dev-five-git
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ use_self = "allow"
 used_underscore_binding = "allow"
 
 [profile.release]
-# Optimize for small code size (critical for WASM binary)
-opt-level = "s"
+# Minimize the WASM that every build must read, compile, and retain in memory.
+opt-level = "z"
 # Link-time optimization: enables cross-crate inlining and dead code elimination
 lto = true
 # Single codegen unit: maximizes optimization at cost of compile time

diff --git a/benchmark.js b/benchmark.js
@@ -1,97 +1,131 @@
-import { existsSync, readdirSync, rmSync, statSync } from 'node:fs'
-import { join } from 'node:path'
-
-import { execSync } from 'child_process'
-
-function clearBuildFile() {
-  const dirs = readdirSync('./benchmark')
-  for (const dir of dirs) {
-    const base = join('./benchmark', dir)
-    if (!statSync(base).isDirectory()) continue
-    for (const output of ['.next', 'dist', 'df']) {
-      const target = join(base, output)
-      if (existsSync(target)) rmSync(target, { recursive: true, force: true })
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function checkDirSize(path, filter) {
-  let totalSize = 0
-
-  function calculateSize(directory) {
-    const entries = readdirSync(directory)
-    for (const entry of entries) {
-      const entryPath = join(directory, entry)
-      if (statSync(entryPath).isDirectory()) {
-        calculateSize(entryPath) // 재귀적으로 하위 폴더 크기 계산
-      } else if (!filter || filter(entryPath)) {
-        const stats = statSync(entryPath)
-        totalSize += stats.size // 파일 크기 합산
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  calculateSize(path)
-  return totalSize
-}
-
-// Sum only the size of emitted CSS files. Build-size totals are dominated by
-// JS/assets and hide CSS-only differences (e.g. single-importer collapse).
-function checkCssSize(path) {
-  return checkDirSize(path, (p) => p.endsWith('.css'))
-}
-
-clearBuildFile()
-
-function benchmark(target) {
-  // Support both short names ('tailwind' -> next-tailwind) and full names ('vinext-devup-ui')
-  const hasDir = existsSync(join('./benchmark', target, 'package.json'))
-  const dir = hasDir ? target : 'next-' + target
-
-  performance.mark(target + '-start')
-  console.profile(target)
-  execSync('bun run --filter ' + dir + '-benchmark build', {
-    stdio: 'inherit',
-  })
-  console.profileEnd(target)
-  performance.mark(target + '-end')
-  performance.measure(target, target + '-start', target + '-end')
-
-  const benchmarkDir = join('./benchmark', dir)
-  // Resolve the real build-output dir. Next.js emits to `.next`; Vite emits to
-  // `dist`. vinext (Next-on-Vite) emits its real artifacts to `dist` but ALSO
-  // leaves a tiny vestigial `.next` stub (~988 B, no CSS) - so checking `.next`
-  // first measured the empty stub and reported "988 bytes (css 0 bytes)" even
-  // though dist held ~1.28 MB incl. the extracted CSS. Prefer `dist` when it
-  // exists; fall back to `.next` for pure Next.js apps (which never emit dist).
-  const distDir = join(benchmarkDir, 'dist')
-  const outputDir = existsSync(distDir) ? distDir : join(benchmarkDir, '.next')
-  const duration = (
-    performance.getEntriesByName(target)[0].duration / 1000
-  ).toFixed(2)
-  return `${target} ${duration}s ${checkDirSize(outputDir).toLocaleString()} bytes (css ${checkCssSize(outputDir).toLocaleString()} bytes)`
-}
-
-let result = []
-
-result.push(benchmark('tailwind'))
-result.push(benchmark('stylex'))
-result.push(benchmark('stylex-turbo'))
-result.push(benchmark('stylex-turbo-devup-ui'))
-result.push(benchmark('vanilla-extract'))
-result.push(benchmark('kuma-ui'))
-result.push(benchmark('panda-css'))
-result.push(benchmark('chakra-ui'))
-result.push(benchmark('mui'))
-result.push(benchmark('devup-ui'))
-result.push(benchmark('devup-ui-single'))
-result.push(benchmark('tailwind-turbo'))
-result.push(benchmark('devup-ui-single-turbo'))
-result.push(benchmark('devup-ui-turbo'))
-result.push(benchmark('vanilla-extract-devup-ui'))
-result.push(benchmark('tailwind-turbo-devup-ui'))
-result.push(benchmark('vinext-devup-ui'))
-// Multi-component app exercising single-importer collapse (atom dedup).
-result.push(benchmark('devup-ui-collapse'))
-
-console.info(result.join('\n'))
+import { existsSync, readdirSync, rmSync, statSync } from 'node:fs'
+import { join } from 'node:path'
+
+import { execSync } from 'child_process'
+
+function clearBuildFile(dir) {
+  const base = join('./benchmark', dir)
+  for (const output of ['.next', 'dist', 'df']) {
+    const target = join(base, output)
+    if (existsSync(target)) rmSync(target, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  }
+}
+
+function checkDirSize(path, filter) {
+  let totalSize = 0
+
+  function calculateSize(directory) {
+    const entries = readdirSync(directory)
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      const entryPath = join(directory, entry)
+      if (statSync(entryPath).isDirectory()) {
+        calculateSize(entryPath) // 재귀적으로 하위 폴더 크기 계산
+      } else if (!filter || filter(entryPath)) {
+        const stats = statSync(entryPath)
+        totalSize += stats.size // 파일 크기 합산
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  calculateSize(path)
+  return totalSize
+}
+
+// Sum only the size of emitted CSS files. Build-size totals are dominated by
+// JS/assets and hide CSS-only differences (e.g. single-importer collapse).
+function checkCssSize(path) {
+  return checkDirSize(path, (p) => p.endsWith('.css'))
+}
+
+let benchmarkRun = 0
+
+function benchmark(target) {
+  // Support both short names ('tailwind' -> next-tailwind) and full names ('vinext-devup-ui')
+  const hasDir = existsSync(join('./benchmark', target, 'package.json'))
+  const dir = hasDir ? target : 'next-' + target
+  const run = `${target}-${benchmarkRun++}`
+
+  clearBuildFile(dir)
+  performance.mark(run + '-start')
+  console.profile(run)
+  execSync('bun run --filter ' + dir + '-benchmark build', {
+    stdio: 'inherit',
+  })
+  console.profileEnd(run)
+  performance.mark(run + '-end')
+  performance.measure(run, run + '-start', run + '-end')
+
+  const benchmarkDir = join('./benchmark', dir)
+  // Resolve the real build-output dir. Next.js emits to `.next`; Vite emits to
+  // `dist`. vinext (Next-on-Vite) emits its real artifacts to `dist` but ALSO
+  // leaves a tiny vestigial `.next` stub (~988 B, no CSS) - so checking `.next`
+  // first measured the empty stub and reported "988 bytes (css 0 bytes)" even
+  // though dist held ~1.28 MB incl. the extracted CSS. Prefer `dist` when it
+  // exists; fall back to `.next` for pure Next.js apps (which never emit dist).
+  const distDir = join(benchmarkDir, 'dist')
+  const outputDir = existsSync(distDir) ? distDir : join(benchmarkDir, '.next')
+  const duration = performance.getEntriesByName(run)[0].duration / 1000
+  return {
+    duration,
+    result: `${target} ${duration.toFixed(2)}s ${checkDirSize(outputDir).toLocaleString()} bytes (css ${checkCssSize(outputDir).toLocaleString()} bytes)`,
+  }
+}
+
+let result = []
+const turboSamples = new Map([
+  ['tailwind-turbo', []],
+  ['devup-ui-single-turbo', []],
+])
+
+function record(target) {
+  const sample = benchmark(target)
+  const samples = turboSamples.get(target)
+  if (samples) samples.push(sample.duration)
+  result.push(sample.result)
+}
+
+record('tailwind')
+record('stylex')
+record('stylex-turbo')
+record('stylex-turbo-devup-ui')
+record('vanilla-extract')
+record('kuma-ui')
+record('panda-css')
+record('chakra-ui')
+record('mui')
+record('devup-ui')
+record('devup-ui-single')
+record('tailwind-turbo')
+record('devup-ui-single-turbo')
+record('devup-ui-turbo')
+record('vanilla-extract-devup-ui')
+record('tailwind-turbo-devup-ui')
+record('vinext-devup-ui')
+// Multi-component app exercising single-importer collapse (atom dedup).
+record('devup-ui-collapse')
+
+// A single fixed-order result on a shared CI runner is too noisy for the two
+// Turbopack builds we compare directly. Run six cold samples in alternating
+// order so each target runs first three times, then report their medians.
+const turboTargets = ['tailwind-turbo', 'devup-ui-single-turbo']
+for (let sample = 1; sample < 6; sample++) {
+  const order = sample % 2 === 0 ? turboTargets : turboTargets.toReversed()
+  for (const target of order) {
+    turboSamples.get(target).push(benchmark(target).duration)
+  }
+}
+
+function median(samples) {
+  const sorted = samples.toSorted((a, b) => a - b)
+  const middle = sorted.length / 2
+  return (sorted[middle - 1] + sorted[middle]) / 2
+}
+
+for (const target of turboTargets) {
+  const samples = turboSamples.get(target)
+  result.push(
+    `${target} median ${median(samples).toFixed(2)}s (${samples.length} cold samples: ${samples.map((sample) => sample.toFixed(2) + 's').join(', ')})`,
+  )
+}
+
+console.info(result.join('\n'))
diff --git a/benchmark/next-chakra-ui/package.json b/benchmark/next-chakra-ui/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-devup-ui-collapse/package.json b/benchmark/next-devup-ui-collapse/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage",
+    "build": "next build",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "eslint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-devup-ui-single-turbo/package.json b/benchmark/next-devup-ui-single-turbo/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage",
+    "build": "next build",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "eslint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-devup-ui-single/package.json b/benchmark/next-devup-ui-single/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "eslint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-devup-ui-turbo/package.json b/benchmark/next-devup-ui-turbo/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage",
+    "build": "next build",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "eslint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-devup-ui/package.json b/benchmark/next-devup-ui/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "eslint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-kuma-ui/package.json b/benchmark/next-kuma-ui/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-mui/package.json b/benchmark/next-mui/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-panda-css/package.json b/benchmark/next-panda-css/package.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   "scripts": {
     "prepare": "panda codegen",
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-stylex-turbo-devup-ui/package.json b/benchmark/next-stylex-turbo-devup-ui/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     "predev": "rimraf .next df",
     "prebuild": "rimraf .next df",
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage",
+    "build": "next build",
     "start": "next start"
   },
   "dependencies": {

diff --git a/benchmark/next-stylex-turbo/package.json b/benchmark/next-stylex-turbo/package.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     "predev": "rimraf .next",
     "prebuild": "rimraf .next",
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage",
+    "build": "next build",
     "start": "next start"
   },
   "dependencies": {

diff --git a/benchmark/next-stylex/package.json b/benchmark/next-stylex/package.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     "predev": "rimraf .next",
     "prebuild": "rimraf .next",
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-tailwind-turbo-devup-ui/package.json b/benchmark/next-tailwind-turbo-devup-ui/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage",
+    "build": "next build",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-tailwind-turbo/package.json b/benchmark/next-tailwind-turbo/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage",
+    "build": "next build",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-tailwind/package.json b/benchmark/next-tailwind/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-vanilla-extract-devup-ui/package.json b/benchmark/next-vanilla-extract-devup-ui/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },

diff --git a/benchmark/next-vanilla-extract/package.json b/benchmark/next-vanilla-extract/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev",
-    "build": "next build --experimental-debug-memory-usage --webpack",
+    "build": "next build --webpack",
     "start": "next start",
     "lint": "next lint"
   },