C `std`	, `std`
LWG 465	C++98	, C++, C++ ( <ciso646>, )	C++
LWG 1178	C++98	C++ C++,	C++ ,
LWG 2013	C++11	, , constexpr, `constexpr`







(C++20)

(C++20)
(C++11)





(C++20)


/

(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++17)

cppreference.com

++

C

, C ( C++17)