@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import * as gitUtils from "./git-utils";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
 import {
   downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+  getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix,
+  getCacheSaveKey,
   OverlayDatabaseMode,
   writeBaseDatabaseOidsFile,
   writeOverlayChangesFile,
@@ -261,3 +263,48 @@ test(
   },
   false,
 );
+
+test("overlay-base database cache keys remain stable", async (t) => {
+  const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+  const config = createTestConfig({ languages: ["python", "javascript"] });
+  const codeQlVersion = "2.23.0";
+  const commitOid = "abc123def456";
+
+  sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+  sinon.stub(gitUtils, "getCommitOid").resolves(commitOid);
+  sinon.stub(actionsUtil, "getWorkflowRunID").returns(12345);
+  sinon.stub(actionsUtil, "getWorkflowRunAttempt").returns(1);
+
+  const saveKey = await getCacheSaveKey(
+    config,
+    codeQlVersion,
+    "checkout-path",
+    logger,
+  );
+  const expectedSaveKey =
+    "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-javascript_python-2.23.0-abc123def456-12345-1";
+  t.is(
+    saveKey,
+    expectedSaveKey,
+    "Cache save key changed unexpectedly. " +
+      "This may indicate breaking changes in the cache key generation logic.",
+  );
+
+  const restoreKeyPrefix = await getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix(
+    config,
+    codeQlVersion,
+  );
+  const expectedRestoreKeyPrefix =
+    "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-javascript_python-2.23.0-";
+  t.is(
+    restoreKeyPrefix,
+    expectedRestoreKeyPrefix,
+    "Cache restore key prefix changed unexpectedly. " +
+      "This may indicate breaking changes in the cache key generation logic.",
+  );
+
+  t.true(
+    saveKey.startsWith(restoreKeyPrefix),
+    `Expected save key "${saveKey}" to start with restore key prefix "${restoreKeyPrefix}"`,
+  );
+});
@@ -4,13 +4,19 @@ import * as path from "path";
 
 import * as actionsCache from "@actions/cache";
 
-import { getRequiredInput, getTemporaryDirectory } from "./actions-util";
+import {
+  getRequiredInput,
+  getTemporaryDirectory,
+  getWorkflowRunAttempt,
+  getWorkflowRunID,
+} from "./actions-util";
 import { getAutomationID } from "./api-client";
 import { type CodeQL } from "./codeql";
 import { type Config } from "./config-utils";
 import { getCommitOid, getFileOidsUnderPath } from "./git-utils";
 import { Logger, withGroupAsync } from "./logging";
 import {
+  getErrorMessage,
   isInTestMode,
   tryGetFolderBytes,
   waitForResultWithTimeLimit,
@@ -271,6 +277,7 @@ export async function uploadOverlayBaseDatabaseToCache(
     config,
     codeQlVersion,
     checkoutPath,
+    logger,
   );
   logger.info(
     `Uploading overlay-base database to Actions cache with key ${cacheSaveKey}`,
@@ -448,17 +455,28 @@ export async function downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache(
  * The key consists of the restore key prefix (which does not include the
  * commit SHA) and the commit SHA of the current checkout.
  */
-async function getCacheSaveKey(
+export async function getCacheSaveKey(
   config: Config,
   codeQlVersion: string,
   checkoutPath: string,
+  logger: Logger,
 ): Promise<string> {
+  let runId = 1;
+  let attemptId = 1;
+  try {
+    runId = getWorkflowRunID();
+    attemptId = getWorkflowRunAttempt();
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warning(
+      `Failed to get workflow run ID or attempt ID. Reason: ${getErrorMessage(e)}`,
+    );
+  }
   const sha = await getCommitOid(checkoutPath);
   const restoreKeyPrefix = await getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix(
     config,
     codeQlVersion,
   );
-  return `${restoreKeyPrefix}${sha}`;
+  return `${restoreKeyPrefix}${sha}-${runId}-${attemptId}`;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -475,7 +493,7 @@ async function getCacheSaveKey(
  * not include the commit SHA. This allows us to restore the most recent
  * compatible overlay-base database.
  */
-async function getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix(
+export async function getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix(
   config: Config,
   codeQlVersion: string,
 ): Promise<string> {