Closes #2467

Rationale for this change

Transaction.upsert() pins the target branch with use_ref(branch), which sets a snapshot id, so TableScan.projection() resolves the schema recorded on that snapshot rather than the table's current schema. A schema-only update creates no data snapshot, so the branch tip can still carry the pre-update schema, and the matched rows are then read with a schema that no longer matches the input dataframe.

An added column surfaces as ValueError: Target schema's field names are not matching the table's field names in get_rows_to_update(). A renamed non-key column fails the same way, and a renamed join column fails earlier still, in has_duplicate_rows(), with KeyError.

The change is one call site in pyiceberg/table/__init__.py: the scan that reads the matched rows now projects the current table schema. File planning is untouched and still uses the pinned snapshot, so time-travel and ref scan semantics do not change. ArrowScan already binds the row filter against table_metadata.schema(), so the projection was the only part still tied to the snapshot's historical schema.

Are these changes tested?

Yes. Four cases added to tests/table/test_upsert.py, each of which fails on main:

• test_upsert_after_adding_column
• test_upsert_after_renaming_column
• test_upsert_after_renaming_join_column
• test_upsert_after_adding_column_in_transaction

uv run pytest tests/table/test_upsert.py -q → 27 passed.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.