drts01
diff --git a/01_hello/hello04_argparse_positional.py b/01_hello/hello04_argparse_positional.py
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Say hello')
 parser.add_argument('name', help='Name to greet')
 args = parser.parse_args()
-print('Hello, ' + args.name + '!')
+print(f'Hello, {args.name}!')
diff --git a/01_hello/hello05_argparse_option.py b/01_hello/hello05_argparse_option.py
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 parser.add_argument('-n', '--name', metavar='name',
                     default='World', help='Name to greet')
 args = parser.parse_args()
-print('Hello, ' + args.name + '!')
+print(f'Hello, {args.name}!')
diff --git a/01_hello/hello06_main_function.py b/01_hello/hello06_main_function.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument('-n', '--name', metavar='name',
                         default='World', help='Name to greet')
     args = parser.parse_args()
-    print('Hello, ' + args.name + '!')
+    print(f'Hello, {args.name}!')
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     main()
diff --git a/01_hello/hello07_get_args.py b/01_hello/hello07_get_args.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def get_args():
 
 def main():
     args = get_args()
-    print('Hello, ' + args.name + '!')
+    print(f'Hello, {args.name}!')
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     main()
diff --git a/01_hello/hello08_formatted.py b/01_hello/hello08_formatted.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def main():
     """Make a jazz noise here"""
 
     args = get_args()
-    print('Hello, ' + args.name + '!')
+    print(f'Hello, {args.name}!')
 
 
 # --------------------------------------------------

diff --git a/03_picnic/solution.py b/03_picnic/solution.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def main():
     elif num == 2:
         bringing = ' and '.join(items)
     else:
-        items[-1] = 'and ' + items[-1]
+        items[-1] = f'and {items[-1]}'
         bringing = ', '.join(items)
 
     print('You are bringing {}.'.format(bringing))

diff --git a/04_jump_the_five/solution2.py b/04_jump_the_five/solution2.py
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ def main():
               '6': '4', '7': '3', '8': '2', '9': '1', '0': '5'}
 
     # Method 2: for loop to build new string
-    new_text = ''
-    for char in args.text:
-        new_text += jumper.get(char, char)
+    new_text = ''.join(jumper.get(char, char) for char in args.text)
     print(new_text)
 
 

diff --git a/04_jump_the_five/solution3.py b/04_jump_the_five/solution3.py
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ def main():
               '6': '4', '7': '3', '8': '2', '9': '1', '0': '5'}
 
     # Method 3: for loop to build new list
-    new_text = []
-    for char in args.text:
-        new_text.append(jumper.get(char, char))
+    new_text = [jumper.get(char, char) for char in args.text]
     print(''.join(new_text))
 
 

diff --git a/07_gashlycrumb/solution1.py b/07_gashlycrumb/solution1.py
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ def main():
 
     args = get_args()
 
-    lookup = {}
-    for line in args.file:
-        lookup[line[0].upper()] = line.rstrip()
-
+    lookup = {line[0].upper(): line.rstrip() for line in args.file}
     for letter in args.letter:
         if letter.upper() in lookup:
             print(lookup[letter.upper()])

diff --git a/11_bottles_of_beer/solution.py b/11_bottles_of_beer/solution.py
@@ -43,12 +43,14 @@ def verse(bottle):
     s1 = '' if bottle == 1 else 's'
     s2 = '' if next_bottle == 1 else 's'
     num_next = 'No more' if next_bottle == 0 else next_bottle
-    return '\n'.join([
-        f'{bottle} bottle{s1} of beer on the wall,',
-        f'{bottle} bottle{s1} of beer,',
-        f'Take one down, pass it around,',
-        f'{num_next} bottle{s2} of beer on the wall!',
-    ])
+    return '\n'.join(
+        [
+            f'{bottle} bottle{s1} of beer on the wall,',
+            f'{bottle} bottle{s1} of beer,',
+            'Take one down, pass it around,',
+            f'{num_next} bottle{s2} of beer on the wall!',
+        ]
+    )
 
 
 # --------------------------------------------------

diff --git a/12_ransom/solution1_for_loop.py b/12_ransom/solution1_for_loop.py
@@ -39,10 +39,7 @@ def main():
     random.seed(args.seed)
 
     # Method 1: Iterate each character, add to list
-    ransom = []
-    for char in args.text:
-        ransom.append(choose(char))
-
+    ransom = [choose(char) for char in args.text]
     print(''.join(ransom))
 
 

diff --git a/12_ransom/solution3_for_append_string.py b/12_ransom/solution3_for_append_string.py
@@ -39,10 +39,7 @@ def main():
     random.seed(args.seed)
 
     # Method 3: Iterate each character, add to a str
-    ransom = ''
-    for char in args.text:
-        ransom += choose(char)
-
+    ransom = ''.join(choose(char) for char in args.text)
     print(''.join(ransom))
 
 

diff --git a/13_twelve_days/solution.py b/13_twelve_days/solution.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def verse(day):
     lines.extend(reversed(gifts[:day]))
 
     if day > 1:
-        lines[-1] = 'And ' + lines[-1].lower()
+        lines[-1] = f'And {lines[-1].lower()}'
 
     return '\n'.join(lines)
 

diff --git a/13_twelve_days/solution_emoji.py b/13_twelve_days/solution_emoji.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def verse(day):
     lines.extend(reversed(gifts[:day]))
 
     if day > 1:
-        lines[-1] = 'And ' + lines[-1].lower()
+        lines[-1] = f'And {lines[-1].lower()}'
 
     return '\n'.join(lines)
 

diff --git a/13_twelve_days/test.py b/13_twelve_days/test.py
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def test_all():
             os.remove(out_file)
 
         try:
-            out = getoutput(cmd + f' -o {out_file}').rstrip()
+            out = getoutput(f'{cmd} -o {out_file}').rstrip()
             assert out == ''
             assert os.path.isfile(out_file)
             output = open(out_file).read().rstrip()

diff --git a/14_rhymer/solution1_regex.py b/14_rhymer/solution1_regex.py
@@ -44,21 +44,17 @@ def stemmer(word):
     vowels = 'aeiou'
     consonants = ''.join(
         [c for c in string.ascii_lowercase if c not in vowels])
-    pattern = (
-        '([' + consonants + ']+)?' # capture one or more, optional
-        '([' + vowels     + '])'   # capture at least one vowel
-        '(.*)'                     # capture zero or more of anything
-    )
+    pattern = (((f'([{consonants}' + ']+)?' # capture one or more, optional
+        '([') + vowels) + '])'   # capture at least one vowel
+        '(.*)')
     pattern = f'([{consonants}]+)?([{vowels}])(.*)'
 
-    match = re.match(pattern, word)
-    if match:
-        p1 = match.group(1) or ''
-        p2 = match.group(2) or ''
-        p3 = match.group(3) or ''
-        return (p1, p2 + p3)
-    else:
+    if not (match := re.match(pattern, word)):
         return (word, '')
+    p1 = match.group(1) or ''
+    p2 = match.group(2) or ''
+    p3 = match.group(3) or ''
+    return (p1, p2 + p3)
 
 
 # --------------------------------------------------

diff --git a/14_rhymer/solution2_no_regex.py b/14_rhymer/solution2_no_regex.py
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ def stemmer(word):
     """Return leading consonants (if any), and 'stem' of word"""
 
     word = word.lower()
-    vowel_pos = list(map(word.index, filter(lambda v: v in word, 'aeiou')))
-
-    if vowel_pos:
+    if vowel_pos := list(
+        map(word.index, filter(lambda v: v in word, 'aeiou'))
+    ):
         first_vowel = min(vowel_pos)
         return (word[:first_vowel], word[first_vowel:])
     else:

diff --git a/15_kentucky_friar/solution3_no_regex.py b/15_kentucky_friar/solution3_no_regex.py
@@ -41,9 +41,10 @@ def fry(word):
     if word.lower() == 'you':
         return word[0] + "'all"
 
-    if word.endswith('ing'):
-        if any(map(lambda c: c.lower() in 'aeiouy', word[:-3])):
-            return word[:-1] + "'"
+    if word.endswith('ing') and any(
+        map(lambda c: c.lower() in 'aeiouy', word[:-3])
+    ):
+        return word[:-1] + "'"
 
     return word
 

diff --git a/15_kentucky_friar/test.py b/15_kentucky_friar/test.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def run_file(file):
     """run with file"""
 
     assert os.path.isfile(file)
-    expected_file = file + '.out'
+    expected_file = f'{file}.out'
 
     assert os.path.isfile(expected_file)
     expected = open(expected_file).read()

diff --git a/17_mad_libs/solution2_no_regex.py b/17_mad_libs/solution2_no_regex.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def main():
         pos = placeholder[1:-1]
         article = 'an' if pos.lower()[0] in 'aeiou' else 'a'
         answer = inputs.pop(0) if inputs else input(tmpl.format(article, pos))
-        text = text[0:start] + answer + text[stop + 1:]
+        text = text[:start] + answer + text[stop + 1:]
         had_placeholders = True
 
     if had_placeholders:

diff --git a/19_wod/solution2.py b/19_wod/solution2.py
@@ -85,8 +85,7 @@ def read_csv(fh):
     for row in csv.DictReader(fh, delimiter=','):
         name, reps = row.get('exercise'), row.get('reps')
         if name and reps:
-            match = re.match(r'(\d+)-(\d+)', reps)
-            if match:
+            if match := re.match(r'(\d+)-(\d+)', reps):
                 low, high = map(int, match.groups())
                 exercises.append((name, low, high))
 

diff --git a/19_wod/using_csv1.py b/19_wod/using_csv1.py
@@ -5,8 +5,5 @@
 
 with open('inputs/exercises.csv') as fh:
     reader = csv.DictReader(fh, delimiter=',')
-    records = []
-    for rec in reader:
-        records.append(rec)
-
+    records = list(reader)
     pprint(records)
diff --git a/21_tictactoe/solution2.py b/21_tictactoe/solution2.py
@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@ def main():
 def format_board(board):
     """Format the board"""
 
-    cells = []
-    for i, char in enumerate(board, start=1):
-        cells.append(str(i) if char == '.' else char)
+    cells = [
+        str(i) if char == '.' else char
+        for i, char in enumerate(board, start=1)
+    ]
 
     bar = '-------------'
     cells_tmpl = '| {} | {} | {} |'

diff --git a/21_tictactoe/test.py b/21_tictactoe/test.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def test_losing():
     """test losing boards"""
 
     losing_board = list('XXOO.....')
-    for i in range(10):
+    for _ in range(10):
         random.shuffle(losing_board)
         out = getoutput(f'{prg} -b {"".join(losing_board)}').splitlines()
         assert out[-1].strip() == 'No winner.'
diff --git a/22_itictactoe/unit.py b/22_itictactoe/unit.py
@@ -63,6 +63,6 @@ def test_losing():
 
     losing_state = list('XXOO.....')
 
-    for i in range(10):
+    for _ in range(10):
         random.shuffle(losing_state)
-        assert find_winner(''.join(losing_state)) == None
+        assert find_winner(''.join(losing_state)) is None
diff --git a/appendix_argparse/one_arg.py b/appendix_argparse/one_arg.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def main():
     """Make a jazz noise here"""
 
     args = get_args()
-    print('Hello, ' + args.name + '!')
+    print(f'Hello, {args.name}!')
 
 
 # --------------------------------------------------

diff --git a/bin/new.py b/bin/new.py
@@ -180,8 +180,7 @@ def get_defaults():
     defaults = {}
     if os.path.isfile(rc):
         for line in open(rc):
-            match = re.match('([^=]+)=([^=]+)', line)
-            if match:
+            if match := re.match('([^=]+)=([^=]+)', line):
                 key, val = map(str.strip, match.groups())
                 if key and val:
                     defaults[key] = val

diff --git a/extra/02_strings/test.py b/extra/02_strings/test.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def test_space():
     word = random.choice([' ', '\t'])
     rv, out = getstatusoutput(f'{prg} "{word}"')
     assert rv == 0
-    assert out == f'input is space.'
+    assert out == 'input is space.'
 
 
 # --------------------------------------------------

diff --git a/extra/07_proteins/test.py b/extra/07_proteins/test.py
@@ -108,9 +108,12 @@ def run(input_seq, codons, expected):
     random_file = random_filename()
     try:
         flip = random.randint(0, 1)
-        out_file, out_arg = (random_file,
-                             '-o ' + random_file) if flip == 1 else ('out.txt',
-                                                                     '')
+        out_file, out_arg = (
+            (random_file, f'-o {random_file}')
+            if flip == 1
+            else ('out.txt', '')
+        )
+
         print(f'{prg} -c {codons} {out_arg} {input_seq}')
         rv, output = getstatusoutput(f'{prg} -c {codons} {out_arg} {input_seq}')
 

diff --git a/extra/09_moog/test.py b/extra/09_moog/test.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def test_defaults():
 def test_options():
     """runs on good input"""
 
-    out_file = random_string() + '.fasta'
+    out_file = f'{random_string()}.fasta'
     try:
         if os.path.isfile(out_file):
             os.remove(out_file)

diff --git a/extra/10_whitmans/solution.py b/extra/10_whitmans/solution.py
@@ -65,15 +65,14 @@ def main():
         out_file = os.path.join(args.outdir, basename)
         print(f'{i:3}: {basename}')
 
-        out_fh = open(out_file, 'wt')
-        num_taken = 0
+        with open(out_file, 'wt') as out_fh:
+            num_taken = 0
 
-        for rec in SeqIO.parse(fh, 'fasta'):
-            if random.random() <= args.pct:
-                num_taken += 1
-                SeqIO.write(rec, out_fh, 'fasta')
+            for rec in SeqIO.parse(fh, 'fasta'):
+                if random.random() <= args.pct:
+                    num_taken += 1
+                    SeqIO.write(rec, out_fh, 'fasta')
 
-        out_fh.close()
         total_num += num_taken
 
     num_files = len(args.file)

diff --git a/extra/10_whitmans/test.py b/extra/10_whitmans/test.py
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ def test_options():
         files = os.listdir(out_dir)
         assert len(files) == 3
 
-        seqs_written = 0
-        for file in files:
-            seqs_written += len(
-                list(SeqIO.parse(os.path.join(out_dir, file), 'fasta')))
+        seqs_written = sum(
+            len(list(SeqIO.parse(os.path.join(out_dir, file), 'fasta')))
+            for file in files
+        )
 
         assert seqs_written == 27688
     finally: