• Copyright (C) 2019-2025 Qianqian Fang <q.fang at neu.edu>
• License: GNU General Public License version 3 (GPL v3) or Apache License 2.0, see License*.txt
• Version: 0.9 (code name: Amygdala - final)
• Compatibility: MATLAB R2010b or newer, R2016b or newer to save SNIRF-1.1 compliant files, or Octave 5.0 and newer
• URL: https://github.com/NeuroJSON/jsnirfy

JSNIRF is a portable format for storage, interchange and processing data generated from functional near-infrared spectroscopy, or fNIRS - an emerging functional neuroimaging technique. Built upon the JData and SNIRF specifications, a JSNIRF file has both a text-based interface using the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) [RFC4627] format and a binary interface using the University Binary JSON (UBJSON, https://ubjson.org) derived Binary JData (BJData) serialization format. It contains a compatibility layer to provide a 1-to-1 mapping to the existing HDF5 based SNIRF files. A JSNIRF file can be directly parsed by most existing JSON and BJData parsers. Advanced features include optional hierarchical data storage, grouping, compression, integration with heterogeneous scientific data enabled by JData data serialization framework.

This toolbox also provides a fast/complete reader/writer for the HDF5-based SNIRF files (along with any HDF5 data) via the EasyH5 toolbox (https://github.com/NeuroJSON/easyh5). The toolbox can read/write SNIRF v1.0 data files specified by the SNIRF specification https://github.com/fNIRS/snirf .

This toolbox is selectively dependent on the below toolboxes

• To read/write SNIRF/HDF5 files, one must install the EasyH5 toolbox at https://github.com/NeuroJSON/easyh5
• To read/write SNIRF/HDF5 files in GNU Octave, one must install the oct-hdf5 using pkg install https://github.com/fangq/oct-hdf5/archive/refs/heads/main.zip
• To create/read/write JSNIRF files, one must install the JSONLab toolbox https://github.com/NeuroJSON/jsonlab; this is supported on both MATLAB and Octave.
• To read/write JSNIRF files with internal data compression, one must install the JSONLab toolbox https://github.com/NeuroJSON/jsonlab as well as ZMat toolbox https://github.com/NeuroJSON/zmat ; this is supported on both MATLAB and Octave.

A SNIRF data file is basically an HDF5 file. HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format version 5) is a general purpose file format for storing flexible binary data. However, it has the below limitations:

• it is binary, not human readable, you must use a parser to load the file and understand the content
• it requires a spacial library, although widely and freely available, to load or save such file; dependeny to such library requires extra work for deployment
• HDF5 is a very sophisticated format; writing your own parser is quite difficult
• when storing a small dataset, an HDF5 file has an overhead in file size

In comparison, the JSNIRF data format is defined based on the JData specification. and supports both a text-based interface and a binary interface. The text form JSNIRF file is a plain JSON file, and has various advantages

• JSNIRF is human readable, you can read the data using an editor
• JSNIRF is very simple (because JSON format is very simple)
• JSNIRF is lightweight, little overhead for storing small datasets
• JSNIRF can be readily parsed by numerous free JSON parsers available
• Programming your own specialized JSNIRF parser is very easy to write

The binary JSNIRF format uses a binary JSON format (BJData) which is also

• quasi-human readable despite it is binary
• free parsers available for MATLAB, Python, C++, and C
• easy to write your own parser because of the simplicity

The JSNIRF data structure is highly compatible with the SNIRF data structure. This toolbox provides utilities convert from one form to the other losslessly.

There are only two minor differences:

• A JSNIRF data container renames the SNIRF /nirs root object as SNIRFData. If multiple measurement datasets are provided in the SNIRF data in the forms of /nirs1, /nirs2 ..., or /nirs/data1. /nirs/data2 ..., JSNIRF merges these data objects into struct/cell arrays, and removes the group indices from the group names. These grouped objects are stored as an JSON/BJData array object '[]' when saving to disk.
• The /formatVersion object in the SNIRF data are moved from the root level to a subfield of SNIRFData, this allows the JSNIRF data files to be easily mixed/integrated with other JSON-based data containers, such as SNIRFData defined in other JData based data formats.

To further illustrate the above data reorganization steps, please find below an example

An original SNIRF/HDF5 data outline

/formatVersion
/nirs1/
   /metaDataTags
   /data1
   /data2
   /aux1
   /aux2
   /probe
   ...
/nirs2/
   /metaDataTags
   /data
   /aux1
   /aux2
   /aux3
   /probe
   ...

is converted to the below JSON/JSNIRF data structure

{
  "SNIRFData": [
      {
          "formatVersion": '1.0',
          "metaDataTags":{
	      "SubjectID": ...
	  },
	  "data": [
	     {..for data1 ...},
	     {..for data2 ...}
	  ],
	  "aux": [
	     {..for aux1 ...},
	     {..for aux2 ...}
	  ],
	  "probe": ...
      },
      {
          "formatVersion": '1.0',
          "metaDataTags":{
	      "SubjectID": ...
	  },
	  "data": {...},
	  "aux": [
	     {..for aux1 ...},
	     {..for aux2 ...},
	     {..for aux3 ...}
	  ],
	  "probe": ...
      },
      ...
  ]
}

The JSNIRFY toolbox can be installed using a single command

  addpath('/path/to/jsnirf');

where the /path/to/jsnirf should be replaced by the unzipped folder of the toolbox (i.e. the folder containing savejsnirf.m/loadjsnirf.m).

In order for this toolbox to work, one must install the below dependencies

• the saveh5/loadh5 functions are provided by the EasyH5 toolbox at https://github.com/NeuroJSON/easyh5
• the savejson and savebj functions are provided by the JSONLab toolbox at https://github.com/NeuroJSON/jsonlab
• if data compression is specified by 'compression','zlib' param/value pairs, ZMat toolbox will be needed, https://github.com/NeuroJSON/zmat

Example:

  data=snirfcreate;              % create an empty SNIRF data structure
  data=snirfcreate('data',realdata,'aux',realauxdata); % setting the default values to user data
  data=jsnirfcreate('format','snirf');                 % specify 'snirf' or 'jsnirf' using 'format' option
  jsn=snirfdecode(loadh5('mydata.snirf', 'stringarray', 1)); % load raw HDF5 data and convert to a JSNIRF struct

Example:

  data=loadsnirf('mydata.snirf');     % load an HDF5 SNIRF data file, same as loadh5+regrouph5
  jdata=loadjsnirf('mydata.bnirs');   % load a binary JSON/JSNIRF data file

Example:

  data=snirfcreate;
  data.nirs.data.dataTimeSeries=rand(100,5);
  data.nirs.metaDataTags.SubjectID='subj1';
  data.nirs.metaDataTags.MeasurementDate=date;
  data.nirs.metaDataTags.MeasurementTime=datestr(now,'HH:MM:SS');
  savesnirf(data,'test.snirf');
  savejsnirf(data,'test.jnirs');

Please submit your bug reports, feature requests and questions to the Github Issues page at

https://github.com/NeuroJSON/jsnirfy/issues

Please feel free to fork our software, making changes, and submit your revision back to us via "Pull Requests". JSNIRFY toolbox is open-source and we welcome your contributions!