NativeScript
diff --git a/packages/core/application/activity-lifecycle.android.spec.ts b/packages/core/application/activity-lifecycle.android.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+// `application.android.ts` registers deferred event wiring while it loads, through a hook the
+// `NativeScriptGlobals` stub in `vitest.setup.ts` does not carry. Hoisted so it lands before
+// the import below.
+vi.hoisted(() => {
+	(globalThis as any).NativeScriptGlobals.addEventWiring = () => {};
+});
+
+import { Observable } from '../data/observable';
+import { AndroidApplication } from './application.android';
+import type { NativeWindow } from '../native-window/native-window-common';
+
+/**
+ * `vitest.setup.ts` installs a `NativeScriptGlobals` whose event bus methods are no-ops, and
+ * `ApplicationCommon` binds them per instance. Swapping in a real Observable before each
+ * Application is constructed is what makes its events observable at all.
+ */
+function installApplicationEventBus(): Observable {
+	const events = new Observable();
+	const bus = (global.NativeScriptGlobals as any).events;
+
+	bus.on = events.on.bind(events);
+	bus.once = events.once.bind(events);
+	bus.off = events.off.bind(events);
+	bus.notify = events.notify.bind(events);
+	bus.hasListeners = events.hasListeners.bind(events);
+
+	return events;
+}
+
+/** Nothing about the window itself reaches the aggregate — only its identity. */
+function createWindow(): NativeWindow {
+	return {} as unknown as NativeWindow;
+}
+
+describe('activity lifecycle aggregate', () => {
+	let app: AndroidApplication;
+	let order: string[];
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		installApplicationEventBus();
+		app = new AndroidApplication();
+
+		order = [];
+		for (const eventName of ['resume', 'suspend']) {
+			app.on(eventName, () => order.push(eventName));
+		}
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		vi.restoreAllMocks();
+		installApplicationEventBus();
+	});
+
+	it('raises each app-level event once as a single window moves through the lifecycle', () => {
+		const window = createWindow();
+
+		app._setWindowActive(window, true);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume']);
+		expect(app.suspended).toBe(false);
+
+		app._setWindowActive(window, false);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume', 'suspend']);
+		expect(app.suspended).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('raises only on the first window in and the last window out', () => {
+		const first = createWindow();
+		const second = createWindow();
+
+		app._setWindowActive(first, true);
+		app._setWindowActive(second, true);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume']);
+
+		// The window the user switched away from resigns while the other is still on screen.
+		app._setWindowActive(first, false);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume']);
+		expect(app.suspended).toBe(false);
+
+		app._setWindowActive(second, false);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume', 'suspend']);
+		expect(app.suspended).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('ignores repeated calls for the same window', () => {
+		const window = createWindow();
+
+		app._setWindowActive(window, true);
+		app._setWindowActive(window, true);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume']);
+
+		app._setWindowActive(window, false);
+		app._setWindowActive(window, false);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume', 'suspend']);
+	});
+
+	it('ignores a window resigning that never became active', () => {
+		const window = createWindow();
+		const other = createWindow();
+
+		app._setWindowActive(window, false);
+		expect(order).toEqual([]);
+
+		app._setWindowActive(window, true);
+		app._setWindowActive(other, false);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume']);
+	});
+
+	it('lets an activity with no registered window speak for the app while no window does', () => {
+		app._setWindowActive(undefined, true);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume']);
+
+		app._setWindowActive(undefined, false);
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume', 'suspend']);
+	});
+
+	it('does not let an activity with no registered window suspend an app another window holds active', () => {
+		const window = createWindow();
+
+		app._setWindowActive(window, true);
+		app._setWindowActive(undefined, false);
+
+		expect(order).toEqual(['resume']);
+		expect(app.suspended).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('carries the activity on the app-level event', () => {
+		const activity = {} as androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
+		const received: any[] = [];
+		app.on('resume', (args) => received.push(args));
+
+		app._setWindowActive(createWindow(), true, activity);
+
+		expect(received).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(received[0].activity).toBe(activity);
+		expect(received[0].android).toBe(activity);
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/core/application/application.android.ts b/packages/core/application/application.android.ts
@@ -148,6 +148,11 @@ function initNativeScriptLifecycleCallbacks() {
 
 			const nativeWindow = Application.android._getWindowForActivity(activity);
 			if (nativeWindow) {
+				// Android always pauses before destroying, so the window has normally left the
+				// active aggregate already; this only keeps a dropped pause from stranding it
+				// there and wedging the app as never-suspended.
+				Application.android._setWindowActive(nativeWindow, false, activity);
+
 				// A destroyed activity only ends the window session when it is finishing —
 				// otherwise Android is recreating it and the same window is reused.
 				const isClosing = activity.isFinishing();
@@ -195,15 +200,14 @@ function initNativeScriptLifecycleCallbacks() {
 		@profile
 		public onActivityPaused(activity: androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity): void {
 			// console.log('NativeScriptLifecycleCallbacks onActivityPaused');
+			const nativeWindow = Application.android._getWindowForActivity(activity);
+
+			// `onActivityCreated` registers a window for every activity in the process, so the
+			// window's role cannot tell a NativeScript activity from a third-party one.
 			if ('isNativeScriptActivity' in activity) {
-				Application.setSuspended(true, {
-					// todo: deprecate event.android in favor of event.activity
-					android: activity,
-					activity,
-				});
+				Application.android._setWindowActive(nativeWindow, false, activity);
 			}
 
-			const nativeWindow = Application.android._getWindowForActivity(activity);
 			if (nativeWindow) {
 				nativeWindow._notifyEvent(NativeWindowEvents.deactivate);
 				// Emit activityPaused on NativeWindow
@@ -518,6 +522,11 @@ export class AndroidApplication extends ApplicationCommon implements IAndroidApp
 	private lifecycleCallbacks: NativeScriptLifecycleCallbacks;
 	private componentCallbacks: NativeScriptComponentCallbacks;
 
+	// Windows currently active. Membership, not a count, so a repeated or missing lifecycle
+	// callback cannot drift the aggregate. The registry owns window lifetime, so nothing here
+	// outlives the window itself.
+	private _activeWindows = new Set<NativeWindow>();
+
 	init(nativeApp: android.app.Application): void {
 		if (this.nativeApp === nativeApp) {
 			return;
@@ -709,6 +718,44 @@ export class AndroidApplication extends ApplicationCommon implements IAndroidApp
 		return this._windows.find((nw) => nw.android?.activity === activity) as AndroidNativeWindow | undefined;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @internal - Feeds a window's active state into the application-level 'resume'/'suspend'
+	 * events, which describe the app as a whole: they are raised when the first window becomes
+	 * active and when the last active one resigns. Callers decide which activities may speak
+	 * for the app; every window reaching here participates.
+	 */
+	_setWindowActive(nativeWindow: NativeWindow | undefined, active: boolean, activity?: androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity): void {
+		if (this._trackWindowActive(nativeWindow, active)) {
+			this.setSuspended(!active, {
+				// todo: deprecate event.android in favor of event.activity
+				android: activity,
+				activity,
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @returns whether the set flipped between empty and non-empty, which is the only point
+	 * at which app-level state changes.
+	 */
+	private _trackWindowActive(nativeWindow: NativeWindow | undefined, active: boolean): boolean {
+		const wasPopulated = this._activeWindows.size > 0;
+
+		// An activity with no registered window cannot join the aggregate, so it only speaks
+		// for the app while no window holds the state.
+		if (!nativeWindow) {
+			return !wasPopulated;
+		}
+
+		if (active) {
+			this._activeWindows.add(nativeWindow);
+		} else {
+			this._activeWindows.delete(nativeWindow);
+		}
+
+		return wasPopulated !== this._activeWindows.size > 0;
+	}
+
 	// --- Multi-window support ---
 
 	/**

diff --git a/packages/core/application/application.d.ts b/packages/core/application/application.d.ts
@@ -155,6 +155,12 @@ export class AndroidApplication extends ApplicationCommon {
 	 */
 	_getWindowForActivity(activity: androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity): NativeWindow | undefined;
 
+	/**
+	 * @internal - Feeds a window's active state into the application-level 'resume'/'suspend'
+	 * events, raised when the first window becomes active and when the last active one resigns.
+	 */
+	_setWindowActive(nativeWindow: NativeWindow | undefined, active: boolean, activity?: androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity): void;
+
 	/**
 	 * Opens a new window by launching the start activity into its own task.
 	 *